谈鸦片战争博物馆的临时展览

主题鲜明、内容新颖的临时展览,是博物馆基本陈列和固定展览的有益补充,在丰富博物馆展览内容的同时,还大大提升了博物馆的传播能力和辐射力。近六年(2007-2012),鸦片战争博物馆根据自身特点,或自主制作或合作办展或引进一批知名度高、历史背景深厚、内涵知识丰富、独到和创新设计形式的展览,取得了一定的成效,但仍存在一些问题。表现在宣传推介力度不够、展览场地有限、观众对象有所局限、服务不到位、观众抽样调查不到位等,为此应做到注重时效性、主题贴近民众、科学和艺术相结合、充分开发临时展览的功能。     

我国博物馆业寻求改革发展之路

改革开放十五年来,我国博物馆事业获得了令人瞩目的发展,但也遇到了不少困难和问题.其中最主要的是办馆资金严重短缺、陈列展览不改旧观,致使相当一部分博物馆观众稀少,门庭冷落.博物馆业如何走向新的繁荣?我国博物馆事业的从业人员,为适应形势的发展,推动事业前进,不断在深化改革中寻求解决困难的途径,迈出了可喜的一步.     

流动博物馆展览的服务内涵和现实意义——以云南省楚雄州博物馆为例

新中国成立以来,中国经济发展越来越快,尤其是改革开放以后,中国社会主义事业达到了一个空前的发展速度,而博物馆作为社会主义文化事业发展的一部分也取得了非常可喜的成绩。进入21世纪后,越来越多的博物馆免费开放,使博物馆的文化传播功能得到了有效运用。党的十七大明确指出要使博物纪念馆成为社会主义文化事业的重要构成要素,为此怎样使博物馆更深入地"接近生活、接近实际、接近群众"就成为博物馆的现实追求目标。主要以云南省楚雄州博物馆为例来讲述流动博物馆展览的服务内涵和现实意义。     

浅析历史类博物馆陈列设计的方法

博物馆的陈列设计是与多种学科和多种专业技术有紧密联系的一个系统工程。我国的历史类博物馆陈列和当地的地域文化相互结合,充分展现地方的历史文化特色,是地方博物馆走出具有地方特色展览道路的途径。     

博物馆的雅与俗

尽管当前人们文化消费热情高涨,但众多的博物馆却如驿外断桥边的寒梅,“寂寞开无主”。深圳市博物馆馆长王璧感慨:“从经济学角度而言,博物馆自身条件最得天独厚,它的馆藏是一项垄断资源,办的展览也是独家经营。但垄断的资源却没有产生垄断的利润,必然是哪个环节发生了问题。” 最近在南京召开的国际博物馆馆长论坛上,来自美国、日本、新加坡等近十个国家以及两岸三地的各大博物馆的馆长们,为博物馆如何吸引观众开出了自己的药方。     

国家博物馆改扩建之争

应不应该作为文物建筑整体保留?应不应该进行建筑设计国际招标?是不是危险建筑?如何取得新旧建筑的协调?中国国家博物馆改扩建工程因其显赫的位置而招来争沦3月17日,中国国家博物馆改扩建工程宣布动工,马未都的愿望被轰鸣在现场的拆除机械搅碎。此前,这位中国内地首家私立博物馆的创办人多次与媒体联系,呼吁将这处与人民大会堂分据天安门广场两侧的公立博物馆作为文物整体保留。     

千呼万唤未出来——关于筹备中国民间美术博物馆的话题

自文化部党组1982年5月正式批文同意以来,时间已过去了十三年多,中国民间美术博物馆仍然是一座空中楼阁,处在泡影之中。 对于这种“马拉松式”的筹备,人们早就提出了质疑和批评,究竟是何原因使这关系到弘扬民族艺术传统的大事迟迟办不起来? 民博筹备组的缘起 80年代初,中国美术家们就发出了筹建民间美术博物馆的呼吁。当时任中国美术家协会主席、中央美术学院院长的江丰根据美术家们的要求,生前多次向文化部提出建议。文化部党组接受了公众的这一要求,正式批文:同意筹建中国民间美术博物馆,并指出在正式建馆前成立筹备组,暂由中国美术馆代管,并拨5万元收藏费,人员暂由中国美术馆借用。于是中国民间美术博物馆筹备组(以下简称民博筹备组)便走马上任,办公室就设在中国美术馆一层的一间黑屋子里。 尽管条件十分艰苦,筹备组的同志深知肩负的工作是关系到弘扬民族文化的大事,埋头做了大量工作,取得了很大成绩。现在民博筹备组已收藏各类民间美术品5万余件,多次举办各类民间美术展览,1987年     

春消息

春节期间,到上海博物馆去看了“岁寒三友画展”。展览集中了从元代开始直至近代的七十四件作品,大体上显现了我国古代画坛这一特定题材的发展概貌与不同风格。浏览之余,得到了很好的艺术享受,觉得这种别致的专题展览设计得出色,是博物馆展出思路一个新的开拓,是力图从不同侧面、角度揭示中国传统的文化心理与美学观念的一个尝试。     

新时期下的现代博物馆

博物馆是人类收藏历史记忆凭证和熔铸新文化的殿堂,担负着保护、研究和展示人类及人类环境遗存,推动人类文明发展的重要职能。随着全球化、现代化、城市化、信息化进程的不断加速,博物馆的功能与职能不断拓展。传统意义上的陈列展览及做法,已经不能适应时代的需求,新颖的设计,趣味性的互动,舒适的服务是当今社会对博物馆提出的新的要求。     

琴瑟和鸣自苍穹

应钱永刚教授的邀请到上海交通大学参加了“艺术与科学的天籁之音一一蒋英与钱学森事迹展览”暨音乐会。那天正是世界博物馆日。     

Taking the High Ground: FEMA Trailer Siting after Hurricane Katrina

Using data on more than 300 census blocks from across New Orleans, Louisiana, this article investigates two steps in the placement of temporary housing after Hurricane Katrina. First, the authors seek to understand the factors that determined whether census blocks were selected for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) trailers. Then, in light of the widespread resistance to the trailers, they focus on variables that influenced whether trailers were successfully placed on those sites. Despite past research arguing that race, collective action potential, and political factors are the primary determinants of facility placement and the success or failure of the attempt, these data show that technocratic criteria dominated. Interestingly, although census blocks in less vulnerable areas were more likely to be selected as locations for FEMA trailer parks than ones in more vulnerable areas, it was precisely the former areas where siting success was less likely. Flood‐resistant areas that decision makers chose for housing were less willing to accept such projects than more flood‐prone ones.     

The 'Taking Liberties' Exhibition at the British Library

The British Library is currently staging an exhibition, Taking Liberties, on the history of liberty and democracy in Britain. This article reviews the exhibition. Its verdict is that the BL has done an outstanding job. As well as displaying a wide range of original documents, and providing an enticing means of interaction for visitors, the exhibition reminds us that liberty continues to evolve and its meaning continues to be contested. By showing how the evolution of liberty in Britain has taken centuries, rather than decades, it also reminds us that when we rightly criticise newer democracies for their imperfections, we should remember that the liberties of their citizens have evolved at a far faster rate than we ever achieved.     

Migrant protest in times of crisis: politics,ethics and the sacred from below

This paper focuses on the 300 Migrant Hunger Strikers event in Greece to explore the material conditions of possibility for migrant politics in times of crisis. It identifies three elements that played determinant roles in the articulation of the event: the politics of equality enacted by migrants, the ethics of hospitality and witnessing enacted by the Greek activists and host populations and the sacredness of the event. Critically engaging with the theories of Rancière, Derrida, Agamben and Durkheim, this paper demonstrates how these elements encountered and how their encounter helped migrants to achieve rights, albeit limited and temporary. Moving beyond the particularity of the event, this paper also highlights the event’s importance for migrant politics in times of austerity, and increased surveillance and racism against migrants. Despite its limited and temporary success, the event demonstrates how a politics of equality, ethical openness and respect for human life can form the basis of true cosmopolitan universality. The event also demonstrates how cosmopolitan universality is constructed from below by the migrants, who despite their undocumented status, engaged in an act of citizenship to demand equality.     

Stories that matter: subverting the before-and-after weight-loss narrative

Contemporary scholarship does not pay enough attention to stigma in relation to its temporal status; i.e. whether the stigma is temporary and changeable, or is it permanent? The present article links the study of sociology of time, of de-stigmatization strategies and of narrative resistance, through a case study of individuals who are stigmatized on the basis of an attribute perceived as temporary and changeable – fatness. Conducting a comparative analysis of Before-and-After weight-loss articles appearing in an Israeli online health magazine, I examine how these narratives marginalize fat people by presenting fatness as temporary and changeable. I then compare these narratives to life narratives produced by Israeli-Jewish women, who self-identify as fat. Participants subvert mainstream narratives in two ways: (1) assigning the fat body to “After,” thereby challenging the temporary and transient status of fatness and (2) subverting other discursive characteristics of Before-and-After Weight-Loss Narratives. As a result, participants produce valid knowledge and social criticism from a stable fat subject position.     

论网络时代的高校思想政治教育工作

在阐述网络时代高校思想政治教育工作遇到的机遇和挑战的基础上,分析了高校开展思想政治教育工作的新对策,如建立网上思想政治教育阵地、提高高校思想政治教育工作队伍的综合素质、提高大学生网上道德意识、开展网上思想政治教育活动等,以达到充分利用互联网有效开展思想政治教育工作的目的。     

Fiscal adjustments: do labor and product market institutions matter?

This paper investigates the role played by labor and product market institutions in determining the likelihood of initiating and of successfully concluding a fiscal adjustment. Using data for 16 OECD countries over the period 1970 to 2000, we find that a less generous unemployment benefit system—rather than temporary caps on spending (e.g., wage freezes)—contributes to the success of fiscal consolidation. Weaker forms of bargaining coordination and centralization facilitate the fiscal adjustment effort. On the other hand, product market deregulation and more flexible employment protection legislation do not contribute positively to fiscal consolidation.     

The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties on the Positions of Mainstream Parties Regarding Multiculturalism

What are the political effects of rising radical right-wing parties (RRPs) in Western Europe? Does the rise of the parties drive mainstream parties (MPs) to become more restrictive on issues mobilised by RRPs, such as multiculturalism? Analysing manifesto data from 1981 to 2008, it is found that the rise of RRPs makes right-wing MPs adopt more restrictive positions regarding multiculturalism. However, left-wing MPs do so only when the opinion of party supporters on foreigners becomes more negative or when the parties lost more votes in the previous election than their opponent right-wing MPs did. The result implies that niche parties with extremist positions can benefit from their own electoral success by dragging MPs toward their own positions. However, the impact of rising niche parties on MPs should be understood against a broader background of party competition, and the impact can be dissimilar between MPs with different ideological commitment and strategic opportunities.     

Performance-Based Government Models: Building A Track Record

Governments across the country have embarked on performance-based government efforts. Typical goals of these efforts are to clarify the mission and priority objectives of government with an emphasis on the expected results, to develop mechanisms for monitoring and reporting the achievement of those objectives, and to use this information to make decisions about government activities, including making government more accountable Although many governments have reported success in establishing their performance-based programs, we found ourselves wondering whether any of these programs are showing signs that they can be sustained over time. Are performance-based reports or budgets being used by managers and policy makers? Are the performance programs maintained after implementation? If so, what are the factors critical to success? To answer these questions, we reviewed performance-based government efforts in progress throughout the country with a focus on the initiatives of five states.1 This discussion begins by describing the efforts in those five states: the stated need, the approach, and the results to date. We then discuss the elements of success and the lessons learned from these performance-based government pioneers.     

Pension Privatization: Evolution of a Paradigm

From 1981 to 2004, a paradigm shift occurred in pension systems worldwide as more than 30 countries fully or partially replaced their state‐administered pay‐as‐you‐go pension systems with ones based on individual, private savings accounts. Yet in 2005, pension privatization abruptly stopped. After the 2008 crisis, several countries that had privatized their pension systems scaled back or even canceled individual accounts. Is the new pension paradigm dead? And if so, why? This article shows that fiscal and ideational factors caused a temporary halt to pension privatization worldwide and induced transnational pension policy networks to find new ways to respond to perceived failures. Adjustments to the new pension paradigm such as emphasizing minimum pensions and recommending that governments “nudge” rather than mandate pension savings will enable pension privatization to continue in years ahead, albeit in a revised form.     

Variation in policy success: radical right populism and migration policy

How do radical right populist parties influence government policies in their core issue of immigration? This article provides a systematic analysis of the direct and indirect effects of radical right anti-immigration parties on migration policy reforms in 17 West European countries from 1990 to 2014. Insights from migration policy theory serve to explain variations in the migration policy success of the radical right. While previous studies mostly treat migration policy as uniform, it is argued that this approach neglects the distinct political logics of immigration and integration policy. This article reveals significant variations in policy success by policy area. While immigration policies have become more liberal despite the electoral success of the radical right, when the radical right is in government office it enacts more restrictions in integration policies. Accordingly, anti-immigrant mobilisation is more likely to influence immigrants’ rights than their actual numbers.