中国人男性硬腭的年龄变化研究

目的探讨腭缝及硬腭骨质年龄变化的规律,建立腭骨年龄判定的方法。方法对268例已知生前确切年龄的中国汉族男性的上腭硬腭腭缝的愈合情况及硬腭表面的骨质情况,进行了观察,将观察结果进行评分分级后,探讨硬腭骨骼特征与年龄的关系。结果将硬腭骨骼特征与年龄进行相关分析,并建立硬腭判定年龄的多组回归方程,判断年龄误差最小的为4.5岁。结论本文提出的硬腭年龄判定的方法,准确性较高,在较大年龄组的个体也可以得到较好的结果,是骨骼年龄判定的一个新的实用、可靠的方法。     

海南汉族男性青少年骨骺愈合年龄的X光研究

利用X光拍片技术,对331例海南汉族男性青少年左半身各大关节的骨骺进行观察研究,找出了骨骺开始愈合、大部分愈合和完全愈合的年龄段,结果适应中国南方汉族男性青少年的“骨龄”判定,为男性青少年罪犯的年龄鉴定提供了科学依据。     

根据中国汉族男性甲状软骨推算年龄的研究

目的根据中国汉族男性甲状软骨推算年龄。方法对73例已知年龄的中国汉族男性甲状软骨进行软X线摄片和(或)X线摄片,从摄片上选择8个与年龄变化关系较为密切的观察部位,每个部位又划分成3至6个等级,然后采用多元线性回归方法,建立其推算年龄的数学模型。结果运用该方法推算男性甲状软骨年龄,其标准差为1.354,复相关系数R为0.9971。结论本方法适用于中国汉族男性甲状软骨的年龄推算,其有效力年龄范围为13-67岁。     

中国汉族男性锁骨的年龄变化

作者通过对125副已知年龄的中国汉族男性干燥锁骨的胸骨端、肩峰端及骨质表面变化等特征进行观察,找出了锁骨年龄变化的初步规律,提出锁骨年龄变化的分级评分标准。根据锁骨年龄变化的评分,应用电子计算机求出用锁骨判定年龄的回归方程,为无名尸骨的年龄判定提供了一个新的方法。     

耻骨联合面推断年龄显著偏差1例

1案例在某工地旁发现一具白骨化无名女尸。提取耻骨联合经水煮法后，联合面见嵴残痕，背侧缘腹侧斜面形成，据此推断年龄25岁左右。经侦查人员查找尸源，根据死者衣物及义齿特征认定了死者，实际年龄为36岁。2讨论此案例之所以出现年龄推断与实际差距大，笔者认为，可能受以下因素影响：⑴性别因素，女性耻骨联合面的形态变化有的较男性早3～4年，有的较男性晚7～8年，故在根据耻骨联合面鉴定年龄时应考虑性别因素，再鉴定骨龄。⑵个体各躯干骨之间的发育存在时间上的差异。本例提取的死者颅骨经水煮法后，基底缝消失，愈合处见浅沟嵴，提示…     

根据中国汉族成年男性椎体推断身长

对113具有确切生前资料记载的中国汉族成年男性的颈、胸、腰椎椎体前后高进行测量，求出了中国汉族成年男性颈、胸、腰椎椎体前后高的正常值。同时对测量数据用多元线性回归和逐步回归的方法进行统计处理，得到了16个根据颈、胸、腰椎椎体前后局测量推算身长的回归方程。复相关系数R在0．37～0．81之间，标准差在5厘米左右，有一定实用价值。     

鉴定颅骨身源的新进展——颅像重合

<正> 作者采用X线摄影法对224名(男性100名,女性124名)中国汉族成年受试者,进行颜面部标志点与颅骨的重合投影相关的规律的研究。本文从法医人类学的角度,揭示了人颜面部和其颅骨在平面投影关系上的相关规律,发现了它们之间在在着极其密切的同一性和排异性,并且发现了在人头处于不同摄影的方位角     

中国豫北地区17～78岁人群锁骨骨骺愈合情况及年龄推断

目的通过观察分析锁骨内侧骨骺的愈合情况,评价其在年龄推断中的作用。方法收集343对已知年龄和性别的尸体锁骨,以1岁为组,观察分析锁骨内侧端骨骺愈合亭台变化,根据软骨细胞失去增值能力,骺软骨骨板被骨组织所代替情况进行分级分析,对所得数据进行统计学分析,按17～30岁和31岁以上年龄分组进行比较。结果男性和女性的锁骨最早于18岁开始愈合,22岁愈合完全。完全愈合时间在男性最迟为32岁,而女性为31岁。不同性别的骨骺愈合情况在两个年龄组中存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论锁骨骨骺愈合情况随年龄的增长呈规律性变化,特别是17～32岁年龄段,根据锁骨骨骺愈合情况推断年龄,在法医学实践中有应用价值。     

Nolla法在乌鲁木齐地区维、汉未成年人群中通过牙龄推断年龄的应用

目的 评估应用Nolla法推断乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族和汉族3～16岁未成年人群年龄的适用性和准确性。方法 收集2019年～2021年新疆医科大学附属口腔医院年龄在3～16岁的乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族和汉族拍摄的全口曲面体层片1 208例，其中维吾尔族547例（男性：267例，女性：280例），汉族661例（男性：347例，女性：314例）。按照Nolla法分期标准及其提供的年龄转换表获得牙龄。将所得牙龄与生理年龄进行配对t检验。结果 维吾尔族男性平均生理年龄为（8.81±3.75）岁，女性为（9.62±3.68）岁；男性平均低估了0.06岁，女性平均低估了0.52岁；平均绝对误差（Mean Absolute Error,MAE）男、女性分别为0.70岁和0.80岁。汉族男性平均生理年龄为（9.07±3.77）岁，女性为（8.96±3.86）岁；男性平均低估了0.13岁，女性平均低估了0.64岁；MAE男、女性分别为0.69岁和0.90岁。结论 Nolla法适用于除女性15～16岁的乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族和汉族未成年人群，维吾尔族准确性高于汉族，男性较女性准确。另外，本研究提出了恒牙总成熟度-生...     

锁骨胸骨端CT扫描的法医学年龄推断

目的运用薄层胸部CT图像,观察锁骨胸骨端继发骨化中心随年龄增长的时序性变化,推测我国北方地区汉族青少年锁骨内侧骨骺发育程度在年龄增长过程中的分布特点。方法评估1369例11~27周岁的北方汉族青少年锁骨胸骨端二次骨化中心的发育情况,并将其进行分期。结果在所观察的数据中锁骨内侧骨化中心最早出现的年龄是12岁,开始融合的最小年龄是15岁,达到完全融合的最小年龄是19岁。在所有分期中,发展到Ⅱa和Ⅱb期时,两性间锁骨内侧骨化中心发育程度有差异,女性发育要早于男性。结论作为最晚愈合的骨化中心,锁骨内侧骨化中心对于法医学年龄的推断有重要的提示作用。     

颅内外骨缝推断年龄的探讨

本文报告16～92岁的140例颅骨的颅内外冠状缝、矢状缝、人字缝的愈合情况。骨缝愈合的主要影响因素为身长、颅外冠状缝右侧第3部(P相似文献   

A test of the effectiveness of the revised maxillary suture obliteration method in estimating adult age at death

The effectiveness of the original maxillary suture method for estimating age at death, introduced in 1987 by Mann and colleagues, has been tested, but their revised maxillary suture method (1991) has not been subject to similar scrutiny. The purpose of this study is to test the accuracy of the revised maxillary suture method in estimating age at death on a genetically diverse skeletal sample of 155 maxillae (96 males, 59 females, aged 26 to 100 years) of known age at death from the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Results from a prior study of the original maxillary suture method will be compared. With age category correctly estimated for 83% of this sample, the results of this study indicate that the revised method is more effective in estimating age at death than the original method. The revised method appears to perform best for older individuals and tends to underestimate age for individuals of all age groups. The results suggest that the revised method is useful as a method for age estimation when it is used conjunction with other estimators.     

Palatine Sutures as Age Indicator: A Controlled Study in the Elderly

Abstract:  Vault sutures have proven their low reliability for estimating age at death in individual forensic science cases. We broke down the palatine sutures of 134 skulls (with known sex and age at time of death) into 15 subparts and 5 stages of fusion to obtain a mean coefficient of obliteration ( C p) which was then linked to five age classes. We completed this study with multiple regression equations of total palatine suture scores. We compared our results with those obtained using the Mann method on the one hand and classically segmented and scored ectocranial suture age determination methods on the other. Palatine sutures generally do not estimate age at death any better than cranial vault sutures. Despite the partly subjective aspect of suture study, palatine suture observation contributes additional information to age-range estimation, especially in old and very old subjects where other methods lose their effectiveness.     

Utility of the Frontonasal Suture for Estimating Age at Death in Human Skeletal Remains*

Abstract: This project evaluated the utility of the frontonasal suture for estimating age at death. Utilizing human remains of known age at death with varying degrees of fusion, curated at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, data were collected from the ectocranial surface of 522 crania; 68 of these were sagittally sectioned, allowing collection of internal data and observation of suture closure through the bone. Degree of ectocranial suture closure does not significantly predict age, even when sex and ancestry are accounted for. Suture closure progression data were converted into a Hershkovitz ratio (sum of the measurement of open portion divided by the total suture length), and regression models demonstrate that the effect of age accounts for only 13% of variation in suture closure.     

Maxillary suture obliteration: a visual method for estimating skeletal age.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method of estimating the age of an individual based on obliteration of the four maxillary (palatal) sutures. A sample of 186 individuals of known age, race, and sex were examined. It was found that males of both races (black and white) exhibit more suture obliteration than females at the same age. During the early adult years, maxillary suture obliteration progresses at nearly the same rate in both sexes; however, the age of old individuals may be greatly overestimated using this method. Although this method cannot be used for exact estimates of individual age, it is valuable in establishing the age range, sorting commingled remains, and estimating skeletal age when only the maxilla is present.     

Maxillary suture obliteration: a test of the Mann method

The degree of obliteration of the maxillary sutures has recently been presented as a useful technique for predicting the age at death of adult skeletal remains. A replicative study of the method on a sample of male skeletons of verified age was undertaken to test its accuracy. Results indicated that the variability in predicted age, as reflected by the total suture score, was too great to recommend use of the method for age determination in individual forensic science cases.     

New Approaches to Age Estimation Using Palatal Suture Fusion

Palatal suture fusion has seen little testing and/or application due in part to an inadequately described relationship to formal age ranges. This study presents a modified scoring method that examines fusion on samples of modern documented adult males and compares two Bayesian approaches to age estimation. In the first analysis, American and Portuguese collections were used to derive univariate and multivariate transition analysis (TA) parameters, which combined with an informative prior, estimated age in a sample of modern Americans and Portuguese. For the second analysis, a Bayesian multiple linear regression (BMLR) used indicator statuses as the independent variables with age as the dependent variable. Highest posterior density regions (HPDRs) and highest posterior density intervals (HDI) were calculated for a holdout sample. Final age estimates for the methods were tested for accuracy using cumulative binomial tests at 75% and 90% coverages. The HPDRs from multivariate TA captured age better for younger individuals, but consistently underaged. The cumulative binomial tests on the BMLR results indicated the prediction intervals performed as expected, and we show they are narrower (more precise) and/or more accurate than the corresponding HPDR. The modified method presented here formally links palatal suture obliteration to age using two different approaches, one of which (BMLR) is new to the aging literature. The BMLR provided results free from bias and more reasonable age ranges while maintaining accuracy. We present a look-up table and a free, simple R file for users to download and run their own estimates with BMLR.     

Age-at-death estimation based on the study of frontosphenoidal sutures

Determination of age at the time of death based on the observation of cranial sutures has led to numerous studies with sometimes contradictory results. The initial hypothesis being that suture closure is part of an age-related physiological process, the conflicting results have been interpreted by various authors as secondary to the choice of sutures, under the co-existing influence of pathological factors or genetic factors, or even independent of age. Despite these differences, macroscopic methods remain much used in anthropology and in forensic medicine. In our work, we evaluated the value of the degree of closure of the frontosphenoidal suture in estimating age at death of mature subjects, with the secondary objective of establishing a linear regression which could be used in routine practice. The study concerned bone specimens from individuals whose age, sex and medical history were known. Macroscopic observation was carried out on the ectocranial and endocranial sides according to four stages of closure previously defined. 290 sutures were taken from a population of whom two-thirds were men. The method can be repeated and reproduced and the regression established shows the confidence range for average error to be +/-1.5 years. While this result is of interest in terms of precision in prediction for a group of people, the prediction range is too great (+/-23 years) to be applicable to a single individual as part of a forensic procedure.     

Ossification Degrees of Cranial Sutures Determined with Flat‐Panel Computed Tomography: Narrowing the Age Estimate with Extrema

Abstract: Since Broca’s time (1824–1880), ossification of the neurocranial sutures has been used as a characteristic of age. Current approaches include the visual macroscopic examination of ecto and endocranial sutures. The evaluation of the cross‐section of sutures usually necessitates the destruction of the neurocranium. In a nondestructive alternative approach that was tested within the context of the “Digital Forensic Osteology” project that ran in cooperation with the Virtopsy^®‐Project, it emerged that the resolution of conventional multi‐slice computed tomography data sets was not high enough to image sutures. Thus for the experiments presented here, the eXplore Locus Ultra flat‐panel computed tomography scanner from GE Healthcare was used. Calottes were scanned during autopsy and then immediately returned to the corpse. So far, the skullcaps of 221 individuals have been scanned. The cross‐sections of 14 suture segments could be assessed for seven previously defined stages of ossification. In a converse step, the 14 highest and lowest age estimate values corresponding to the individual stages of suture closure found were estimated for each calotte. The obtained ranges narrowing down the age estimate were evaluated with statistics. A mean value of 43.31 years for the range of narrowed age estimates shows that this method can be a useful aid in estimating age. The results of intra‐ and inter‐observer tests showed good overall agreement between the findings of three observers. This method is suitable for a nondestructive age estimation and can be used for the entire calotte.