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1.
The Denial of Virtue 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amitai Etzioni 《Society》2008,45(1):12-19
When a New York City man risked his own life to save a stranger on the subway tracks, the New York Times interpreted his behavior
not in terms of virtue but as a product of certain ‘hard-wiring’ he happened to possess. In denying virtue, the Times followed
a school of thought that is pervasive in social science (referred to in this paper as the ‘individualists’) who, for example,
explain charitable donations by pointing out tax deductions, explain volunteer work by revealing the opportunities contained
therein to meet other singles, and so on. Actually, the assumptions and arguments which ground this widespread ‘denial of
virtue’ are both empirically and normatively flawed, and the theory itself is belied by data about people doing good for moral
reasons. Evidence drawn from personal introspection, from empirical studies of human behavior, from analysis of voting as
a civil act, from interpreting peoples’ reaction to Alzheimer’s disease, from critical inspection of the logic of ‘individualist’
social explanations, and from a normative criticism of the products of the ‘individualist’ approach all support a rejection
of the ‘individualist’ approach. The deniers of virtue should heed the evidence and pay mind to the amoralizing consequences
of their erroneous theories.
相似文献
Amitai EtzioniEmail: |
2.
The Age of Geoeconomics, China’s Global Role, and Prospects of Cross-Strait Integration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
James C. Hsiung 《Journal of Chinese Political Science》2009,14(2):113-133
After noting the rise of geoeconomics in the post-Cold War era, the paper ascertains how the age of geoeconomics re-defines
power and the rules of the balance of power game. Of particular significance is that a nation’s economic security eclipses
its military security (or traditional national defense). In this context, I examine the meanings of the rise of a re-ascendant
China for world politics in general and for Taiwan’s future in particular. Considering Taiwan’s heavy dependence on imported
natural resources and its isolation and exclusion from vital international economic groupings, such as FTA’s. ASEAN, ASEM,
and the 16-nation Asian super economic bloc in the marking. Finally, I take a prospective look at the prospect of a future
cross-Strait integration between Taiwan and mainland China under the impact of the dictate of geoeconomics.
James C. Hsiung is Professor of Politics, at New York University, in New York, N.Y. His teaching and research interests are in international politics theory, international governance, international law, and international relations of Asia. 相似文献
James C. HsiungEmail: |
James C. Hsiung is Professor of Politics, at New York University, in New York, N.Y. His teaching and research interests are in international politics theory, international governance, international law, and international relations of Asia. 相似文献
3.
The case of the erased residents of Slovenia – when approximately 18,000 people who were mostly of Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian
ethnicity, were erased from the permanent residence registry of the Republic of Slovenia – represents one of the most severe
cases of administrative ethnic/racial discrimination and human rights violations in the post-communist East and Central Europe
outside the conflict area. The erasure caused “civil death” of the people who were affected by the measure, depriving them
of civil, political, social, and economic rights. In 2007, 4 years after the 2003 Constitutional Court decision, declaring
the 1992 erasure an unconstitutional act of the state and requiring the legislator to adopt measures to reinstate the statuses
of the erased people, the problem remains unsolved and unaddressed both systemically and individually, and the situation of
erasure persists. This article presents the case and analyses of the framework that made the erasure possible in terms of
the preparation of the majority of Slovenes to accept and even support the violations and politicians to renounce their political
responsibility to those who have lost the right to have rights.
This article is based on the insights of the research project Contemporary Citizenship: Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion (2000–2003) led by Vlasta Jalušič. The analysis of the case of erased was published in Jasminka Dedić, Vlasta Jalušič, and
Jelka Zorn (eds.), The Erased: Organized Innocence and the Politics of Exclusion, translated from Slovenian by Olga Vuković and Marjana Karer (Ljubljana: Peace Institute, 2003), at . The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewer for the extensive and most helpful comments.
相似文献
Vlasta Jalušič (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jasminka DedićEmail: |
4.
In the traditional formulation of rent-seeking games, increasing returns to effort are characterized by an exponent r>1. However, when the value of the rent is normalized to 1, the players’ effort levels A and B will typically be less than 1. Thus, when A<1 and r>1, the value of A r decreases as r increases, contradicting the interpretation of r>1 as representing increasing returns to effort. This apparent defect in the mathematization of the problem seems to suggest that a different interpretation of r is required whenever A<1, upsetting the uniformity and elegance of the model. In this short note, we demonstrate that the perceived problem is illusory, and that the usual interpretation of r is satisfactory for all values of A. 相似文献
5.
Mick Green 《Policy Sciences》2007,40(1):55-71
Since the election in 1997 of a New Labour Government in the United Kingdom, a growing number of analyses have provided insights
into, and critiques of, what has been termed the “social investment state”. To date, these analyses have interrogated particular
developments and distinct issues in a number of key social welfare policy-related sectors, including education, citizenship,
the family, and poverty/employment. Notable by its absence, however, is the contribution that policies for sport and physical
activity are now playing in the realisation of New Labour’s social investment strategies. This article therefore interrogates
and registers the growing salience of sport policy interventions for the construction of a social investment state within
the broader political context of governing under “advanced liberal” rationalities. The “active citizen”, and children and
young people, in particular, are valorised and appear centre-stage as the focus for these interventions. This child-centred
focus is problematised, as is the argument that, under prevailing political rationalities of advanced liberalism, government
“steers” rather than “rows” and “enables” rather than “commands”. Under these conditions, while children are deemed deserving
of investment, there may be other groups who are deemed less deserving, for example, older people who, unlike children and
young people have little currency in a future-oriented world.
相似文献
Mick GreenEmail: |
6.
Joseph E. Davis 《Society》2008,45(3):270-276
The meanings and implications of cultural relativism have been debated for decades. Reprising this debate, Roger Sandall offers
a pointed critique of the anthropological concept of culture and identifies relativism as the internal and corrosive enemy
of the open society. I challenge his reading of our predicament. Considering the work of Franz Boas and his debts to the philosopher
Johann Gottfried Herder, I distance the social science concept of culture from positions—the rejection of standards of truth,
beauty, and morality; the belief that cultural value systems and practices are all equally true (or untrue); the valorization
of primitivism—that are not intrinsic to it. Next, I consider the use of culture in the “philosophy of primitivism” and its
meanings in multiculturalism and identity politics. I argue that many ostensibly relativist claims are used to serve non-relativist
agendas, or hide universalistic claims in unstated but essential premises and background assumptions. Rather than a world
dominated by relativism, where cultural differences are held to be inviolable and cross-cultural judgments have been rendered
impossible, I see something like the reverse. Our problem is not that we overvalue cultural differences but that we underestimate
them. Even in our multiculturalism, we imagine a sameness of outlook and aspiration, an unwitting projection of ourselves
in the end.
相似文献
Joseph E. DavisEmail: |
7.
Howard L. Kaye 《Society》2008,45(2):152-154
Eugene Goodheart provides an eloquent defense of the non-literalist, religious imagination before the aggressive atheism of
several of today’s leading neo-Darwinists. But the position that he takes—that science and religion represent “complementary
perspectives” serving different, yet equally permanent needs—is undermined by two fundamental problems. First, the claim that
science can only tell us how the natural world works, while religion offers meaning, value, and moral guidance, may hold true
when science is understood on the model of mathematical physics, but not when evolutionary biology and its derivatives are
considered. Even Stephen Jay Gould, whose famous defense of science and religion as “nonoverlappling magisteria” resembles
Goodheart’s, acknowledges that the case of evolutionary biology is profoundly different. Here evolutionary fact and moral
values bleed together obscuring the boundary between science and religion. Second, religion and legacy of the religious imagination
embedded in our culture, lose their ability to provide meaning, morals, and consolation when core elements of religious teaching
are no longer believed to be true.
相似文献
Howard L. KayeEmail: |
8.
Joel Kovel John Barry Tim Stroshane Maarten de Kadt George Martin 《Capitalism Nature Socialism》2013,24(1):146-154
Arran Gare: NIHILISM, INC.: Environmental Destruction and the Metaphysics of Sustainability. Como, New South Wales, Australia: Eco‐Logical Press, 1996. David Harvey: Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. David Macauley, editor: Minding Nature: The Philosophers of Ecology. New York: The Guilford Press, 1996. Daniel M. Herman and John T. O'Connor: Who Owns the Sun? People, Politics, and the Struggle for a Solar Economy. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 1996. Harold Crooks: Giants of Garbage: The Rise of the Global Waste Industry and the Politics of Pollution Control. Toronto: Lorimer, 1993 Sudhir Chella Rajan: The Enigma of Automobility: Democratic Politics and Pollution Control. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996. Garrett Hardin: Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 相似文献
9.
Munmun Jha 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(2):205-218
This paper portrays the nature of child workers in India and seeks to understand its many complexities. It looks at the definition
of child labour, the extent of its prevalence, the reasons why children work, and the occupations they are engaged in. It
outlines India’s position on international obligations, its expanding domestic laws, and the tardy implementation of these
laws. It examines some of the inherent cultural constraints and the role of values and beliefs in perpetuating child labour.
It analyses the relationship between education and child workers, and a possible solution in the form of compulsory education.
The paper emphasises that child workers in India are from the marginalized sections and do not work out of choice. It stresses
that this phenomenon is, above all, a problem for the children. The paper concludes by advocating the need to discard attitudes
that are discriminatory or rationalise abuse, and the need to adopt a rights-based, child-centred approach to counter the
increasing number of child workers.
相似文献
Munmun JhaEmail: |
10.
Michael Delaney 《Society》2008,45(1):53-61
David Riesman, the Harvard sociologist, rose to eminence in the 1950s as one of America’s most influential “public intellectuals,”
gaining renown as principal author of the must-read sociological classic of the time, The Lonely Crowd. In that work, Riesman accounted for something of a sea-change in American life, marked by his famous distinction between
inner-directed and other-directed character-types, and in such a convincing fashion that the book became a watershed in post-war
America’s understanding of itself. Beyond that, Riesman continued to carry out urbane studies of a wide-ranging array of subjects,
all the while actively engaged in the major political–ideological–ethical controversies and torments of his time. As something
of a principled yet reasoned “Establishmentarian” contrarian, Riesman extended the work of such incisive social thinkers as
Tocqueville, Max Weber, Veblen, and George Orwell. In this personal appreciation, Michael Delaney charts his acquaintanceship
with Riesman, going back to the early 1960s (Riesman acted as a kind of mentor to Delaney at a distance; the two never met
in person and their association was carried on solely through letters spanning some three decades). The essay surveys Riesman’s
intellectual legacy as a self-conceived ethnographer of American life, and dwells on his “exceptionalism” as a generous, caring,
high-minded man of principle, discerning judgment, and exemplary character.
相似文献
Michael DelaneyEmail: |
11.
Lejla Hadzic 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(1):137-151
The Dayton General Framework Agreement for Peace of late 1995 brought a ceasefire and an end to the killings in Bosnia. More
than 11 years after its signing, some of Dayton’s outlined aims for Bosnia remain unfulfilled or realized with mixed results.
Late in 2005, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Dayton, leading world political figures raved about the successes
of Dayton, but the immediate calls for the reform of Constitution included in the Dayton agreement, which followed the praise,
are perhaps a better indicator of the Agreement’s shortfalls in transitioning the Bosnian society from war to peace and subsequently
creating a functioning state since its signing. The outlined aims of Dayton were undoubtedly ambitious. This article will
examine the successes and failures of Dayton, within the framework of its own aims and jurisdiction – which themselves, in
the process, evolved and changed – to protect human rights with respect to the freedom of movement, the return of refugees,
and the war crime indictments.
相似文献
Lejla HadzicEmail: |
12.
《The Political quarterly》2003,74(4):513-528
Books reviewed Robert Kagan. , Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order, John Dumbrell., A Special Relationship: Anglo‐American Relations in the Cold War and After Peter Busch, All the Way with JFK? Britain, the US, and the Vietnam War Sudhir Hazareesingh, Intellectual Founders of the Republic: Five Studies in Nineteenth‐Century French Political Thought Sudhir Hazareesingh. (ed.), The Jacobin Legacy in Modern France Hugh Roberts, The Battlefield: Algeria 1988–2002. Studies in a Broken Polity Debbie Cox, Politics, Language, and Gender in the Algerian Arabic Novel Bernard Mommer, Global Oil and the Nation State Iain Byrne, Pauline Ngan and Stuart Weir. Politico's, Democracy under Blair: A Democratic Audit of the United Kingdom Stephen Driver and Luke Martel, Blair's Britain Paul F. Jankowski, Stavisky: A Confidence Man in the Republic of Virtue Richard T. Evans, Telling Lies about Hitler: The Holocaust, History and the David Irving Trial Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair 相似文献
13.
Balancing alternatives and avoiding false dichotomies to make informed U.S. electricity policy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Recent events highlight the importance of electric energy policy and how to meet growing electricity demand. Price spikes,
global climate change and other environmental concerns, national security threats, an aging infrastructure, and a restructured
industry with mixed results are challenges that policy makers and the industry must address. Given the capital-intensive nature
of the industry, investment decisions will determine in large part how successfully these challenges are met. One paper that
favors energy efficiency, renewable energy, and small-scale distributed generation is examined in detail to test the proposition
that fossil fuel and nuclear power should be part of the mix of new investments. To determine the future electricity resource
mix requires having a complete and informed picture of the relative costs and benefits of various technologies. The levels
of energy efficiency, renewable resources, and distributed generation can and should be increased, but coal and nuclear generation
investments are also likely to be needed.
相似文献
Ruthanne HautEmail: |
14.
Lenn E. Goodman 《Society》2009,46(1):29-37
Against the background of prophetic and rabbinic thought and action, where ideas of God and the good allowed morality and
spirituality to inform one another, Goodman considers the role of public intellectuals today. He cites the expanding electronic
media for lengthening the reach and broadening the franchise but narrowing the gaze and the audience of those intellectuals
who seek a public role and warns against oversimplification, shrillness, and the hazards of the echo chamber, where pigeonholing
and niche marketing shrink one’s audience to the already convinced.
相似文献
Lenn E. GoodmanEmail: |
15.
Josiah McC. Heyman 《Society》2009,46(5):412-415
Immigration is related to widening inequality and insecurity in the United States, but it is not the main cause of such changes
and to focus on the host/immigrant conflict diverts attention from many different elite projects that have widened inequality.
Moral arguments about immigration cannot just address outsiders who only want to get into nations, but must address the moral
situation of people in the process of entry and especially of insider/outsiders, people already in. Over the long run, civic
nationalism is a healthier model than exclusionary biological or cultural fundamentalist definitions of the national community.
Josiah Heyman is Professor of Anthropology and Chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Texas at El Paso. He is the author or editor of three books and author of over 50 scholarly articles, book chapters, and essays. He can be contacted at jmheyman@utep.edu. 相似文献
Josiah McC. HeymanEmail: |
Josiah Heyman is Professor of Anthropology and Chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Texas at El Paso. He is the author or editor of three books and author of over 50 scholarly articles, book chapters, and essays. He can be contacted at jmheyman@utep.edu. 相似文献
16.
Nico Stehr 《Society》2008,45(1):62-67
Nothing effects modern society more than the decisions made in the market place, especially (but not only) the judgments of
consumers. The designation of market relations in modern societies as the “moralization of the markets” represents a novel
stage in the social evolution of markets. Market theories still widely in use today emerged in a society that no longer exists.
Today, growing affluence, greater knowledge, and hi-speed communication among consumers builds into the marketplace notions
of fairness, solidarity, environment, health, and political considerations imbued with a long-term perspective that can disrupt
short-term pursuits of the best buy. Importantly, such social goals, individual apprehensions, and models of consumer conduct
become inscribed in products and services offered in the marketplace, as well as in the rules and regulations that govern
market relations.
相似文献
Nico StehrEmail: |
17.
The authors develop a new multi-level streams model in order to explain the Chinese decision-making process with regards to
the top-down allocation of resources and administrative reforms. Using this policy model, the 2005 decision to upgrade the
Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA) to the national level can be regarded as a relatively rational choice with a series of interaction
of political processes among the elites at the central and local levels such as the local officials and social elites, and
central leaders. However, in the administrative system of economic development, there are disagreements and conflicts among
different parts within and outside the TBNA. The central and the Tianjin governments are now trying to coordinate the relationship
among local governments within the Circum-Bohai Region and within the TBNA through structural reform and personnel reshuffling.
Xufeng Zhu is an associate professor at the Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, and a Yenching Visiting Scholar at the Harvard Yenching Institute, Harvard University. His current research interests involve the study of the Chinese policy process, China’s think tanks, policy analyses, and social stratification in transitional China. His recent publications appear in Social Sciences in China (in Chinese), Policy Sciences, Public Administration and Development, and Asian Survey, to name a few. He is also the author of a forthcoming book entitled China’s Think Tanks: The Research on Their Influences in the Policy Process (in Chinese). Bing Sun is an assistant professor at the Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University. His current research interests involve the study of China urban and regional public administration. His recent publication is Regional Coordination Organization and Regional Governance (in Chinese). 相似文献
Xufeng ZhuEmail: |
Xufeng Zhu is an associate professor at the Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, and a Yenching Visiting Scholar at the Harvard Yenching Institute, Harvard University. His current research interests involve the study of the Chinese policy process, China’s think tanks, policy analyses, and social stratification in transitional China. His recent publications appear in Social Sciences in China (in Chinese), Policy Sciences, Public Administration and Development, and Asian Survey, to name a few. He is also the author of a forthcoming book entitled China’s Think Tanks: The Research on Their Influences in the Policy Process (in Chinese). Bing Sun is an assistant professor at the Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University. His current research interests involve the study of China urban and regional public administration. His recent publication is Regional Coordination Organization and Regional Governance (in Chinese). 相似文献
18.
This article outlines the recent development of Chinese political studies spawned by the transformation of Chinese politics
in the post-Mao era, with its focus mainly on contributions from the Chinese scholarship. After a close examination of the
applicability of the western theories on the transforming politics in China, it reviews the indigenous methodologies, the
theorizations on the Chinese Communist Party, the state-society relationship analysis, and research on the central-local relationship.
Referring to the original works in different periods, the article generally portrays the indigenous contributions of the Chinese
academia, and illustrates the essential connections between real politics and theoretical progress.
Yang Guangbin PhD, Professor in the Department of Political Science at Renmin University of China. Professor Yang’s research areas include comparative institutional analysis, the political economy of China, institutions of governance, regulatory state, democratic politics, political development, Chinese domestic political economy and foreign relations. Li Miao a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at Renmin University of China. His research interests include political development, state-society relationship, and religion & politics, with a particular emphasis on the Church-State relations in contemporary China. 相似文献
Guangbin YangEmail: |
Yang Guangbin PhD, Professor in the Department of Political Science at Renmin University of China. Professor Yang’s research areas include comparative institutional analysis, the political economy of China, institutions of governance, regulatory state, democratic politics, political development, Chinese domestic political economy and foreign relations. Li Miao a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at Renmin University of China. His research interests include political development, state-society relationship, and religion & politics, with a particular emphasis on the Church-State relations in contemporary China. 相似文献
19.
Marta Selinger 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(1):15-27
The protection of rights of freedom of speech and assembly for gays and lesbians in Poland has come under greater international
scrutiny because of the mismanagement of peaceful demonstrations throughout Poland in 2005. An overview and context of the
political, economic, and social transformation of Poland in the 1990s shows a flourish of activity among gays and lesbians
as the economic and political spheres open, as well as weaker law enforcement during the rapid change to capitalism and democracy.
Although society has opened dramatically and tolerance has grown recently, the concept of protecting minority rights for gays
and lesbians in Poland continues to be weak in public opinion, laws, and the top sources of opinion.
相似文献
Marta SelingerEmail: |
20.
The United States Supreme Court, in its 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges decision, declared a constitutional right to same-sex marriage (SSM). With Republicans now controlling the Congress and presidency, and with value-traditionalists and ‘strict’ constitutionalists influencing the party’s legislative agenda and judicial nominees, Obergefell’s future and the contours of SSM rights are uncertain. Proponents assume the decision will delegitimate opponents, just as Loving v. Virginia (1967) accelerated the delegitimation of racial segregationists. SSM opponents counter with the Court’s 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling and argue that, like Roe, Obergefell undermines the democratic process, which is better suited to resolve a highly-charged moral dispute. Like Roe, Obergefell will not resolve the debate but, instead, trigger a durable opposition. We add a third possible path, drawing on the evolving public discourse on polygamy since the Supreme Court upheld prohibitions in Reynolds v. United States (1878). The politics of polygamy shows that, if SSM opponents are delegitimated, they may reemerge as legitimate participants in the public sphere. These paths offer insights into uncertainties, contingencies, and predictions regarding the durability of SSM resistance and other oppositional movements. They also lead to revisionist interpretations of the effect on public discourse flowing from these three seminal court decisions. The politics of interracial marriage (after Loving) shunned the losing political faction from the public forum, while those of abortion (after Roe), and, recently, polygamy, illustrate a more vibrant, pluralist model of deliberation. Whether SSM opponents will mimic a Roe model, or follow the trajectory of Loving or Reynolds, is now the question. 相似文献