菲律宾农业的衰落与政府的对策

菲律宾作为“绿色革命”的策源地之一 ,其农业曾在 60 - 70年代取得过较快的发展。自 70年代初期起 ,政府在土地改革、垄断经营、保护贸易等方面的政策出现了失误 ,降低了农业生产的活力 ,从而使其走向衰落。本文对引起菲律宾农业衰落的原因加以分析探讨 ,并论述近年来政府为振兴农业所采取的举措。     

“一带一路”背景下的中非粮食安全合作：战略对接与路径选择

进入21世纪以来,全球粮食供给状况得到较大改善,而非洲地区粮食安全状况严峻,是世界上唯一粮食不足人口持续上升的大陆。为此,非洲国家提出旨在通过发展农业消除饥饿与贫困的农业发展战略——《非洲农业综合发展计划》,它现已成为国际社会与非洲农业与粮食安全合作的政策文件。基于《非洲农业综合发展计划》,中国应把保障非洲国家的粮食安...     

湖南省粮食和物资储备局:擦亮湖南粮油名片全力推进粮食和物资赭备事业高质量发展

党的十八大以来,湖南省粮食和物资储备系统认真落实习近平总书记关于粮食安全工作的重要论述.积极贯彻国家粮食安全新战略,抓好粮食收储工作,提升粮食经济效能和粮食产业质量,在全面落实粮食安全省长责任制、稳妥推进稻谷收储制度改革、严格政策性库存粮食监管、深入实施湖南“优质粮油工程”、积极推进区域公共品牌建设等方面取得良好成效,粮食和物资储备工作为全省经济社会高质量发展提供了有力支撑,赢得国家粮食和物资储备局和省委、省政府主要领导充分肯定。     

新形势下乌兹别克斯坦粮食安全问题：缘由、演变和制约因素

粮食事关国运民生，粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础。当前，全球粮食安全形势严峻复杂，国际粮价高位震荡，全球饥饿人口持续上升，地区社会动荡等次生危害加剧。在此背景下，中亚粮食安全问题再度突显，作为该地区人口最多的农业大国乌兹别克斯坦尤甚。一直以来，粮食问题贯穿于乌国农业乃至整个经济发展进程当中。独立30多年来，乌国基本实现了粮食自给自足，粮食安全保障水平明显提升。当前，全球经济发展疲软，国际局势风高浪急，极端天气频发，乌国粮食安全也面临诸多风险与挑战。乌国政府采取有效措施积极应对，虽基本解决了粮食供给问题，但俄乌冲突的爆发与持续又给乌兹别克斯坦粮食安全走势带来了极大的不确定性，走出粮食安全困境仍受到内生性和外源性两大方面因素的制约。     

农业部关于表扬2013年全国粮食生产先进单位和先进个人的决定 农农发[2013]6号

各省、自治区、直辖市农业（农牧、农村经济）、农机、农垦厅（委、局、办），黑龙江省农垦总局，新疆生产建设兵团农业局：党中央、国务院高度重视粮食生产，不断加大政策扶持力度。各级农业部门务实创新、扎实工作，广大农民群众不辞辛劳、默默耕耘，产粮大市大县讲政治顾大局、产量多商品量大，为实现粮食连年增产、保障国家粮食安全作出了重要...     

日本农业支持政策及对中国的启示

日本通过农业支持政策对农业实施保护,其保护程度在发达国家中是比较高的。日本的农业支持政策经过了高关税、严格价格控制、农业经济协调发展、注重生态保护4个阶段。现行的农业支持政策存在粮食管制制度严格、关税保护政策引发的利益损失、农协负面作用等问题,目前正通过发放专项补助、改变农业结构、改进农协功能等措施对现行农业支持政策进行改革。研究日本的农业支持政策,将对中国有重要的启示作用。     

生产、贸易与储备:东南亚粮食安全与中国—东盟粮食合作

作为世界上人口最为稠密的地区之一,东南亚各国历来高度关注粮食安全问题,东南亚既有世界主要粮食出口大国,也有世界主要粮食进口大国,粮食安全在地区安全中的地位至关重要.东南亚主要粮食出口国通过一系列举措,着力发展大米生产,渐次形成了本国粮食生产的比较优势,但由于缺乏成熟的粮食储备体系,其在粮食储备方面并不能满足粮食安全保障的需要;主要粮食进口国通过大力发展海上贸易,构建起以粮食进口贸易为主导的粮食安全保障体系,但由于长期偏重经济增长而忽视粮食生产,生产不足成为其保障粮食安全的最大短板.作为东南亚国家的近邻,中国在粮食安全保障方面与其具有很强的互补性,双方具备加强粮食安全合作的基础.此外,中国要从东南亚各国的粮食安全状况形成过程中借鉴经验、吸取教训,构建集粮食生产、贸易和储备于一体的粮食安全保障体系.     

美国促进农业出口政策机制研究

本文以美国农业出口促进政策机制为研究对象,分析美国如何通过政策和制度培育了农业出口竞争力,并使美国农业在金融危机和经济衰退的大背景下仍然保持持续增长。促进农业出口是美国"国家出口计划"的重要组成部分。美国的农业出口促进政策既包括以保护农业为目标的直接补贴政策,也包括以推动贸易扩大出口为导向的自由贸易协定谈判策略。美国政府为促进农业出口实施的具体项目计划从根本上满足了农业出口商的需要,而农业贸易融资和风险保障等则为农业出口提供了有效市场化运作的保障机制。美国农业出口增长仍将延续,新兴经济体为美国农业出口提供了巨大潜在市场。稳定农业、创造就业和确保粮食安全也是美国经济复苏计划的重要内容。     

俄罗斯的农业体制改革

农业问题历来是前苏联和当今俄罗斯关心的焦点之一,光在苏联时期农业体制先后就经历了五次改革。第一次是在列宁领导下进行土地改革,消灭封建农奴土地所有制,建立农民土地所有制,并实施新经济政策。第二次是斯大林搞了农业集体化运动,建立高度集中的管理体制。第三次是赫鲁晓夫加强农业投入,开垦处女地和改组农业管理。第四次是勃列日涅     

乌兹别克斯坦农业改革进程及其绩效

乌兹别克斯坦农业改革分为两个阶段。第一阶段重点改组国营农场和在集体农场内部实行农户承租土地的政策,农户按国家规定的定额定价指标完成农产品交售义务。由于多种原因,农民的生产积极性受到抑制和挫伤,农产品产量呈下降局面。第二阶段改革(1998年土地改革),明确了土地使用权形式,农民生产积极性提高,农业生产出现转机。     

Locating Kaliningrad And KÖNigsberg In Russian And German Collective Identity Discourses And Political Symbolism In The 750Th Anniversary Celebrations Of 2005

This article begins by briefly exploring issues of conflict and control in relation to the 750th anniversary of the city of Kaliningrad/Königsberg. An analysis of the tensions between Russian regional (Kaliningrad) and national (federal) identity discourses on the political symbolism of the 750th anniversary commemoration is offered, using Russian media reports and interviews conducted in Kaliningrad. German narratives on the political symbolism of the anniversary events and their implications for German national identity discourses are investigated via interviews conducted in Kaliningrad and Germany, German media reports, books, films and a theater production about Königsberg. Particular attention is given to the impact of the German expellee organizations on framing the discourse about Königsberg in contemporary Germany. The article will conclude by comparing and contrasting the various discourses and interpretations of the anniversary in the Kaliningrad region, Russia and Germany.     

'Adorned with the Mix of Faith and Profanity that Intoxicates the People': The Festival of the Senhor do Bonfim in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 1930–19541

This essay looks at a formative period in the history of the festival of the Senhor do Bonfim, one of Salvador's most important religious festivals. The essay focuses on the public ritual washing of the Church of Bonfim and the tensions between the Catholic Church, who periodically banned the washing from the larger festival, and a variety of historical actors including politicians, journalists, authors and working-class Salvadorans whose efforts eventually contributed to the lifting of the prohibition once and for all in 1953. The author suggests that the defence of the washing both reflected and contributed to a larger hegemonic process taking place in Salvador after 1930, as actors within Salvador's dominant class accepted and even praised Afro-Bahian cultural practices, including them as integral parts of a larger Bahian identity.     

The FBI's Role in Expelling Germans from Ecuador During the 1940s

The expulsion from Latin America of immigrants from axis countries and their descendants is an important but little‐studied episode of the Second World War. The role of the US, and in particular that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their removal has largely disappeared from historical memory. This article examines how the FBI advanced US commercial interests, and in the process harmed vulnerable people who were subject to these expulsions.     

INDIA’S DEMONETISATION: MODI’S ‘NUDGE’ TO CHANGE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

This article offers an account of the impact of Indian PM Narendra Modi’s decision in November 2016 to withdraw suddenly all Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes from circulation in India with the avowed intent of combatting fraud, tax avoidance and other economic problems. The article assesses the impact from the demonetisation in November to the March 2017 Indian regional elections, where wide-scale victories for Modi’s political party, the BJP, appear to have vindicated his reforms. The article provides an analysis of the political background of the period, as well as looking at the economic and societal impact of the changes, including the way in which the behaviour of Indian citizens has been ‘nudged’ with particular regard to use of banking, transactions, social effects, and payment of tax.     

The Health of the Rurality: The Encuesta de Folklore and Popular Healing Practices in Tucumán, 1921

This article examines healing practices among the rural inhabitants of Tucumán in the opening quarter of the twentieth century through a reading of the 1921 National Folklore Survey. It argues that popular medical practices, referred to as curanderismos (popular healing), continued into the twentieth century not only as cultural practice of the popular classes but as necessity due to limited investments in public health in the rural regions on the part of the national and provincial government.     

DROUGHT: THE ACHILLES HEEL OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

Approximately 97% of the country is experiencing drought conditions. Due to gross water mismanagement and its damaging impact on the country, Iran faces the worst situation in water resources of any industrialized nation. Tens of thousands of villages have been deserted and most of the major urban centers have passed their limits to absorb new rural migrants. Some officials predict that in less than 25 years, 50 million Iranians would be displaced from their current homes because of the pressing ecological conditions. This is happening at the time that the gap between the grassroots and the state has widened and there is increasing dissatisfaction with governance plagued by corruption, nepotism, economic mismanagement, unaccountability and a foreign policy which has produced various regional and trans-regional adversaries. This paper evaluates the pressing ecological challenges in Iran and by conceptualizing political resilience it critically evaluates whether the Islamic Republic is prepared to face the devastating ecological crisis and its socio-economic consequences.     

MYANMAR: RELIGIOUS MINORITIES AND CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTIONS

This article examines the experience of religious minorities in Myanmar between 2011 and 2017 in the context of the 2008 constitution and a new system of governance. It highlights the precarity of religious minorities and argues that neither the constitution nor the state were reliable sources of protection or redress during this period. The first section considers the multiple identities of religious minorities with regard to citizenship and national belonging. The second section elucidates how an enabling environment for Buddhist nationalism emerged and what types of actions state and non-state actors have taken with regard to religious minorities. The final section addresses the 2008 constitution and rule of law in Myanmar in order to understand the challenges for religious minorities in securing justice and protection.