论孙中山民族主义的变化及对中华民族的构建

民族主义作为近代产生的重要政治思想理论,不仅对西方,而且对我国也产生了重要的影响。特别是近代中国面临深重的民族危机、社会危机,民族主义在唤醒民族意识、反抗民族压迫中扮演了重要的角色。尤其是作为近代民主革命先行者的孙中山先生,其三民主义中的民族主义堪称是我国民族主义思想的重要代表。其民族主义先后经历了"排满"革命、"五族共和",最后到彻底反帝反封建的民族主义,是不断补充和发展的民族主义。他对于中华民族构建的思想,从最初狭隘的汉民族至中华民族,是不断补充和发展的。     

孙中山民族主义的历史演变、意义与价值

孙中山的民族主义在不同的历史发展时期有不同的内涵,从反清排满,到五族共和,再到反对帝国主义和国内各民族一律平等,体现着孙中山思想的进步。孙中山的民族主义在中国近现代历史上产生了巨大影响,晚年的民族主义实际等同于爱国主义,是一笔宝贵的精神财富。     

孙中山与中国传统之大同思想

孙中山先生是位杰出的革命先行者,其思想渊源正如其自述:“余谋中国,其所持主义,有因袭吾国固有之思想者,有规抚欧洲之学说事迹者,有吾所独见而创获者。”三个方面的综合融汇形成孙中山     

论孙中山的宪政思想

孙中山说:“宪法者,国家之构成法,亦即人民权利之保障书。”换句话说,孙中山认为宪法的内容和意义应该包括两个方面的内容:一是“国家的构成法”;一是“人民权利之保障书”。“五权分立”着重解决的是     

论孙中山法律思想之基础——三民主义

在我国大规模立法的过程中,认识、了解并借鉴孙中山先生的法律思想,对建立符合中国国情的法律体系,实为重要。从法律的角度来认识孙中山先生民主、民生、民治的制度之基础,以期了解和把握法律本质的回归和对现实的借鉴意义。     

浅析孙中山宪政思想

孙中山作为中国近代史上民主革命的伟大先行者,他的宪政思想是现代国家建设在政治层面上的具体体现。孙中山的宪政思想是集西方国家和中国国内政治制度优点于一身的理论,虽然他的宪政思想没有得到最终实现,但是他在探索过程中的经验和教训是我们学习的榜样。     

论孙中山与时俱进的思想品质

孙中山先生的思想是与时俱进的。他认为时代是前进的,革命潮流是发展的,一个革命者的思想、感情和实践必须随着时代一起前进,必须合乎人群的需要。先生的伟大     

孙中山的国防科技思想及启示

孙中山毕生关注中国的国防问题,将国防的兴盛与国家的命运紧紧相连。他把国防落后的重要原因归结为科技不发达。他的国防科技思想的主要内容有:用现代化科技武装军队,全面建设陆海空的立体国防思想;创建军事院校,为国防现代化储备军事人才;国防与实业相结合,实业建设是国防建设的基础;冲破“中体西用”思想的束缚,建立现代化军队。勿庸置疑,孙中山的这些思想对今天的国防建设仍然有着深远的影响和深刻的启示。     

民族主义与自由主义的融合——孙中山三民主义思想再解读

民族主义与自由主义是近现代以来两种重要的政治思潮,二者之间有很大不同,但在许多价值观念上又是相融相通的,特别是在中国近现代特殊的时代背景下,民族主义与自由主义更是交融在一起。自由主义以民族主义为其理论前提和基本政治框架,而民族认同又以自由主义为理论基础,民族主义的许多理念融合在自由主义的价值诉求中。孙中山的三民主义思想三个不同方面内容的有机联系很好地诠释了民族主义与自由主义的交融关系。本文通过对三民主义思想的重新解读,将这种相融相通的关系进一步凸显。     

孙中山的对外开放思想

孙中山的对外开放思想,是他“振兴中华”爱国思想的重要组成部分。这些思想虽然提出和论述于近一个世纪之前,但其中所表现的广阔的世界视野和发展意识,直到今天读来,仍然给人以深刻的历史启迪。 “开放主义有利无弊” 孙中山是基于这样的情势而提出对外开     

孙中山与公共管理

孙中山是中国20世纪三大伟人中的第一人.他深信应该"天下为公",并将终于实现世界"大同".他对"政治"的简单解释为"政"指"众人的事","治"是"管理",亦即"管理众人的事"就是"政治".他努力谋求公共利益和重视合格公共管理人员的培养,在理论和实践方面,很接近或相同于后来成为新兴独立学科的"公共行政"或"公共管理"所研习的内容.因此,他可算是中国现代公共管理研究的先驱.     

Medicine and ideology

This paper is an excursion on some of the views that Canguilhem expressed about ideology. The paper argues that there are senses in which modern medical rationality is driven by impulses that might – so long as we modify some of our traditional preconceptions about the concept – be described as ideological. Not least of the merits of Canguilhem's thought in this area was that he made the attempt to create an opening for a rethinking of the concept of ideology in the philosophy and epistemology of science which may be useful and challenging at a time when that concept is otherwise rather discredited.     

论孙中山"革命学"中的"自由"

“自由”是孙中山“革命之学问”中的重要基石,是革命正当性的重要依据。孙氏的“自由”观由两个互相矛盾的内容构成:一是“自由”是人民不可剥夺的政治权利;二是在中国当时的革命环境中,要国家团体有自由就必须牺牲国民的个体自由权利。孙氏在这个问题上实际上是混淆了古代“自由”与近代“自由”的区别。     

浅谈邓小平的文化建设思想

知识经济时代,文化和经济、政治相互融合日益加深,文化的力量已经渗透到生活的方方面面。文化不但推动着文明的进步．而且直接推动了社会物质财富的增加。文化在经济领域里已经成为一个新的经济增长点。因此．认清邓小平有关文化方面的理论思想,对新时期我们进行社会主义的文化建设有十分重要的意义。     

关注个体自觉——部队思想政治教育的新视角

本文将启发个体自觉作为部队思想政治教育的新视角,在教育中,做到尊重人、理解人、关心入,通过增进先进理论的真理性与个体实践的效益性的内在统一,不断激发个体发展的动力,同时达成部队思想政治教育工作自身否定之否定的价值和效益的优化目的,促进部队思想政治教育地系统化和科学化。     

Party competition over decentralisation: The influence of ideology and electoral incentives on issue emphasis

Under what conditions is decentralisation a salient issue for state‐wide political parties? It is argued in this article that the extent to which state‐wide parties emphasise decentralisation depends on their strategic considerations: on their overall ideology, on the electoral incentives created by the context in which they compete, and on the interaction between the two. The results of the analysis of party manifestos in 31 countries since 1945 are as follows. First, parties that pay greater attention to cultural matters relative to economic matters tend to talk more about decentralisation. Second, the systemic salience of decentralisation also encourages parties to talk more about decentralisation. Third, the larger the regionally based ethnic groups within a country, the more salience all state‐wide political parties will attach to decentralisation. Finally, only parties that put greater relative emphasis on cultural matters tend to respond to the electoral threat of regionalist parties. The influence of territorial diversity on the salience of decentralisation thus works through two channels and is partly conditioned by political parties’ ideological profile.     

Making sense of party strategy innovation: challenge to ideology and conflict-mobilisation as dimensions of party competition

Abstract

This article develops a pooled comparative analysis aimed at addressing two of the three overarching research questions of the special issue. It first discuss an ‘end of ideology’ research question: that is, whether party constituencies and party strategy show clear challenges to classic twentieth century ideological alignments. Second, it investigates the type of issue strategy that parties employ in this new ideological environment, expecting mainstream parties to stress a problem-solving approach, while challenger parties should favour a conflict-mobilisation strategy. Finally, the article combines these two fundamental dimensions (ideological consistency; reliance on problem-solving vs. conflict-mobilisation strategies) in order to identify party strategy innovations in current West European elections.     

论社会主义意识形态的基本价值

社会主义意识形态的基本价值体现在历史和当代两个方面。它的历史价值体现在：作为一种思想理论体系,对人类产生了前所未有的、巨大而深刻的影响;社会主义意识形态使中国走向独立和富强。它的当代价值体现在：（1）它是科学的世界观和方法论;（2）它是开放的体系,发展的理论;（3）它所提出的共产主义远大理想代表了千百年来人类对理想社会的追求,仍然是指引世界．人民争取美好未来的精神旗帜;（4）社会主义意识形态在中国的成功实践,证明了社会主义的生命力和优越性;（5）社会主义意识形态是中国特色社会主义事业顺利发展、社会和谐稳定和国家长治久安的思想武器。     

Gender and right-wing populism in the Low Countries: ideological variations across parties and time

ABSTRACT

Although scholarship on the general ideological orientation of right-wing populist parties is well established, few scholars have studied their ideas about gender. De Lange and Mügge therefore ask how differences in ideology shape right-wing populist parties' ideas on gender. Drawing on the qualitative content analysis of party manifestos, they compare the gender ideologies and concrete policy proposals of national and neoliberal populist parties in the Netherlands and Flanders from the 1980s to the present. They find that some parties adhere to a modern or modern-traditional view, while others espouse neo-traditional views. Moreover, some right-wing populist parties have adopted gendered readings of issues surrounding immigration and ‘Islam’, while others have not. The variation in stances on ‘classical’ gender issues can be explained by the genealogy and ideological orientation of the parties, whereas gendered views on immigration and Islam are influenced by contextual factors, such as 9/11.     

The Discourse of the Extreme Right and Its Ideological Implications: The Case of the Alleanza nazionale on Immigration

Against the background of research on Italian parliamentary debates on immigration, ter Wal looks at the ideological positions of the extreme-right Alleanza nazionale (AN) concerning both immigration and integration policy. In order to unravel the ideological implications she focuses on examples of various rhetorical strategies enacted in speeches by several of the party's MPs: including stategies of self- and other-presentation, and of justification and causal explanation. This analysis shows how the AN manages to propagate an ideology of ethnic nationalism that eschews the egalitarian norms and cultural pluralism necessary for full participation by migrants. The AN's transformation and re-interpretation of the meaning of the key values of equality andsolidarietàfunction as a justification for the restriction of migrants' rights. Speakers shift the perspective from immigrants' problems to the socio-economic problems of Italians in order to recommend a policy of 'the own people first'. While the AN's discourse thus continues to build on traditional extreme-right beliefs and claims, on the other hand it also espouses New Right ideologies of cultural relativism. Moreover, unlike that of radical-right parties, the AN's discourse does not express blatant forms of ethnic prejudice in the form of stereotypical beliefs and negative representations of immigrants' personal characteristics, nor does it blame immigrants, who are rather represented, and sympathized with, as victims. The moderation of and internal contradictions in its discourse makes the AN difficult