构建中低收入群体住房保障体系问题探讨

中低收入群体是人民大众的主体,他们的住房问题是关系到国计民生的经济问题和社会问题,为中低收入群体提供住房是住房保障制度的重要内容.基于住房的保障性和商品性,住房问题完全由市场供给或政府保障都存在不足,必须实行“双轨制”的住房供应体系.建构完善的政策扶持机制、信息共享机制、社会监督机制、法律保障机制是实现中低收入群体“住有所居”的重要制度保障.     

浅析美国《1988年公平住房法修正案》出台的背景

为了实现美国住房的公平性,1968年4月10日约翰逊总统签署了国会提交的《公平住房法》,该法案明确规定:"公平住房法禁止在住房市场因种族、肤色、宗教或出生国的原因进行歧视活动"。由于该法案存在缺陷、住房市场盛行对有孩子家庭以及残疾人的歧视,所以为了解决这些问题,1988年9月12日里根总统签署了《1988年公平住房法修正案》。     

改善房地产宏观调控,保持房价稳定

<正>改革房地产税制,将房地产税培育成地方税的主体税种,遏制地方政府土地财政的短期行为;对普通商品住房实行"限购、限价"政策;房地产宏观调控"去行政化",坚持市场化手段调控非普通商品住房,发挥市场配置房地产资源的基础性作用是有效抑制房价、促进房地产业健康稳定发展的关键。解决我国房价居高不下的深层次的体制与机制问题,界定好政府与市场的边界,转变政府职能,制定科学的房地产产业发     

政治资源配置与和谐社会构建——和谐社会的政治社会学分析

政治资源的不公平配置导致了社会的断裂,社会断裂的倾向和由此产生的不断增强的社会冲突意识又是构建和谐社会的逻辑起点,也是构建和谐社会的现实基础.因此,政治资源的不公平配置是引起社会不和谐的根源性原因.通过构建由"市场体制、服务政府和公民社会"组成的三位一体的政治资源公平配置体系,来探索建设和谐社会的路径选择.     

住房补贴政策的经济学分析

解决住房问题关键是要理顺政府和市场的关系,主要有完全自发的市场均衡、完全的政府管制、市场自发决定后的政府管制、政府间接调控下的住房市场均衡等几种方式.住房政策在广义上是以三方面影响住房的供求和产出市场:影响需求主体,刺激供给主体,实行价格管制.在选择和制定住房补贴政策时,应在评价其适用性与局限性的基础上,以"效率第一,兼顾公平"为指导,充分发挥市场机制调节住房供求的作用.     

“90后”大学生公平观现状与教育研究

"90后"大学生的公平观整体是好的,但由于受"90后"思想特点的影响出现了新的情况和问题,一部分大学生存在投机思想,在大学生群体间不公平感普遍存在,且在面对不公平问题时,部分大学生难以作为等;分析原因在于大学生个体价值观偏离、高校公平教育引导缺失等。由此提出高校中提升大学生公平观教育引导的三项对策,即弘扬社会主义核心价值观;创新思政理论课教育教学;努力营造校园公平的氛围。从而引导大学生树立符合社会主流的公平观和构建有利于大学生成长的良好环境。     

中国城市住房货币化政策：经济增长与社会公正的博弈

自1998年中国实行住房货币化改革以来，城市居民的住房条件有很大的改善。但近几年，由于城市房价的持续上涨，住房供给的结构性失调以及住房不公平等问题日渐凸显，使住房货币化政策本身成为公秉关注的焦点。住房政策的价值导向是一味地追求经济的增长远是兼顾住房公正，是我们必须深刻反思的重要课题。     

从“同者”走向多元——列维纳斯的政治哲学向度

列维纳斯在胡塞尔、海德格尔思想的基础上,对西方哲学传统进行了猛烈的批评。他认为西方哲学本质上是"同者"哲学,具有内在的征服和暴力倾向,它呈现为对于对象"本质"的无限探求。同者的世界是一个不公平的世界,它的危害只能用"他者"的态度加以化解:社会是个人的多元化组合,不能够被归为总体同一性;面对"他者之脸",无限责任自然产生。列维纳斯的他者哲学对政治哲学最重要的影响是给现代社会占主导地位的多元主义提供了坚实的思想基础。     

海口市弱势群体住房保障制度——廉租房制度研究

"房价高、住房难!"这已成为困扰中国居民的三大难题之一,住房困难说明我国当前的住房制度存在缺陷,诸如:房源、资金、收入统计与监管机制、地方政府参与不积极等.改善住房保障的核心是大规模的廉租房建设.     

建立和完善城市基本住房保障制度

住房保障制度是世界各国普遍采用的一项公共政策。其目的在于保障社会成员的基本人权(生存权、居住权等)、维护社会稳定和促进社会公平。住房保障制度是指政府和单位在住房领域实施社会保障职能,对城镇居民中低收入家庭进行扶持和救助的一种住房政策措施的总和;     

Housing and the Welfare State in Norway

This article discusses housing and the welfare state in Norway in 1980 and 2005 by applying Esping‐Andersen's theories of welfare state regimes to this sector. How should Norwegian housing policy be understood in light of Esping‐Andersen's conceptual framework, and what is the impact of post‐industrial change? In 1980, Norwegian housing policy was mainly characterised by social‐democratic traits such as market regulation, substantial public expenditure and universal subsidies for both renters and a large owner‐occupied housing sector. The effects of post‐industrial changes, including deregulation of the credit and housing markets, marked a major turn in housing policy and the housing market in Norway. By 2005, Norwegian housing policy was mainly characterised by traits that are typical of a liberal welfare regime: market economics, low public expenditure and subsidies for small, targeted groups, while other segments of the Norwegian welfare state remain characterised by social‐democratic traits. Esping‐Andersen's claim that the effect of post‐industrial transformation was different in different welfare regimes is thus not supported by the case of the Norwegian housing sector.     

Contesting belonging and social citizenship: the case of refugee housing in Armenia

Using the example of the right to housing, this article addresses the ways in which the practice of social citizenship, including popular claims and expectations and actual state provisions, has changed in post-Soviet Armenia. It examines the claims of Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan to state-provided permanent housing, which they consider the key condition for becoming ‘citizens’ and ‘locals’ in Armenia, and the Armenian state's solutions to the housing issue following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It demonstrates how the Soviet-era housing policy has left its mark on current notions and practices of social citizenship in Armenia. Even though social rights in general have decreased, notions of social citizenship are still present not only in the expectations and claims of needy refugees and citizens without housing but also in the state's acknowledgement of responsibility for its citizens' welfare (though currently providing only for those in extreme need), and in the equalising effect, the state housing programme has had for the majority of refugees who participated in it.     

The post‐Stalinist present and the Australian past

Abstract

Since 1979, housing reforms in China have been seen as successive state efforts to improve urban governance. The idea is that the state has all along failed to deliver housing efficiently and equitably through the work units and that it is believed that only through the recommodification of housing could the housing problem be ultimately resolved. The housing monetarization policy (HMP) was thus launched in 1998 to replace the long-standing in-kind housing subsidy under the old welfare housing system. The policy aims at providing workers with cash subsidies as part of their wage package to enable them to buy or rent their homes from the market. The purpose of this paper is to explain the implications of the HMP through a neoliberal urbanization perspective. Through the case study of Guiyang, it is argued that while the HMP is successful in improving certain historical housing inequalities, it does not primarily aim at eradicating housing inequalities. HMP has in fact led to more rather than less horizontal inequities. In addition, it is argued here that a market housing system is leading towards increasing urban poverty, greater social polarization and spatial segregation. To improve governance, China needs to keep neoliberal urbanization in check and pay serious attention to its adverse consequences during economic transformation.     

Holes in the safety net,leaks in the roof: Changes in Canadian welfare policy and their implications for social housing programs 1

Abstract

This article surveys recent reforms to Canadian social policy at the national level and welfare programs at the provincial level to determine how social housing policy and programming are being affected. The survey considers Canada's Social Security Review consultation process, which played out over 1994 and 1995. The article outlines various concerns raised over the Canada Health and Social Transfer, a fundamental reform to intergovernmental fiscal and policy relations announced in the 1995 federal budget and elaborated on in the 1996 budget.

The transfer of administrative responsibility for federally funded social housing to provincial and territorial governments is discussed and recent developments in welfare programs across Canada are described, noting housing elements within these programs.     

The politics of quantitative easing and housing stimulus by the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, 2008‒2018

Abstract

Central banks have been important yet underexplored actors in the fight against the Great Recession. In addition to ultra-low interest rates, they adopted large-scale bond-buying programmes known as quantitative easing (QE). Yet there is significant variation in QE programmes with important distributive consequences. Why has the Fed adopted multi-trillion-dollar bond-buying programmes in housing, while the ECB has not? This article argues that the Fed targeted the integrated housing finance market as a monetary transmission strategy to stimulate core elements of the US growth model: credit, demand, and consumption. In contrast, the ECB hardly stimulated housing given the eurozone’s fragmented housing finance markets and the macroeconomic frictions with some eurozone growth models, particularly export-oriented Germany. Analysing archival and interview data, this article traces the decisions of these central banks since the Great Recession, contributing to scholarship on the politics of central banking, economic policy in hard times, and the welfare state.     

Navigating Limited and Uncertain Access to Subsidized Housing After Prison

An emerging literature has documented the challenges that formerly incarcerated individuals face in securing stable housing. Given the increasingly unaffordable rental market, rental subsidies represent an important and understudied source of stable housing for this population. The existing literature has described substantial discretion and a varied policy landscape that determine former prisoners’ access to housing subsidies, or subsidized housing spaces that are leased to members of their social and family networks. Less is known about how former prisoners themselves interpret and navigate this limited and uncertain access to subsidized housing. Drawing on data from repeated qualitative interviews with 44 former prisoners, we describe the creative and often labor-intensive strategies that participants employed to navigate discretion and better position themselves for subsidized housing that was in high demand, but also largely out of reach. Our findings also illustrate the potential costs associated with these strategies for both participants and members of their social and family networks.     

Retrenchment of Social Policy by Other Means: A Comparison of Agricultural and Housing Policy in Turkey

Abstract

In many low- and middle-income countries, conventional welfare state institutions provide social protection only for the formally employed. In contrast, the rural and urban poor are often protected by “social policy by other means”. Based on a comparative analysis of two major unconventional welfare programs in Turkey, agricultural state support and access to squatter housing, this article explains retrenchment of social policy by other means. Agricultural retrenchment was the result of coercive policy transfer from international organizations in a post-crisis context, while the retrenchment of squatter housing was driven by domestic political entrepreneurs responding to decreases in the availability of urban land and the number of informal squatters. In both cases, retrenchment became politically sustainable due to functional replacement with more conventional welfare programs. This analysis challenges the narrow focus of mainstream welfare state research, provides an explanation of retrenchment of social policy by other means, and enhances our understanding of Turkey’s uneven welfare state development.     

Rental Housing Assistance and Health: Evidence From the Survey of Income and Program Participation

Interest in the health impacts of renter housing assistance has grown in the wake of heated national discussions on health care and social welfare spending. Assistance may improve renters’ health by offering (a) low, fixed housing costs; (b) protection against eviction; and (c) access to better homes and neighborhoods. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and econometric analysis, I estimate the effect of receiving assistance from the public housing or Section 8 voucher programs on low-income renters’ reported health status and spending. Assisted renters spent less on health care over the year than unassisted low-income renters did, after controlling for other characteristics. This finding suggests that assisted housing leads to health benefits that may reduce low-income renters’ need to purchase health services. Voucher holders’ lower expenditures are influenced by their low, fixed housing costs, but public housing residents’ lower expenditures are not explained by existing theory.     

No Home for Housing: The Situation of the Commonwealth's Housing Policy Advisory Function

The Commonwealth's policy capacity with regard to housing policy and provision has been erratic and patchy. Partly this is because housing was not traditionally a formal Commonwealth responsibility but something in which Commonwealth governments episodically intervened, and partly it was because Commonwealth ministers often did not exercise demand for policy advice in this area. When policy capacity was exercised it tended to define housing narrowly as a welfare initiative, thereby limiting its conception and excluding other important questions and problems involved with housing as a policy domain. This trajectory meant that the advisory deficiencies of the Commonwealth were often exposed at exactly those times when they were most needed. It also meant that the Commonwealth lacked the detailed knowledge and understanding of housing issues when it was called upon to deliver various programs. The article argues that the Commonwealth needs to adopt a more strategic housing policy that addresses longer term needs as well as the economic, social and environmental consequences of its housing policy.     

Declining foreclosure neighborhood effects over time

According to previous studies, residential foreclosures reduce the value of neighboring residential units and the initial negative effects decay over time and space. This study attempts to investigate the temporal path of the initial effects by following cohorts of single-family housing distressed sales (foreclosures and real estate owned sales) over time. A hedonic model estimation of single-family housing sales in Saint Louis County, Missouri, produced larger marginal impacts for new distressed sales in the year 2000 compared with the marginal impact of new distressed sales in 2007, that is, the marginal impact of new distressed sales is declining in at least one housing market. This result holds true for the distressed sale neighborhood impact, the effect of distress on the same unit's future sales price, and the discount on a distressed unit's current “liquidation sale” price.