公立高校国有资产管理的问题分析与制度设计

公立高校国有资产是社会资产的重要组成部分,是高校生存和发展的基础。当前我国高校资产管理中存在管理不规范、资产质量不高等问题,可能会导致国有资产流失,制约高校实现其教学与科研的组织目标。高校的国有资产管理要从静态的"账、卡、物"的物化管理转变到动态的"成本、效益"的价值化管理,用最少的资本投入获得最大的经济效益和社会效益,促进教育事业的蓬勃发展。     

我国高校投融资现状研究

由于实施高等教育大众化战略构想,我国对高等教育的需求空前高涨,但是,高校教育经费的投入却在逐年减少,我国高校投融资问题不断凸显。完善高校多元化投融资途径有:建立完整的政府教育投资保障体系,增强立法,改善高校教育经费投入结构;健全大学生资助体系,完善高等教育成本个人分担制度;建立健全教育融资体系,通过多渠道方式筹措办学经费;拓宽社会融资渠道,提升高校自我发展能力。     

我国高等教育成本分担政策中若干问题的分析

高等教育的成本分担政策正逐步为世界大多数国家的高校所选择,这项政策在我国自1989年实施到现在,仍有一些问题需要规范与明确。根据成本分担的理论,我国现行成本分担政策在收费标准、高校所扮演的角色、专业差别收费三方面均存在一定的问题。这些问题的解决,需从以下几方面入手:科学厘定学费标准、明确高校补偿角色定位、落实专业差别收费。     

转型期行政发展的成本分析

我国当前行政发展的特殊性 ,决定了投入成本的两种基本形式 :一般成本和特殊成本。各国在其行政发展过程中都必须支付一般成本 ,包括模式成本和过程成本 ;我国转型期的行政发展还需要支付特殊成本 ,它具有非自然进程性、二元对立性、示范效应性、频度集中性等特征 ,包括政治成本、学习成本和时间成本。     

论大学生思想政治教育如何重视运用心理学知识

随着时代的飞速发展,高校政治教师面临着越来越多的挑战,我国各个高校在思想政治教育方面投入了不小的人力、物力以及财力,但是思想政治教育效果却不尽如人意,追究其原因,是因为社会的发展和人们思想的日益复杂变化等因素妨碍了思想政治教育应有功能的发挥。所以我国高校需要将心理学知识引入到思想政治教育中,本文主要讨论高校教师应该如何将心理学知识引用到思想教育中,使教育的方向在德、智、体三方面以外增加心理健康方面的培训,使得我国的教育创新化、人性化。     

转型时期黑龙江省高等教育投入制度研究

黑龙江省地处我国的东北部,属于经济欠发达地区.党的十六大提出的振兴东北老工业基地的重大战略决策,给东北地区的经济、科技、教育等各项事业的改革和发展带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,高校要发展,投入是关键.目前,黑龙江省高校面临的最大困难是投入不足.研究探索黑龙江省教育投入制度改革,采取有效措施实现高校教育投入的多元化,是摆在我们面前的重大课题.     

新西兰政府生产力评价及其启示——以教育生产力评价为个案

2004年以来,新西兰政府引入生产力评价,从投入和产出两个维度对政府的教育生产力进行评价。衡量投入的指标包括劳动力、资金和中间消耗,而产出则从数量和质量两方面进行测量。新西兰的教育生产力评价体系设计严谨,注重大数据的信息化采集,强化投入与成本评价,践行结果和顾客导向的理念,对我国的政府生产力评价有一定借鉴价值。     

中华优秀传统文化在大学生思想政治教育中的应用

随着我国素质教育改革的不断深入,在当今时代背景下,我国政府极为重视高校思想政治教育的发展情况,并且出台了多项关于高校思想政治教育的指导性文件。在这种大环境下,我国诸多高校思想政治教育教师纷纷投入到高校思想政治教育发展路径的研究中,经过长时间的实践调查研究发现,有效地将中华优秀传统文化元素融入到大学思想政治教育当中,不仅可以弘扬我国优秀的传统文化,同时还可以极大提升大学思想政治教育的质量以及效率。本文主要就中华优秀传统文化在大学生思想政治教育中的应用做了简要分析,目的在于进一步提升大学生思想政治教育的成效。     

高校教学管理中的人性化研究

随着我国高等教育的发展和改革的深入,"以人为本"的理念也日益贯彻到高校教学管理过程中,这不仅是对教师和学生的尊重,同时也有助于我国高校教学质量的提升。然而在我国,大学教学管理过程中的人性化缺失现象仍然很严重。在探究我国高校教学管理现状的基础上,分析其成因,提出一些看法如下:去行政化,提高教学管理过程中的民主程度;贯彻"以人为本"的理念,强化学生和教师在教学活动中的主体地位;贯彻"以人为本"的理念,强化学生和教师在教学活动中的主体地位;改革评价机制,规范教学质量评价体系;加大对教学资源建设的投入力度,创造良好的教学环境。     

我国高校财务风险相关问题综论

随着我国社会主义市场经济的建立,高等教育办学规模逐渐扩大、经费投入迅速增加,高校教育投入与教育需求矛盾日益突出,加强对高校财务风险监控已经成为亟待解决的问题。提出措施如下:制定完善的法律法规;完善监督机制;转变观念,完善高校内部控制制度;建立高校财务风险控制评价体系;提高办学质量与效益;加强对校办产业连带责任风险的防范。     

What is the cost of voting?

Despite a wealth of literature on the determinants of electoral turnout, little is known about the cost of voting. Some studies suggest that facilitating voting slightly increases turnout, but what ultimately matters is people's subjective perceptions of how costly voting is. This paper offers a first comprehensive analysis of the subjective cost of voting and its impact on voter turnout. We use data from an original survey conducted in Canada and data from the Making Electoral Democracy Work project which covers 23 elections among 5 different countries. We distinguish direct and information/decision voting costs. That is, the direct costs that are related to the act of voting and the costs that are related to the efforts to make (an informed) choice. We find that the cost of voting is generally perceived to be very small but that those who find voting more difficult are indeed less prone to vote, controlling for a host of other considerations. That impact, however, is relatively small, and the direct cost matters more than the information/decision cost.     

科学发展观视域中的发展代价论析

在科学发展观的视野内透视社会发展代价的命题是研讨发展代价的新视角。树立和落实科学发展观的代价是为实现科学发展而被否定和牺牲的替代性价值。它至少包括了制度变迁的成本、相关的科技成本与代价、组织动员和教育成本、时间成本、合理的环境成本等。科学发展战略虽然极具合理性,但其代价的产生与付出仍具一定历史必然性。     

浅谈企业成本管理中的问题与对策

当前,企业存在着成本管理意识淡薄、成本行为失控、成本管理不能持之以恒、财会人员素质较低等问题.解决这些问题,应强化企业全面成本意识,防止企业成本失控,提高财会人员素质.     

The Cost and Affordability Paradox of Transit-Oriented Development: A Comparison of Housing and Transportation Costs Across Transit-Oriented Development,Hybrid and Transit-Adjacent Development Station Typologies

Abstract

This study presents a comparison of housing and transportation costs (H+T) in 4,399 fixed-route transit station areas across the United States. Each station area is classified as a transit-oriented development (TOD), hybrid, or transit-adjacent development (TAD) based on walkability and housing density targets. Station areas with a Walk Score of 70 or greater and a gross housing density of 8 units per acre or more are classified as TOD. Station areas that meet just one of these criteria are classified as hybrids, and those that do not meet either of these criteria are categorized as TAD. The findings reveal a paradox that whereas TOD are more expensive places to buy and rent housing, they are more affordable than hybrids and TAD because the lower cost of transportation offsets housing costs. We argue that policies to increase the density and walkability of hybrid and TAD station areas, which account for two thirds of all station areas across the United States, should be a top priority for both housing and transportation officials.     

社会发展代价问题研究综述

社会发展过程中代价问题的凸现,人们对传统发展观的反思,促使代价问题研究兴起。代价问题研究具有丰富的思想资源,古今中外许多思想家都对此作过有益的探索。当前,学术界对代价的内涵、代价产生的根源及分类、代价与发展的关系等问题进行了比较广泛的研究,既取得了共识,也存在着分歧。构建健全的代价思维,有助于推进当代中国社会的和谐发展。我们应在现有研究的基础上,进一步深化和拓展代价问题研究。     

Housing Affordability and Health: Evidence From New York City

It is generally understood that households make tradeoffs between housing costs and other living expenses. In this article, we examine the relationship between health-related outcomes and housing-induced financial burdens for renters in one of the most expensive cities in the world, New York, New York. Drawing from the Housing Vacancy Survey for 2011, a representative survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau of more than 16,000 households in New York City, we estimate the effect of housing cost burden on the overall health of renters and the extent to which they have postponed various types of medical services for financial reasons. Results show that higher out-of-pocket rent burdens are associated with worse self-reported health conditions and a higher likelihood to postpone medical services for financial reasons. This relationship is particularly strong for those households with severe rent burdens. In addition, housing cost burden is equally or more important than other physical housing characteristics in explaining the variation in self-reported general health status and health care postponement. These findings are robust across specifications with different degrees of household, unit/building, and neighborhood controls, and among longstanding and newer renters. Our findings point to the importance of considering health-related outcomes when designing housing policies, and that housing subsidies should target both renters' out-of-pocket costs and place-based repair and maintenance.     

The Cost‐Effectiveness of Welfare‐to‐Work Programs: A Meta‐Analysis

This article uses the tools of meta‐analysis to assess cost–benefit studies of 50 mandatory welfare‐to‐work programs that were targeted at Aid for Families with Dependent Children recipients and evaluated by random assignment. The findings suggest that the costs of a typical evaluated welfare‐to‐work program probably exceeded its benefits from the perspective of the government, but those assigned to the program, and possibly society as a whole, may reap small positive net benefits. However, there are individual programs that are very cost‐beneficial. Further analyses of the determinants of the cost‐benefits of welfare‐to‐work programs to government and society as a whole show that some services are cost‐neutral, but others entail net costs, which are sometimes substantial. The findings suggest that less successful programs might be made more cost‐beneficial by dropping vocational training and basic education as program components, leaving mainly lower cost components, such as mandated job search and sanctions, but also possibly the more costly financial incentives.     

What's wrong with the back of the envelope? A call for simple (and timely) benefit–cost analysis

Observers across the ideological spectrum have criticized benefit–cost analysis for as long as it has been part of the rulemaking process. Still, proponents and detractors agree that analysis has morphed into a mechanism often used by agencies to justify regulatory decisions already made. We argue that a simpler analysis of more alternatives conducted earlier in the regulatory process can resuscitate it as a tool to inform policy. Recognizing that requiring a procedure does not ensure that regulators will follow it, we offer possible remedies, including strengthening or relaxing subsequent review of proposed rules, which raise the cost of circumventing the reform or lower the cost of following it.     

The economic significance of “insignificant” rules

We know relatively little about the economic effects of “insignificant” rules because they are not typically analyzed. Yet, these rules could be cumulatively important. We provide an economic analysis of one proposed rule to control hazardous air pollutants, which is not considered to be economically significant. This rule is of particular interest because it is one of the first in a long series of rules that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will consider for limiting hazardous air pollutant emissions. Our analysis suggests that the proposed controls that EPA has considered are not likely to pass a benefit–cost test. We recommend that an agency base its decision to allocate additional resources to benefit–cost analysis on the expected value of the improved information. In addition, agencies should consider applying a rule of thumb that would specify a threshold level of risk reduction that needs to be achieved before some kinds of regulation are considered.     

COMBATING HEALTHCARE COST INFLATION WITH CONCERTED ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS IN A CHINESE PROVINCE

This article defies the traditional notion that cost inflation in healthcare could hardly be curbed without the significant revision of economic incentive scheme, but demonstrates the possibility of containing cost inflation with concerted administrative actions in the Chinese context. It examines the case of Fujian Province that embarked on a health bureaucracy‐led policy reform without an alteration of economic levers but mainly using administrative tools to combat cost escalation. Through clearly defined, well designed, targeted and concerted administrative measures, effective cost containment is attainable in China's healthcare sector, at least in the short run. If combined well with the powerful economic instruments, administrative tools would be able to augment their effects in cost containment, provided with the government's possession of hospital ownership. At the heart of Fujian's case are the reassertion of the government stewardship, the reconstruction of the collapsed accountability mechanisms, the reconfiguration of policy instruments, and the revision of administrative incentives, rather than the decreased costs per se. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.