公民意识培育与公众监督优化的理论思考

本文针对社会转型期我国公众监督存在的问题,从政治文化的视角深入探讨了公民意识与公众监督之间的互动关系,详细阐述了公民意识培育和公众监督优化对中国现代化的意义,提出了培育我国民众公民意识和优化公众监督的具体路径。     

公民社会的培育是化解“非直接利益冲突”的治本之策

频频发生的"非直接利益冲突"凸显了我国公民社会的缺失,因此,着力培育公民社会,提升公民意识,是有效化解"非直接利益冲突"的治本之策。要通过进一步完善和优化我国公民社会成长的制度环境、积极培育公民组织、大力培育公民意识等来培育公民社会。     

交往理论视域中公民文化对社会稳定的正负相关分析

不同的文化心理导致不同的交往行为。公民文化是内化于公民活动中的精神脊髓,具有自发性与盲从性、无组织性,同时也具有可培育性、可引导性、可组织性。公民文化的两重性,对社会稳定具有正相关和负相关双重影响。不健康的公民文化及其发展会破坏社会稳定。公民文化的差异还是城乡差别、贫富差异的制造者。因此,辩证审视、扬弃公民文化,积极培育、引导公民文化健康发展、有利于放大公民文化对于社会稳定的正相关影响,积极促进生产关系改革、促进社会稳定和社会和谐。     

新媒体时代政府与公民关系探析

新媒体时代政府与公民关系应是以公众需求为导向的被授权与授权的关系、以公民意识觉醒为基础的治理与自治的关系、以政民良性沟通为特征的合作性伙伴关系以及以网络监督常态化为特征的被监督与监督的关系.但在实践中出现了一些问题,政府忽视公众需求,过度干预社会;公民意识薄弱,公共利益代表缺位;政民缺乏良好的沟通,政府公信力缺失等.因此,需要从社会、公民与政府三个层面改善政府与公民关系:公民要培育自身的公共精神、理性参与政治生活;社会要大力培育建立社会激励机制、加强对新媒体的监管;政府要大力推进公民社会的发展、完善网上信息公开制度、健全社会安全阀制度.     

转型时期我国第三部门缺失与构建

第三部门既具有积极作用,又存在失灵现象。我国第三部门缺失的原因既包括潜在的营利动机和责任监督的困境的内在因素,也包括社会因发展程度的一致性不足、组织生成机制的偏颇、资源投入的不足、社会道德约束的失范的外在因素。构建公民社会、培育第三部门,强化监督、创设外部责任约束环境,优化内部治理、加强自律规范,是构建和设计我国第三部门的主要方略。     

构建理性参与型政治文化:培育公民政治参与的软环境

政治参与是现代政治学中一个重要的概念,是现代民主政治的核心和民主发展的标准与尺度。公民参与的扩大需要具备适当的软环境。当前培育公民政治参与的软环境需要从构建公民文化、培育公民社会、发扬民本思想三个方面着手。     

把法治思维作为公民文化培育的重要支点

法治思维蕴含着有利于公民文化培育的"基因",这些"基因"主要体现为:法治思维是权利思维,其蕴含的权利观念有利于公民文化的培育;法治思维是规则思维,其蕴含的规则意识有利于公民文化的培育;法治思维是责任思维,其蕴含的责任观念有利于公民文化的培育;法治思维是理性思维,其蕴含的理性精神有利于公民文化的培育;法治思维是平等思维,其蕴含的平等理念有利于公民文化的培育;法治思维是宽容思维,其蕴含的宽容思想有利于公民文化的培育。我国公民文化培育的基础在于用法治思维加强普通公民的公民文化培育,而关键在于用法治思维强化领导干部的公民文化培育。     

马克思人格思想与公民文化培育

公民文化作为特定社会发展阶段群体人格的表征,是与现代社会发展相适应的人的发展的具体体现。人格与公民文化的内在关联性形成了分析现实社会问题的理论支点。运用马克思人格思想去解读现阶段我国公民文化建设问题更具深刻性、根本性。在公民文化培育的内在实质、基础条件和现实路径等方面提供科学的理论论证。     

公民政治权利实现:条件、制约因素与路径

政治权利是保障公民参与政治决策过程的权利,它的实现需要具备一定的条件:合格的公民是其个体基础,独立的公民社会是其社会基础,健全的法律制度是其制度基础。但在我国,由于缺乏相应的公民素质,公民社会组织相对脆弱,法律制度方面还存在诸多障碍,难以充分实现公民政治权利。充分实现公民政治权利,应培育具有相应文化和技能的合格公民;发展各种民间组织,培育独立的公民社会;从法律上健全各种制度,确保公民真正享有政治权利。     

当代中国公民意识的生成机制探析

公民意识的生成是一个在政治国家与市民社会分离的客观条件下,在民主政治和法治建设实践中官吏和民众双向互动的过程。培育公民意识应全方位构建公民意识的生成机制。为此,必须健全社会主义市场经济体制,推进政治体制改革,建设民主政治,培育社会主义市民社会,依法行政与公正司法,开展公民教育,发展公民文化。     

2010年中国政治学研究综述

前些年,不少学者热衷于介绍和研究西方昙花一现的政治理论,自去年以来,这种追风的现象已经趋冷。2010年的政治学研究主要关注了国家理论、政党理论、政治思潮、民主问题、政治学学科和方法论。由此可以看出,中国的政治学研究进一步向传统的研究主题回归,进一步趋向理性。     

案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立

案卷排他性原则是现代听证制度的核心。我国目前的价格决策听证制度并没有确立案卷排他性原则,致使政府价格决策听证常常流于形式。案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立,不仅具有必要性.而且具有可行性。     

The Rise of Resilience in Education in Emergencies

ABSTRACT

This article explores how resilience as a concept is being increasingly mobilised within the Education in Emergencies (EiE) community. Using content and a close textual analysis, it identifies the concept's growth in prominence within key EiE documents arguing it has been employed to serve a range of different purposes. It contends, however, that dominant conceptualisations of resilience within the EiE community are reflective of a number of shifts around the problem, subjects and purposes of education provision in such conflict-affected contexts. This serves to limit the transformative potential of resilience, particularly in regards to contributing to positive peace.     

中国政府全面质量管理系统的构建

全面质量管理是一门内涵丰富的管理哲学、管理思想,同时也是一种有效的管理技术和管理工具,全面质量管理在企业中的应用取得了重大成效,西方国家将全面质量管理应用于政府部门同样取得了明显的效果.中国同样具有推行政府全面质量管理的基础条件,通过开展政府全面质量管理的基础性工作,树立"顾客导向",建构政府内部持续改进机制,建立政府全面质量管理质量保证体系,将全面质量管理的管理理念和管理方法引入中国政府部门.构建中国政府全面质量管理系统,从而提高政府工作绩效和公众的满意度.     

Performance of local councils in the collection of revenue in Bangladesh

Local councils in Bangladesh have been provided with several sources of revenue that can be utilized for the maintenance of the councils, as well as the initiation of developmental projects. The union and upazila level councils have fared miserably in collection of such revenue. An examination of twelve upazilas during 1986–90 demonstrates that their performance has been affected by a lack of administrative support for the task, a dearth of adequate knowledge and skills on the part of local leaders and a failure to plan carefully on the part of the government. The Ordinances through which they have been established did not identify realistic sources of revenue nor did they provide guidelines on their utilization. Consequently, collection of revenue is done in an arbitrary and disorganized manner. It is recommended that adequate and appropriate administrative structures are developed and that proper training is provided to enhance the knowledge and skills of local leaders and to enable the councils to perform the task of revenue collection efficiently. Some suggestions are presented to utilize properly the market facilities, which appear to be highly potent sources for the generation of revenue.     

Problems of co-ordination in upazila administration in Bangladesh

The present government of Bangladesh has extensively reformed the administrative system and upgraded the previous thana to upazila (sub-district) to serve as the focal point of development administration. A new tier of local government called Upazila Parishad (UZP) has been created and a large number of functions have been devolved to this institution along with the placement of central government employees at its disposal. The reformers argue that the present system will remove the inadequacies of the previous administrative system and will bring about an improvement in the co-ordination of field services at the upazila level. However, the actual situation represents a totally different picture. The desired integration— both vertical and horizontal—and co-ordination in local level planning is non-existent due to the absence of any clear direction from the central government. Proper co-ordination among the field services in the upazila administration does not exist due to the anomalous relation between the upazila and the national government, including excessive central control; the involvement of multiple agencies of the central government in guiding and supervising; ambiguity in government thinking; the absence of clarification from the ministries concerned and agencies on the timing of different development programmes; and conflict over the allocation of resources. There is also conflict between the different tiers of local government in respect of authority and resources. Relations between public representatives and officials at the upazila level are strained because a clear allocation of authority to political executives is lacking; areas for co-operation among different agencies have not been clarified; and public representatives and government officials lack mutual respect.     

An analysis of mechanisms used by CSOs in the promotion of community participation in governance in Kenya

Civil society organizations (CSOs) are often perceived to provide the magic bullet to complex societal problems including alternative approaches that ensure good governance. Fresh new research is therefore needed due to the prevailing paradox of escalating governance challenges in Kenya despite CSOs efforts to address the same. This paper specifically seeks to understand mechanisms that CSOs use as they seek to intervene in governance issues in Kenya. It links persistent poor governance happening at the counties to inadequate mechanisms used by CSOs. It argues that CSOs have not been bold enough to confront poor governance but, instead, have used superficial mechanisms with little outcomes. They have particularly focused on providing trainings and creating awareness and have shied away from more direct engagement with poor governance such as monitoring utilization of public funds. The study methodology involved a survey, focus group discussions, and in-depth face to face interviews. The tools used included a survey questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion guide and In-depth Interview guide. Among the recommendations are that CSOs need to go beyond creating awareness and trainings and engage with governance issues more directly using well-tried mechanisms.     

The Reform of the Local Administration in Spain in Terms of Population

Spanish Local Corporations are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of public services without reducing their function of consolidation and structuring of the current sociopolitical system. This reality implies an increase in their need of financial funds without new compensation resources. Also, there is a certain tendency to loose population in many counties along with a greater organic and territorial dispersion that accelerates their financial weakening. This makes necessary to find management alternatives ensuring the appropriate provision of local public services and thus the Local Corporation reform becomes an alternative. In this context, the present paper approaches the analysis and the results based upon a territorial balance criterion on the population and its distribution, aiming ultimately to design an indicator able to measure the need of the Spanish local government structure according to its population and the size of its municipalities. This indicator might measure the regional impact to any variation both in the distribution of its population and in the number of municipalities.     

全球化背景下经典文化教育的价值取向

全球化对我国教育的冲击是深刻的,经典文化教育是应对挑战所必需的选择之一。经典文化具有时代性、开放性和包容性,对成就一个人以及提高整个国民素质都有重要的意义与价值。经典文化教育在学校教育应有所作为。     

工科院校英汉双语教学中英语运用度

文中通过＂英语运用度＂这一指标对双语教学模式进行了划分,通过对在工科院校双语教学中的实际教学效果对比研究,对制约双语教学中英语应用度的各项因素进行了详细研究分析,阐述了工科教学时开展双语教学工作应解决的重要问题和解决问题的措施,并给出了＂英语运用度＂的最佳取值范围。