社区公益服务的体系整合与机制创新

社区公益服务标志着我国社区发展层级的提升,但仍呈现体系破碎、功能紊乱的状态。因此需要努力推进机制创新,统筹公办福利与民办公益两个体系的改革,在同一进程中解决行政化的问题与社会化的问题。借助治理理论提供的思考框架,可寻求一种融合多种制度体系、容纳多元主体共同参与、有效配置资源并且承担更大社会变革使命的社区公益服务新机制。这种新机制以多主体参与为轴心,以建构责任政府、"社会企业"和"社会市场"为要旨,以政府、服务机构、自治组织、社区居民和基层党组织的适应性调整为基础,以协商性参与、知识整合、体系开放、社会学习为纽带,可组建起一种社区公益服务的大格局。     

基于组织学习的公安机关能力建设研究

公安机关能力建设是当前公安管理研究的一个新领域,组织学习则是组织行为学研究的热点之一,并已经取得了丰富的成果。可以在公安机关中借鉴组织学习理论的研究成果,加强其能力建设,为警察组织的多个层次建立良好的学习环境与机制,采用合适的学习方式,促进组织知识的积累与开发利用,从而促进公安机关能力的较大提高。     

创建优秀基层公安团队的思考

创建优秀基层公安团队就是公安机关基层所队通过合理利用每名警员的知识和技能协同工作、以解决问题和实现共同组织目标的活动。加强基层公安团队建设是社会分工和社会系统有序发展的必然要求，是组织立于不败之地的必然举措和提高团队工作效能的必然选择，也是加强公安工作的必然路径。永州市公安局在优秀团队创建中取得了显著成就，也还存在认识不足、举措不力、沟通不够、素质不高等诸多问题．，加强优秀基层公安团队创建，应当明确基层公安团队组织目标、分析组织岗位、做好人员安排、加强团队管理、培育组织文化、完善规章制度     

An honour to be coveted: pride,recognition and public service

Abstract: Efforts to enhance public‐service pride and recognition are based in large part on three related propositions: that an increase in public servants' pride will lead to improved performance; improved performance will lead to greater public recognition of the public service; and greater public recognition will increase public servants' pride. These propositions can be examined by relating the concepts of pride and recognition to those of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, motivation and morale. Intrinsic incentives and less tangible extrinsic incentives are more important to public servants than to private sector employees. Given the relative scarcity of tangible extrinsic rewards in the public sector, governments are well advised to ensure adequate provision of less tangible rewards like appreciation and approval. Among the major future‐oriented government initiatives affecting pride and recognition are measures to foster a learning organization, to promote citizen‐centred service through effective use of information and communications technology, and to move the public service from a rules‐based towards a values‐based institution.     

警务知识管理：社会背景与现实条件

世界正在进入复杂多变的“风险社会”，依靠传统的个人经验、技术手段和组织管理方式已经无法全面预见和应对风险社会的各种不确定危机。充分开发利用民警个人知识与公安组织知识，提升集体智慧，成为公安机关应对“风险社会”的必然选择。知识经济的到来与学习型组织的兴起为公安机关导入知识管理创造了良好的社会环境，开放的社会环境与公众不断攀升的期望给警务变革创造了压力与动力，我国公安机关在学习理念与意识、技术条件、知识与经验积累、人员素质与人才储备等方面有了良好的基础，导入并全面实施知识管理战略，构建学习型组织，势在必行。     

公共服务供给的中间模式——以上海市自强社会服务总社为例

在公共服务供给领域,事业单位的行政依附性和服务垄断性越来越不能适应市场经济的发展和人们日益多元的需求,而社会组织由于内部建设和外部环境的诸多问题,还不能有效地提供公共服务,因而有必要在两者的基础上,结合中国实际,探索一种公共服务供给的新模式,既保证组织有较高的能力和较好的政府关系又不影响组织的独立性和竞争机制的引入。鉴于对事业单位模式和社会组织模式进行比较的基础上,政府推动建立、组织自主运作的中间模式不失为可行的第三条路。     

Les pratiques de fonctionnaires canadiens et québécois au chapitre des innovations du travail

This research focuses on the evolution and transformation of work organization and labour relations in the public service in Quebec and Canada. It seeks to determine the nature of innovations in the workplace and the level of employee participation in the innovation process. A survey of 2308 employees in six departments and agencies of the public service in Quebec and Canada reveals that the autonomy of employees, participation and shared responsibility for the development of innovations reflect an important transformation of the workplace. The effect of these innovations depends on the departments in which they occurred. However, the survey results do not permit an analysis of the scope of transformation of the organizational structure. Finally, this article shows that employees and managers are key players in the innovation process.     

Organizational learning among senior public‐service executives: An empirical investigation of culture,decisional latitude and supportive communication

Abstract: For several years, organizational learning has been a concept of interest in the search for efficiency, innovation, and knowledge management in both the private and public sectors. In general, three determinants of organizational learning are identified in the literature: the organizational learning culture as a major determinant, the control or decisional latitude that individual employees have over their work, and the impact of supportive supervisor communication. However, little empirical research has been offered to substantiate the relationship between these variables. As part of the national Association of Professional Executives of the Public Service of Canada (apex) study on work and health, a representative sample of 1,822 public‐service executives were surveyed. Results showed that organizational learning culture and decisional latitude played an important role in the acquisition of organizational learner attitudes and behaviour. Supportive supervisor communication was not significantly related to individual organizational learning. This article offers unique empirical evidence concerning the relationship between organizational learning culture, decisional latitude and individual learning attitudes and behaviour. The discussion emphasizes the contribution of theoretical models of organizational learning and suggests future avenues of research. Sommaire: Depuis plusieurs années, l'apprentissage organisationnel est un concept interessant pour la recherche de l'efficience, de l'innovation et pour la gestion des connaissances, a la fois ans dans les secteurs privé et public. On retrouve generalement trois determinants de l'apprentissage organisationnel dans la documentation: la culture de I'apprentissage organisationnel comme determinant principal, le con‐trôle ou la latitude de décision que les employés individuels ont sur leur travail, et l'impact de la communication des superviseurs attentionnés. Cependant, peu de recherche empirique a été entreprise pour corroborer les relations entre ces variables. Dans le cadre de I'étude nationale de Aapex (Association professionnelle des cadres de la fonction publique du Canada) sur le travail et la santé, un échantillon représentatif de 1 822 cadres supérieurs de la fonction publique ont participéà un sondage.* Les résultats ont indiqué que la culture d'apprentissage organisationnel et la latitude de décision jouaient un rôle important dans l'acquisition d'attitudes et de comportements de l'apprenant organisationnel. La communication des superviseurs attentionnés n'était pas liée de manière significative à l'apprentissage organisationnel individuel. Le présent article offre une évidence empirique unique en ce qui concerne les relations entre la culture d'apprentissage organisationnel, la latitude de décision et l'attitude et les comportements lies à l'apprentissage individuel. Le débat met l'accent sur la contribution des modèles théoriques de l'apprentissage organisationnel et offre des pistes de recherche pour l'avenir.     

From colonization to reconciliation: Increasing the collaborative capacity of public servants

In call to action 57, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission calls upon federal, provincial and territorial governments to enhance the skills and knowledge of public servants. Leveraging collaboration theory and collaborative capacity, this article delves deeper into the skills, attitudes and knowledge required of public servants who regularly work with First Nations organizations and governments. Using findings from a health care collaboration between First Nations, federal and provincial governments in Alberta with 25 mid- to senior-level leaders, this participatory action research highlights the importance of member capacity to strong collaboration as Canada embarks on the journey from colonization to reconciliation.     

无等级的合作:公共部门与非营利部门合作伙伴关系

在突发事件中,为实现公共服务目标而在公共部门与非营利部门间建立合作伙伴关系,这种模式可以为低效率的官僚制管理提供另一种选择。对911事件的实证研究表明,各级公共部门之间及公共部门与非营利部门间加强沟通和协调尤为重要。     

论公安机关内非正式组织的产生、作用及引导

从组织管理的角度看,公安机关内同样存在着不同规模的非正式组织,而且,它们对正式组织的影响是不容忽视的。非正式组织对正式组织的影响既有正面的,也有负面的。因此,应仔细研究和分析公安机关内部的非正式组织并对其进行有效的引导,以发挥非正式组织对组织活动和绩效管理的积极作用。     

谈如何进一步加强公安科技队伍建设

为提高新形势下公安机关预防、打击、管理、服务能力,加快实现公安工作现代化,必须进一步加强公安科技队伍建设。通过积极引进高科技人才,提高公安科技含量;加强学习培训,提高人才素质;努力营造有利于科技队伍成长的环境;提高公安科技人员的政治生活待遇;重整内部职能,优化队伍结构和知识结构等措施,进一步加强公安科技队伍建设。     

Les valeurs collectives de gestion dans la fonction publique Québécoise: la perception des cadres

Sommaire: Cet article présente les résultats d'une enquête réalisée auprès des administrateurs d'État et des cadres supérieurs de la fonction publique du Québec. Elle visait à mieux connaître les valeurs réelles de gestion qui guident les ministères et les organismes gouvernementaux dans la définition de leurs objectifs et dans l'élaboration des règles de conduite de leur personnel. Cet article identifie un groupe de valeurs communes à l'ensemble des organisations (compétence du personnel, économie des ressources, pouvoir de l'organisation et innovation) et un groupe de valeurs propres à certaines organisations (performance au travail, service à la clientèle, excellence, confort du personnel, souplesse de la direction, esprit de collaboration et engagement envers l'organisation). II montre aussi que les principales valeurs de gestion se rapportent aux buts des organisations, tandis que sont reléguées à l'arrière-plan les valeurs concernant la conduite des membres. Abstract: This paper presents the results of a survey of Quebec public service administrators and top managers. The purpose of the survey was to determine the real management values guiding government ministries and organizations when they are defining their objectives and drafting rules of conduct for their personnel. This paper identifies a set of values shared by all organizations (personnel competence, efficient use of resources, organizational power, and innovation) and a set of values specific to certain organizations (work performance, client service, excellence, staff comfort, management flexibility, spirit of cooperation, and commitment to the organization). It also shows that the main management values relate to the objectives of the organization, while values pertaining to members' conduct are pushed into the background.     

非营利组织的再定义

当前对于非营利组织的概念界定是多样的。从其界定的视角看,主要有两种思路:一是从法理上界定;二是从非营利组织的特征上进行定义。这两种界定各有所长,但也存在某些缺陷,急需一种较为全面且具备操作性的概念用于理论探讨和实践。因此,本文在分析已有非营利组织概念的基础上,指出非营利组织是以社会公益或者互益为使命,社会主体自愿参与,通过开展非营利性活动,以达成组织目标的自治性组织机构。     

Public sector performance and decentralization of decision rights

In recent years, governments have introduced several reforms, often adopting management mechanisms traditionally associated with the private sector. This article looks specifically at the impact of decision‐rights decentralization, along with accountability mechanisms, on performance. Twenty public sector organizations, experiencing a shift from rule‐based to outcome‐based control mechanisms and benefiting from different levels of autonomy and decision margins, were studied. Results show a link between the degree of power delegation and increased organizational performance. The units benefiting from greater freedom with respect to financial and human resources decisions experienced the greatest margin of performance increase. These findings underline the importance of considering the level at which measures are defined and the elements included in the measurement mechanisms (outcomes or rules).     

Le modéle-idéal de gestion des professionnels: le point de vue des gestionnaires

Sommaire: Le nombre de professionnels salariés croict de façon réguliere sur le marche du travail. Pourtant, selon certains auteurs, les grandes organisations bureaucratiques n'auraient pas suffisamment pris en compte les aspirations et valeurs des travailleurs intellectuels. II existerait, dans le secteur public, un malaise generalise et constaté, y compris le sentiment de nombreux professionnels que leur organisation ne les valorise pas vraiment. Pour satisfaire leurs aspirations, il s'agirait de mettre en place des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines innovatrices favorisant une meilleure atmosphère de travail, une nouvelle forme de pensée oú l'integrite professionnelle et les finalites organisationnelles seraient maintenues et valorisées. Le but de l'article est de cerner le point de vue des gestionnaires sur la façon de gerer la main-d'oeuvre professionnelle dans leurs organisations. Cette analyse sera effectuee a partir du modele-idéal de gestion des professionnels. Notre etude démontre qu'il serait possible de satisfaire davantage les aspirations professionnelles en matière d'intégration des nouveaux employés, d'appreciation du travail par le superieur, d'amenagement du temps de travail, de signature du travail et d'autonomie. Cependant, les besoins de participation, de communication, de developpe-ment de la carriere et de responsabilisation des professionnels seraient plus difficiles a combler dans des milieux de travail ou il y a centralisation de la prise de decision. Enfin, en matière de mobilite, les aspirations professionnelles seraient limitees par diverses clauses de conventions collectives, de meme que par le type de culture qui existe actuellement dans les organisations du secteur public. Abstract: The number of salaried professionals in the labour market is growing steadily. According to some writers, however, large bureaucratic organizations have not taken sufficient account of the values and expectations of non-manual workers. These writers contend that within the public sector a generalized malaise is expressed in several ways, including the feeling among many professionals that they are not truly appreciated by their organization. To deal with these expectations, innovative human resources management practices should be adopted to promote a better work atmosphere and new thinking through which professional integrity and organizational purposes could be maintained and enhanced. This article seeks to define the perspective of managers on the management of professional employees within their organizations. The analysis begins with the presentation of an ideal model of professional management and shows that it is possible to meet more effectively professional expectations in the field of new-employee integration, work appréciation by superiors, timetable adjustments, work recognition and responsibility. Satisfying professional needs for participation, communication, career development arid empowerment would be more difficult in organizations where decision-making is centralized. Finally, regarding mobility, professional expectations would be limited by several collective-agreement clauses, as well as by the type of corporate culture that presently prevails in public-sector organizations.     

我国公务员职业倦怠的成因及对策

中国公务员职业倦怠程度稳居各行业之首。文章在综合现有研究成果的基础上,从人口统计学变量、个体因素、组织因素和社会因素等多角度探析影响公务员职业倦怠的因素,并在此基础上从个体、组织和社会三个层面探讨公务员职业倦怠的干预对策,以此提升公务员行政执行力。     

非公有制企业党组织在加强社会管理中发挥作用问题研究

非公有制经济组织是社会管理的重要领域,也是加强和创新社会管理的重要力量。在创新和加强社会管理中,非公有制企业党组织发挥作用的途径和方法是,引导企业依法生产经营,做好思想政治工作,构建和谐劳动关系,畅通员工诉求表达渠道和协同做好企业综合治理。为非公有制企业党组织充分发挥作用创造良好外部环境,需要在非公企业中,尽早明确党组织功能定位,不断扩大党组织工作覆盖,加强经营管理者队伍建设、"红色CEO"和党员人才队伍建设、服务型基层党组织建设,以加强流动党员管理服务带动外来人员管理服务,完善与社会管理相关政策法规。     

Management improvement in the Canadian public service, 1999–2010

This article surveys management improvement initiatives in the federal public service during the 2000s and assesses their progress. It reviews eight key areas: management accountability; expenditure management; financial management; human resource management; grants and contributions management; project management and capital investment; internal audit; and processes to sustain public service values and ethics. Although not all of the initiatives have been equally successful, this article argues that general improvement has been realized. The article also considers factors behind the successes, arguing that improvements typically arise from a combination of political, organizational, cultural and economic factors including public service leadership and support at the political level. Recent budget pressures may affect the sustainability of continuing management improvement, but elements for moving forward are clear.     

公共部门中的组织公民行为形成机制及对策——基于动机理论的视角

针对目前组织公民行为研究的现状,从公共部门着手,运用动机理论的视角来探讨公务员组织公民行为形成的机制,并提出相应的对策建议。