微表情对男女青年谎言识别能力的影响

本研究编制了"谎言识别能力测验",要求参加实验的每位被试(大学生)接受2(真话/谎话)*3(正性情绪/中性情绪/负性情绪)的因素实验处理。根据研究结果,我们发现,大学生具有一定的谎言识别能力,他们对谎话的识别正确率高于对真话的识别正确率;其中包含情绪线索的谎言片段更容易被识别,尤以正性情绪线索下,识别正确率最高;男性的微表情识别能力与其谎言识别正确率之间存在显著正相关;微表情训练工具可以显著提高被试的微表情识别能力,和女性相比,这种提高会更加有利于男性的识谎判断。     

大学生人际信任与主观幸福感关系的研究

通过对600名大学生的调查,考察了大学生人际信任与主观幸福感的关系。结果表明:1)男、女大学生在依靠性、信赖、生活满意、正性情感、负性情感等5个维度上存在显著差异;而在可预测性、生命活力、健康关注、利他行为、自我价值、友好关系、人格成长等7个维度上没有显著差异。2)是否独生子女在可预测性、依靠性、信赖、生活满意、正性情感、负性情感、利他行为、自我价值、友好关系等9个维度上存在显著差异;在生命活力、健康关注、人格成长等3个维度上不存在显著差异。3)可预测性、依靠性、依赖3个维度分别与生活满意、正性情感、负性情感、生命活力、利他行为、自我价值、友好关系、人格成长等8个维度存在显著相关,与健康关注等1个维度不存在显著相关。     

浅析《指南》背景下幼儿学习品质的培养

教育部在颁布的《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》中明确指出应重视幼儿的学习品质。学习品质指的是能反映儿童自己以多种方式进行学习的倾向、态度、习惯、风格。因此,本文提出培养幼儿良好学习品质的策略:明确目标,重视幼儿良好的学习品质的培养;完善内容,全方位培养幼儿良好的学习品质;丰富形式,多途径培养幼儿良好的学习品质。以期能促进幼儿良好学习品质的养成,促进幼儿的终生学习与发展。     

大学生人格特征与网络成瘾:情绪调节的中介作用

采用问卷测量法,以276名大学生为对象,从人格特质和情绪调节方面入手对网络成瘾进行研究,结果表明:(1)人格特质对大学生网络成瘾有直接而显著的影响,精神质、神经质人格特质对网络成瘾有正向预测作用,外倾性人格特质对网络成瘾有负向预测作用;(2)不同人格特质的大学生在使用情绪调节策略时也有稳定差异,表达抑制策略对网络成瘾有正向预测作用;(3)表达抑制策略的使用在外倾性和神经质对网络成瘾的影响具有中介作用。     

早期家庭教育应重视幼儿积极情绪的培养

积极情绪有利于幼儿身心的健康发展以及个人的成长,但是在目前的早期家庭教育中,幼儿积极情绪的培养并没有引起家长足够的重视.早期家庭教育应该重视对幼儿积极情绪的培养,早期的情绪教育应该是一种预防性和发展性的教育,而不是在孩子出现情绪问题和障碍之后采取的补偿性措施.     

浅谈通过审美教育培养幼儿的创新能力

在提高幼儿对事物的敏锐性方面,要帮助幼儿养成观察美好事物的浓厚兴趣,让他们学会从不同角度观察事物,要注意观察事物的细节,要通过对美好事物的描绘提高他们观察事物的敏锐性。在提高幼儿的应变能力方面,要让他们学会冷静地对待事物,学会忍耐,要善于在复杂的事物中把握关键性环节,要注意方法的灵活性。在通过审美教育培养幼儿的能力方面,要通过审美教育激发幼儿的求知欲和好奇心,注意培养其思维的流畅性、变通性和独创性,注意培养求异思维。通过审美创造意识的强化和成果的不断积累,既有益于培养幼儿的向善意识,又对他们步入青年和成年后将审美创造转化为科技创造具有积极的引导和促进作用。     

一例因婚前性行为引发情绪困扰的案例分析

因情爱问题而引发的情绪困扰是当代大学生常见的心理问题。在一例女大学生与男友发生性关系而导致其情绪焦虑、抑郁的心理咨询过程中,咨询师有针对性地制定了减少及消除其负性情绪困扰、提高其有效应对挫折的能力及重建其个人价值体系的咨询目标。综合运用合理情绪、认知领悟、心理分析等治疗技术与方法,引导来访者建立新的认知结构,不断深化自我认识,逐渐形成合理情绪反应,最终实现咨询目标。     

中国高、低龄老人日常生活自理能力个体影响因素的比较研究

本文利用中国老年健康长寿跟踪调查2002年数据对比分析了高、低龄老人ADL个体影响因素的异同状况。结果发现:高龄老人和低龄老人ADL状况存在显著差异;年龄、认知能力、慢性病、情绪、躯体健康以及体力劳动是影响老年人ADL下降的关键因素。与低龄老人相比,高龄老人ADL的影响因素更为多元化;从主要致残障性的疾病来看,高龄老人致残障的病因更为广泛。     

“580”情绪转化站的创业机制研究

着眼于转变大学生的培养模式、提高大学生社会适应能力、增强大学生就业竞争力的大学生创新创业训练计划是国家创新体系建设的重要组成部分。四川省省级创业训练项目"580情绪转化站"以自主研发的www.qxzhz580.icoc.cn网站为创业平台,在对客户负性情绪在线调查后提供咨询、倾诉、疏泄、转化等系列在线问诊的专业服务,最终将客户的负性情绪转化成正能量,提高客户的幸福指数,从而产生良好的社会效益和可观的经济效益,成功实现创业计划。     

论幼儿英语学习兴趣培养中的常见问题及对策

随着社会的进步,幼儿英语教育越来越受到人们的重视。幼儿英语教育的首要目标在于培养幼儿英语学习兴趣,为未来英语课程的学习建立认知和感情基础。但目前幼儿英语教育情况不容乐观,针对问题提出相应的解决方法如下:规范教材,结合实际;提升教师素质,提升学生兴趣;抓住身心特点,提高兴趣效果;转变观念,家庭配合。     

Managing Emotional Intelligence in U.S. Cities: A Study of Social Skills among Public Managers

This study assesses perceptions of managerial emotional intelligence in local government, as well as the practices and polices affecting it. Though few cities offer training programs for managers that are called "emotional intelligence," many cities engage in activities that target or address EI skills. This study finds improvement opportunities for managers to become better attuned to the feelings of others and themselves, to better know their own strengths and weaknesses, to better deal with their negative emotions and increase their adaptability, and to improve their communication and relationship skills. Feedback and mentoring processes are directly associated with increased perceptions of EI, while other practices such as training, selection and policy development are only indirectly associated with perceptions of EI. This study contributes to the knowledge base by increasing awareness about managerial EI skills, and providing specific examples of practices to further managerial EI.     

Beyond Cognition: Affective Leadership and Emotional Labor

How do the concepts of emotional labor and artful affect translate into our understanding of leadership? Where would one find affective leadership in practice? To address these questions, the workdays of civil servants are examined. Based on interviews and focus groups, the authors set forth in their own words how social workers, 911 operators, corrections officials, detectives, and child guardians experience their work. These interviews reveal the centrality of emotion work in the service exchange and underscore affective leadership in practice. The authors conclude that the most important challenge facing public administrators is not to make work more efficient but to make it more humane and caring. Affective leadership, and recognition of the centrality of emotional labor therein, are the means by which this approach is championed.     

高校新生自我意识系统重构

所谓自我意识,就是个人对自己的身心状况以及自己与客观世界的关系的一种仪式。自我意识包括对自己的思想认识、情感体验、行为意向、个人特点以及人际关系等方面的认知、感受、评价和调控。初进入大学校园,从学习到生活很多问题等待去解决。如果没有健康稳定的自我意识系统为基础,他们的大学生活将无法顺利的进行下去,更甚者学生个体自身会出现心理的问题,导致无法完成大学的学业。     

Mitigating the negative effects of emotional labor: A study of disaster response and recovery workers after the 2010 Haiti earthquake

One of the most pressing governance challenges around the globe is managing disasters and their underlying risk factors. Little is known about effective strategies to minimize burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder among practitioners involved in addressing this challenge, especially in countries that rely mainly on international aid agencies for the delivery of basic services to their citizens. This article draws on the emotional labor literature to identify routes addressing the negative consequences of doing response and recovery work in postdisaster contexts. Based primarily on surveys and interviews with response and recovery workers involved after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, it advances and extends previous emotional labor theory on the mitigating factors of service workers' burnout. It points to the importance of autonomy and training as well as five coping mechanisms: relying on informal support, utilizing humor, leaving work at work, decompressing alone, and rotating job positions.     

The Effects of Majoring in Political Science on Political Efficacy

This study tests, and finds support, for the hypotheses that a student who majors in political science will have stronger feelings of political competence and will be more willing to engage in hypothetical political actions than two peer groups: (a) those who major in other fields and (b) those who show an interest in politics but have not studied it. In a study of 1,083 undergraduates at two different universities, we find that senior political science majors have higher feelings of internal political efficacy than comparison groups and are more willing than their peers or than interested freshmen to say that they would engage in meaningful political action, especially joining organized groups.     

Managerial Perspectives on Implicit Bias,Affirmative Action,and Merit

Public sector organizations concerned about gender inequality have increasingly sought to address the effect of implicit biases on merit‐based employment practices through bias training and affirmative action programs. Applying qualitative content analysis to interviews with 104 managers in three government agencies in which bias training and affirmative action were being implemented, the authors find that many managers acknowledge the existence of implicit biases and their potential to create unequal employment outcomes. However, this recognition of bias does not translate into support for affirmative action, which is seen by many managers to be an unacceptable violation of merit. The authors argue that implicit bias training and affirmative action are unlikely to create a cultural “tipping point” to progress gender equality without a critical reassessment of merit.     

The Shield of Heracles: Multiple streams and the emotional endowment effect

What factors explain the persistence of emotion in public policy? Applying the multiple streams framework, it is hypothesised in this article that the more intense the fear and the longer it persists under high salience, task unfamiliarity and complexity, and inconsistent preferences, the less likely it is for policy to change. The study examines the Greek attempt to block international recognition of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1990–1993) and finds the power to build coalitions through emotional arousal that in the short run helps reframe losses and paradoxically undermines political support in the long run. Illuminating the emotional endowment effect within the logic of appropriateness, the article concludes that policy is made under certain conditions on the basis of validating emotions.     

Missing the overlap between theory and practice: Patten’s ‘equal recognition’ in the face of the Catalan case

Drawing on the particularities of Catalonia (and related cases), the general point of this contribution is to argue that Patten’s equal recognition theory is modeled upon a too-restricted set of empirical assumptions, a circumstance that might harm its value as a tool for the orientation, evaluation, and reform of public policy. What is absent in Patten’s account – or at least not properly inserted into it – are four built-in modules that we have named ‘history’, ‘democracy’, ‘international relations’, and ‘migration’. When it comes to recognition of minorities, the past matters more often than Patten is willing to accept; democracy can lead to permanent departures from equal recognition on the part of self-governing national minorities; in the recognition game, there are other relevant players than simply states and their minorities; and one of these players, namely immigrant groups, can (albeit involuntarily) distort equal recognition schemes.     

Who Cares? Explaining Perceptions of Compassion in Candidates for Office

Although prior research establishes the important effect perceptions of compassion have on vote choice, no systematic research examines why some candidates are perceived as more caring than others. In an era where television and social media put candidates’ personalities front and center, the lack of research on this topic is problematic. In this article, I explain why voters view some candidates as more caring than others. I argue that voters view politicians as compassionate when there is a commonality to link them. A commonality demonstrates an empathetic connection, or the ability to understand another’s feelings. This, in turn, convinces voters that the politician is sympathetic, or willing to do something to help. Without an empathetic connection, claims of sympathy by politicians will be viewed with greater levels of skepticism. I generate a classification system for the sources of commonality that link voters with politicians, including shared experiences, shared emotions, and shared identities. Using three survey experiments, I show how candidates can build empathic bonds with voters and better their chances of election.

     

Reflective political reasoning: Political disagreement and empathy

As political polarization increases across many of the world's established democracies, many citizens are unwilling to appreciate and consider the viewpoints of those who disagree with them. Previous research shows that this lack of reflection can undermine democratic accountability. The purpose of this paper is to study whether empathy for the other can motivate people to reason reflectively about politics. Extant studies have largely studied trait-level differences in the ability and inclination of individuals to engage in reflection. Most of these studies focus on observational moderators, which makes it difficult to make strong claims about the effects of being in a reflective state on political decision making. We extend this research by using a survey experiment with a large and heterogeneous sample of UK citizens (N = 2014) to investigate whether a simple empathy intervention can induce people to consider opposing viewpoints and incorporate those views in their opinion about a pressing political issue. We find that actively imagining the feelings and thoughts of someone one disagrees with prompts more reflection in the way that people reason about political issues as well as elicits empathic feelings of concern towards those with opposing viewpoints. We further examine whether empathy facilitates openness to attitude change in the counter-attitudinal direction and find that exposure to an opposing perspective (without its empathy component) per se is enough to prompt attitude change. Our study paints a more nuanced picture of the relationship between empathy, reflection and policy attitudes.