国有企业要实现依法科学民主决策

依法决策、科学决策和民主决策 ,是国有企业落实依法治国方略的核心和关键。依法决策意味着在决策领域必须建立健全一系列制度规范 ,明确界定企业内部各层级的决策权 ,确立完善的内部决策规则。民主决策是实现依法决策和科学决策的重要途径和制度保障。虽然不能说实现了民主决策就等于实现了依法决策和科学决策 ,但是 ,毋庸置疑的是 ,实现了民主决策 ,可以在很大程度上保证决策不脱离依法治国的轨道 ,亦可以为决策带来更多的科学因素 ,使科学决策的程度达到一个新的、更高的水平。实行科学决策的意义 ,主要在于降低决策的风险和成本 ,提高决…     

科学决策的责任危机及其化解方式

科学决策不能保证正确决策,但科学决策主体必须为其决策行为承担政治责任,由此引发科学决策内部深刻的责任危机。化解这一危机的方式在于决策的民主化。一个有效、合理的民主决策机制可以形成利益共享、责任共担的格局,提高决策质量,增强公民意识,加快社会民主化进程。     

实现行政决策程序的法治化

正《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》明确要求"把公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查、集体讨论决定确定为重大行政决策法定程序,确保决策制度科学、程序正当、过程公开、责任明确。"这一论断对于健全科学决策、民主决策机制,推进法治政府建设意义重大。公众参与、专家论证有助于提升决策的质量行政决策包括了外部程序和内部程序两大方面。就其外部     

论风险社会中的决策

在工业社会中,政治的文明化和科学技术的进步意味着人的一切理性化的行动都是在决策的前提下进行的。民主决策和科学决策是两种基本的决策模式,特别是在20世纪得到了自觉的建构,成为成熟的决策模式。这两种决策与工业社会中普遍存在的社会化大分工是一致的,都是专门性的活动。民主决策表现为政治精英和社会治理专家的职业活动,而科学决策则属于政策科学家的专业活动。因而,都存在决策者与执行者相分离的问题。与一切社会活动一样,专业化使决策显示出优势,但在风险社会中,也就是在社会的高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下,这种分离则会使决策脱离实际和出现时间滞后等问题。因此,我们主张一种新型的"行动中的决策"。行动中的决策是一种即时决策,行动者既是决策者也是执行者,是决策与执行的统一化。     

提高政府公信力的现实意义及路径选择

政府公信力是政府通过自己的行为得到社会公众信任和认可的能力.如何提高政府公信力,事关中国特色社会主义事业发展,事关社会和谐稳定.提高政府公信力,是一个系统工程,也是一项长期任务.当前,提高政府执行力需要重点抓好:健全科学决策、民主决策、依法决策机制:推进攻务公开,增强公共政策制定透明度和公众参与度；推进政务公开,增强公共政策制定透明度和公众参与度；加强行政问贲制,完善政府绩效评估制度；加强行政人员的行政伦理建设.     

试论陈云经济决策方法的科学性

经济决策论是陈云经济思想的重要组成部分.在领导和参与党和国家经济决策的实践中,陈云逐渐探索、形成了战略决策、民主决策、科学论证决策、程序化决策等一套完整、科学的经济决策方法体系,丰富、发展了马列主义、毛泽东思想的决策理论,是新时期科学决策的前导.     

洛杉矶与深圳公共决策模式比较

本文所讲的公共决策模式泛指立法机关制定法律、行政机关做出行政决定和行政法规的决策体制、决策程序、决策方法.对美国洛杉矶市与深圳市两地公共决策模式比较的内容有:公共决策体制;公共决策程序;公共决策的成本效益.笔者试图通过比较提出深圳学习借鉴洛杉矶民主决策模式的观点.     

中国乡镇政府民主决策的合理性与合法性条件的思考

民主决策的合理性反映了决策活动的规律性,而合法性需要制定规范决策活动的法律法规制度体系及其依法决策。本文以中国的乡镇政府为主要研究对象,在分析民主决策概念、乡镇政府决策活动的特点及其民主决策必要性等若干理论问题的基础上,论述了中国乡镇政府民主决策的合理性与合法性的条件问题     

领导决策需要懂点社会学

解决社会发展中的问题是领导者的职责所在，社会学能够对社会整体进行分析研究，探索社会良性运行与协调发展的规律，搜集社会问题产生的相关信息，寻求和提供解决问题的可行方案，因此领导决策必须懂点社会学，应用社会学知识科学决策、民主决策。     

论我国行政决策责任制的健全和实施

决策责任制是行政组织依据科学决策的理论和方法,适应现代决策的客观要求制定的制度体系;实行决策责任制是现代行政决策发展的必然趋势;我国尚未真正建立起有效促进行政决策科学化、民主化的决策责任制度体系,尤其是在制度实施方面存在着不少尚待完善的方面和环节;健全和实施行政决策责任制,是一项紧迫而艰巨的任务,需要以创新的精神和勇气,建构新体系,创设新制度,开辟新路径。     

科学民主化:食品安全规制中的公众参与

如何提升政府应对风险、保障公众健康的能力成为学界与政策实务界的讨论热点。在食品、环境与健康领域的风险规制中,充分保障公共利益似乎尤为困难。因为多种情况之下,风险规制的依据是专家的科学知识,结果仍然会引起公众对于行政政策以及专家的不信任。对此,在行政决策中平衡科学与公众参与两种力量日益重要,即"科学"民主化的问题,既强调专家的作用,又要使之与公众交流沟通。科学民主化事实上是公众参与的制度化,关于这一问题的研究对中国行政法的发展意义重大。     

决策行为中的后悔情绪

后悔与我们的日常决策、认知方式、情绪体验等都密切相关。当个体意识到或者想象出,先前采取其他的行为将产生更好的结果时,个体就会体验到后悔。许多研究证据表明后悔,将会影响人们的行为决策。具体介绍了后悔的影响因素以及对决策行为的作用。     

Corporatism, Pluralism, and Democracy: Toward a Deliberative Theory of Bureaucratic Accountability

This essay proposes a deliberative model of bureaucratic accountability and assesses its feasibility. Conventional wisdom suggests that a deliberative theory of bureaucratic accountability has little utility outside corporatist contexts. I reject this view because recent changes in patterns of interest representation have transformed both corporatist and pluralist bureaucracies into more hospitable environments for public deliberation. Contrary to the claims of democratic corporatists, recent pluralist practices of interest representation also seem to be compatible with public deliberation. Hence, movement toward greater openness in administrative decision-making is possible from both liberal pluralist and corporatist starting points. Corporatism clearly has no monopoly on democratic deliberation.     

依托“四位一体”热线 破解民主评议“三难”

民主评议政风行风是伴随纠风工作的产生而发展起来的,经过20多年的发展,已经成为党和政府倾听民声的重要渠道、维护民利的重要手段、行风建设的重要平台、人民群众有序参与民主政治的成功实践。但与此同时,民主评议的过程中不同程度地出现了随意评、孤立评、消极评的现象。近年来,江苏省如东县通过不断的实践探索,依托声、屏、网、报＂四位一体＂政风行风热线这一平台,拓展民主评议的工作载体,大力推进民主评议科学化、规范化、标准化建设,有效地破解了民主评议工作中的这一难点问题,提升了评议工作的社会效应、畅通了群众诉求的表达渠道、促进了政风行风的好转。     

高校廉洁文化建设与管理效能的提升

提高高校管理效能,不仅需要营造良好的政治氛围、宽松的学术氛围、和谐的人文氛围,还需要营造风清气正的廉洁文化氛围。加强高校廉洁文化建设,有助于高校管理理念的与时俱进、管理制度的科学完善、管理行为的规范有序、管理人员的清正廉洁,从而推进高校管理的高效能建设。     

提高地方行政监察职能的实践与思考

行政监察工作在保证政府机构和工作人员依法行政、廉洁从政方面具有不可替代的作用。行政监察必须立足改革发展稳定大局,围绕党委、政府的中心任务和重大决策来开展相关工作,为经济和社会的全面发展营造良好环境。当前加强和改进行政监察工作需要注意四个方面的问题：一是增强行政监察工作的法制性,促进依法行政和依法监察的同步规范;二是增强行政监察工作的协调性,促进监察机关与职能部门密切合作;三是增强行政监察工作的公开性,促进行政监察与社会监督紧密结合;四是增强行政监察工作的有效性,促进行政机关和工作人员效能提升。     

When Will Public Officials Listen? A Vignette Experiment on the Effects of Input Legitimacy on Public Officials’ Willingness to Use Public Participation

Public officials can be reluctant to use citizens’ input in decision-making, especially when turnout is low and participants are unrepresentative of the wider population. Using Fritz Scharpf's democratic legitimacy approach, the authors conducted a survey-based vignette experiment to examine how the input legitimacy of participatory processes affects (1) public officials’ willingness to use public participation in administrative decision-making, (2) their assessment of the quality of the policy decision, and (3) their anticipation of popular support for the policy outcome. The study shows that turnout and participants’ representativeness have a positive and significant effect on public officials’ attitudes toward public participation. Specifically, participants’ representativeness influences public officials’ willingness to use citizens’ inputs more than turnout.     

Organizing interfaces between government institutions and interactive governance

Initiatives to encourage the involvement of citizens and NGOs in decision-making can be seen in a wide variety of countries. Interactive policy-making, citizen panels, citizen charters, new forms of participation and other forms are being used to increase the influence of citizens on decision-making. An important issue in scientific debate is the relationship between citizen participation and existing democratic institutions. The main question for this article therefore is: what are the possibilities and difficulties in creating interconnections between interactive governance and existing democratic institutions? We have conducted an action research project to organize this interconnection between an interactive governance project (Around Arnemuiden, Living with Water) and existing democratic institutions. We describe and evaluate the interface arrangements we created: political, executive, professional, and policy interface. The executive, professional, and policy interfaces turned out to be weak or moderate, while the political interfaces was strong. Executives and professionals are reluctant to actively involve and commit to interactive processes. The organization of the interconnection between interactive processes and existing representative democratic institutions is very difficult and needs constant maintenance.     

Polarization and correct voting in U.S. presidential elections

Although some political pundits have expressed concern that political polarization has a deleterious effect on voter behavior, others have argued that polarization may actually benefit voters by presenting citizens with clear choices between the two major parties. We take up this question by examining the effects of polarization on the quality of voter decision making in U.S. presidential elections. We find that ideological polarization among elites, along with ideological sorting and affective polarization among voters, all contribute to the probability of citizens’ voting correctly. Furthermore, affective polarization among the citizenry if anything strengthens, not weakens, the influence of political knowledge on voter decision-making. We conclude that to the extent that normative democratic theory supposes that people vote for candidates who share their interests, polarization has had a positive effect on voter decision-making quality, and thus democratic representation, in the United States.     

The Labor(s) of Degrowth

The degrowth debate so far has lacked a clear vision of what social subjects, and which processes of political subjectivation, can turn its vision into a political strategy. In this contribution to the debate on degrowth and eco-socialism, I point to the place of labor in the politics of socio-ecological revolution, arguing that degrowth should aim for a truly democratic, workers’ controlled production system, where alienation is actively countered by a collective reappropriation of the products of labor and by a truly democratic decision-making process over the use of the surplus. Such strategy must be based on an extended concept of class relations that goes beyond the wage labor relation, and toward a broader conception of work as a (gendered and racialized) mediator of social metabolism. I conclude that ecosocialist degrowth should take the form of a struggle for dealienating both industrial and meta-industrial labor.