论量刑事实证明体系的构建

量刑事实构成要素可从立法、司法解释和理论研究三个层面进行划分。构建量刑事实证明体系的基本前提是:将量刑事实与定罪事实进行明确区分,将证据按照是否有利于被告进行明确区分,将证明责任与证明标准进行合理划分。构建我国量刑事实证明体系的具体设想是:将定罪程序与量刑程序分离,确立量刑事实证明责任的分担,确立量刑事实的证明标准。     

法律事实与裁判事实的关系新探

法律事实即法律规范规定的、能引起法律关系产生、变更和消灭的情况或现象,是有证据证明、可以运用法律方法识别认定的客观事实,其基本特征是客观性、规范性、可证性和学理性.裁判事实是公权力机关依法认定的事实,其基本特征是主观性、公定性、已证性和实务性.在内涵层面上,法律事实和裁判事实表现为客观和主观、无权和有权、应然和实然、基础与表现四重关系;在外延层面上,法律事实和裁判事实表现为交叉关系.促进裁判事实无限接近法律事实的思路,需要提升证明标准的立法水平,明确法官自由心证叙明原则及制度,并确立法官行为标准和评价规范.     

论刑事政策对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的影响

随着信息网络和现代科技的发展,刑法在面对复杂的犯罪类型时稍显无力,刑事政策开始不断地侵入刑罚体系。刑事政策是刑法规范与现实状况连接的桥梁,在规范判断中增加了事实判断,以解决刑法面对现实风险的困境。侵犯公民个人信息犯罪是新型犯罪的典型,刑事政策从立法层面可为应保护法益选择提供指导,从司法层面可对构成要件要素的解释提供价值引导。     

“价值—组织—方法”框架下的城市区域发展评价体系探析

科学的城市区域发展评价体系应建立在工具理性和价值理性的兼济平衡之上,立足于事实评价与价值评价的有机结合。地方政府自主性扩张带来地方政府自利倾向的显性化,而在城市区域发展评价过程中,地方政府及其公职人员兼具作为评价主体和评价对象的双重身份,在激励机制与约束机制的共同作用下,围绕城市区域发展评价体系展开了一系列价值理性和工具理性的权衡博弈,并对城市区域发展评价体系产生深远影响,未来更应该注重城市区域发展政策评价的应然性价值对于现实的城市区域发展政策评价体系设计及其运用实践的引导、规范和促进作用,对缺失的理性成分与价值构成进行弥补。     

论我国社会主义意识形态的构成

我国社会主义意识形态体系是在马克思主义不断中国化的过程中形成和发展的.社会主义意识形态是个动态的开放的体系,它主要包括三个层面的内容:理论解释层面、价值目标层面、实践操作层面.理论解释层面是意识形态的体系的哲学基础,价值目标层面是意识形态体系所倡导的目标和奋斗方向,实践操作层面是意识形态体系目标落实的步骤.三者相互支撑,并随时代的发展而不断完善,共同构成了我国社会主义意识形态的有机整体.     

社会组织党建中的“事实”、“规范”与“价值”——基于新时代视角对现有研究的进一步探讨

学界对社会组织党建研究近二十年的研究可以概括为三个方面,一是对社会组织党建工作开展情况的研究,即对"事实"的研究。这种事实因为研究对象的多样性而呈现出多样性,并形成不同判断。二是社会组织党建工作应该如何更好地开展,即对"规范"的研究。这种"规范"主要是认识层面上的规范(应该怎么看)与实践意义上的规范(应该如何做)。三是社会组织党建工作的客观功能与主观目的,即客观与主观价值的研究。进入新时代社会组织党建研究需要继续深化。这可以通过加强与拓展对社会组织党建中"事实"与"价值"研究,以及正确处理研究中"价值中立"与"历史使命"关系来实现。     

实事求是的三重要求

坚持实事求是要满足三重要求:道德层面要求讲真话,这是实事求是的应有之义,讲真话必须勇于纠错,要有制度保证,落实广大党员和领导干部讲真话的责任;规范层面要求讲证据,就是用证据说话,这是甄别真理和谬误的规范和方法,讲证据具有过程性,人民群众的实践就是活生生的证据;事实层面要求重实践,尊重实践效果对人的批判,重实践要以人民群众的实践为基础,实践必须理解为持续的,是以生存发展为目的的对象性活动。     

主人的“重”与“轻”——关于当前企业职工思想价值取向的调查

上半年,我们就当前职工的思想价值取向问题,到江苏、湖北的20多个国有大中型企业、三资企业和股份制企业进行了调查,并结合北京、上海、广东、山东、吉林、大连等地的调查材料进行综合分析。结果表明:在建立市场经济体制过程中,职工的思想价值取向从单一的封闭型转向开放的多元型,政治价值取向的广泛认同与生活选择的多层性相互交织在一起,出现了重经济而轻政治,重物质而轻精神,重实惠而轻道德,重市场而轻官场,重个性而轻共性的一系列新变化。职工思想价值取向主流是好的     

需要与满足的统一——教学评价的考量

教学评价作为一种价值判断活动,在运作过程中会形成多种需要与满足的关系,并不仅表现为学生与教师、学校与教师的关系,还包括教师的自我需要与满足,所以教师在教学评价中的主体地位应该得到尊重。多元评价主体的确定并不必然带来评价结果的可靠,各个评价主体只有肩负着高度的社会责任感,把自我价值与社会价值统一起来,对教学评价的社会价值给予充分的关注,评价的可靠性才有保证。此时,评价的反思功能才会给教学评价体系的重构提供客观的依据。为了确保教学评价的社会诉求的最终实现,科学合理的评价体系应具备以下要素:评价目的的发展性、评价方式的主动性、评价标准的科学性、评价周期的过程性。     

传统文化反思的反思

本文依据人类认识过程是事实认识和价值评价相统一的认识论观点,衡量百余年来的文化反思史,认为百余年的文化反思存在着一个重大缺陷,就是重“价值评价”而轻“事实认识”,导致文化学基本理论研究的空白,使我们对传统文化的反思缺少具体的方法论工具,影响了对传统文化的承继与改造。     

Fact-sensitive political theory

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to argue for the importance of attention to facts in normative theorising. I discuss the problems that arise from both not displaying such attention (as some idealists do) and from doing so in the wrong way (as, for example, realists do). I propose a different brand of theorising – fact-sensitive political theory, which aims to avoid these two problems by paying attention to key facts while retaining a solid normative anchoring in abstract normative principles. The merit of abstract vs. non-abstract reasoning is that the normative debate is not torn between two distinct ends of a spectrum in the way the idealist–realist debate is. By contrast, the locus of the investigations is vertical in the sense that abstract and concrete normative discussions are given equal status and can co-exist compatibly. One of the main differences between abstract and concrete normative principles is whether abstract or concrete facts are considered necessary for the determination of the normative principles. The fact-sensitive account of normativity is neither realist nor non-ideal: it is an ambitious and demanding normative theory that contains both abstract and concrete normative reasoning. The fact-sensitive account of political theory meets the two criteria set out in this article: to integrate concrete and empirical facts about the subject matter and to subject the selection of facts to theoretical and methodological discussion and justification.     

The Fact/Value Distinction and the Social Sciences

Metaethics is an especially illuminating context for exploring the relation between facts and values. There are good reasons in favor of a cognitivist, realist interpretation of moral value, and some of the elements of that interpretation suggest bases for rejecting the alleged fact/value distinction in social scientific explanations. Some of the main objections to the alleged fact/value distinction and to expressivist interpretations of moral value are articulated, with a view to showing their relevance to the understanding of social phenomena more broadly. Also, the way in which rationality inevitably involves normativity is discussed because it is a crucial consideration in regard to understanding the normative aspects of issues the social sciences seek to explain.     

Normative behaviourism as a solution to four problems in realism and non-ideal theory

ABSTRACT

This article advances the case for ‘normative behaviourism’ – a new way of doing political philosophy that tries to turn facts about observable patterns of behaviour, as produced by different political systems, into grounds for specific political principles. This approach is applied to four distinct problems at the heart of the ideal/non-ideal theory and moralism/realism debates: (1) How to distinguish good from bad idealisations; (2) how to rank options of variable feasibility, cost, and danger; (3) how to distinguish legitimate acceptance of a given political system from acceptance based on coercion or false consciousness; and (4) how to translate abstract principles into concrete institutions. Objections against the general viability of normative behaviourism, and against the types of behaviour it tracks, are also considered.     

A Pragmatist Critique of Liberal Epistemology

Abstract

This paper wrestles with the issue of the place of comprehensive beliefs within the public space. It tries to strike a middle path between the liberal ban on comprehensive beliefs and the anti-liberal claim that comprehensive beliefs should be given full pride of place in public deliberations. The article relies on arguments that are inspired by the pragmatist tradition. It starts locating the main cause of failures at articulating comprehensive beliefs and public reason in a central feature of liberal epistemology, namely the way it conceives public reason via a preliminary distinction between public and non-public beliefs. After criticizing this distinction, the article introduces a distinction between the normative practice of justification and the normative practice of adjudication as a more perspicuous way to establish the place that comprehensive beliefs should play within political forums. It then concludes showing that this approach provides a satisfying answer to the issue of the public role of comprehensive beliefs in a liberal democratic regime that is respectful of citizens’ thick identities while at the same time complying with the requirements of respect set by the liberal tradition.     

Culture vs citizenship? A review and critique of will Kymlicka's multicultural citizenship

The article presents a review and critique of Will Kymlicka's Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. I focus primarily on the normative elements and consequences of Kymlicka's theory and present an alternative to his liberal defence of group‐differentiated rights. In marked contrast to Kymlicka, I argue that to truly protect their cultures minority groups must forge closer ties with their respective states. Furthermore, I suggest that multicultural citizenship can only be achieved through a commitment by both majority and minority groups to toleration and respect for deep diversity. To be effective, multiculturalism should be considered to be an ordering principle of the regime.     

中国传统监察制度的历史借鉴价值

在惩治和预防腐败体系中，监督处于关键性的地位。构建具有中国特色的监督体制，必须十分重视借鉴中国传统的监察制度。在中国古代监察制度中，以下方面仍然值得今天借鉴：监察系统实行垂直领导制；充实完善监察立法；对御史及其监察活动进行监督；特别选用监察御史；树立御史权威；实施秩卑、权重、赏厚的巧妙设计。借鉴中国传统监察制度决不是生搬硬套的“拿来主义”，而应该结合现实情况，进行创造性的转化和扬弃。     

误读的司法民主--司法过程中的“超当事人主义”现象解读

当前我国司法实践中存在一种“超当事人主义”现象，其暴露出司法的信任危机。“超当事人主义”现象的背后，正是我们对司法民主观念的误读。司法民主的核心内容是为民众提供可实现的公正裁判。从法律修辞学的视角而言，具备可接受性的裁判必须以司法权威为前提；在提高法官人格魅力的同时，淡化整个司法过程的人格化因素；司法体系在信息认知方面必须对当事人足够开放，而在规范层面则应该严格限制法外因素进入。法官对裁判后果的评价，应超越于“让当事人满意”的简单后果论，在司法过程中坚守并追求“规范性共识”。     

地方政府绩效评估的"南通模式":效应、瓶颈及努力方向

基于目标导向的地方政府绩效评估的“南通模式”具有十分明显的传递效应、导向效应和监督效应。同时，也存在着指标体系没有充分体现现代政府绩效评估的要求、政府绩效评估工作机制有待统一完善、政府绩效考核的方法和工具比较单一、政府绩效考核的结果运用不够全面等亟待消除的难点与瓶颈。完善基于目标导向的地方政府绩效评估模式的主要路径是：以科学发展观指导地方政府绩效评估、完善政府绩效评估工作机制、将政府绩效评估从技术方法提升到制度安排、深化地方政府绩效评估结果运用等。