中国反腐败刑事法治的若干重大现实问题研究

反腐败是各国面临的一项重大任务,也是当代国际社会的潮流与共识。我国党和政府一贯高度重视反腐败工作,走出了一条适合中国国情、具有中国特色的反腐倡廉道路。但我国的反腐败工作任重道远,还存在一些亟需研究和改进的问题。在当前我国反腐败刑事法治领域,高官腐败犯罪、腐败犯罪的刑事推定、腐败犯罪的异地审判、性贿赂应否犯罪化、腐败犯罪人员的境外追逃和腐败犯罪外移资产的追回等重大现实刑事法治问题值得特别关注,对其深入研究和正确解决可以成为促成反腐败刑事法治进步的重要契机。     

论新时期我国反腐败法律制度创新

我国腐败的泛滥不在于缺少相关制度,而在于现有制度运行的失效,在于法治社会的缺失。对腐败的治理关键在于推进惩治与预防腐败体系建设,从源头上防治腐败。本文从法治社会与防止腐败关系的角度,通过廉政法治文化建设、权力法治化、民主公开的立法、司法独立等几个方面促进廉政法治社会的形成,完善反腐败的法律机制,达到限制权力防止腐败的目的。     

论国际反腐败犯罪的趋势及中国的回应——以《联合国反腐败公约》为参照

从国际反腐败犯罪的历程回顾中可以看出,《联合国反腐败公约》集中体现了国际反腐败犯罪的发展趋势。这种趋势表现为高度重视腐败犯罪问题;主张建立健全的腐败犯罪预防机制;设立严密的腐败犯罪刑事法网;针对腐败犯罪的特点设置特殊的诉讼规则和处罚措施;强调打击腐败犯罪的国际合作;注重腐败犯罪中的资金追回等六个方面。中国应当顺应国际反腐败犯罪趋势,参照《联合国反腐败公约》,从立法与司法两个方面完善反腐败犯罪的刑事法治。     

论腐败控制的法律预防机制

近年来,各国腐败犯罪案发数居高不下,如何建立起腐败犯罪的预防、惩处机制以遏制腐败,成为困扰各国政府的难题。《联合国反腐败公约》和《联合国反腐败全球计划》有关预防腐败的规定和措施为各国制定反腐败法律树立了典范。我国惟有依据国情、总结经验和教训,建立和完善相关的预防和反击腐败的法律机制,才能真正实现行政法治。     

法治反腐 规范运行

正2014年1月13日,王岐山同志在第十八届中央纪委第三次全会上强调,坚持以法治思维和法治方式反对腐败,提高依纪依法惩治腐败的能力。我们要深人贯彻落实讲话精神,用法治思维和法治方式反对腐败,不断推进反腐败斗争的制度化、规范化。在惩治腐败的斗争中,若只是"头痛医头,脚痛医脚",一些不正之风和腐败现象就会改头换面、应急躲避,风     

《联合国反腐败公约》的实施与我国反贿赂犯罪法的完善

2003年《联合国反腐败公约》是国际社会专门预防和打击腐败的最新法律成果,反贿赂犯罪是其重要内容之一。我国应完善反贿赂犯罪立法以推动反腐败领域国际法治与中国法治的良性互动。我国应完善《刑法》的相关规定,为将来实施公约作好法律准备。     

腐败犯罪嫌疑人外逃的另一种动力——腐败犯罪死刑适用不平等分析

《联合国反腐败公约》即将对我国生效，这对我国打击腐败犯罪、遏制腐败行为的发生将产生积极的作用。但是，由于中外刑罚制度存在差异以及各国在国际刑事司法协助方面存在的困难和分歧，使得我国在打击腐败犯罪的过程中出现死刑适用不平等的结果，这反而又成为了刺激腐败犯罪嫌疑人外逃的一种动力。这一现象的出现将对我国打击腐败犯罪产生消极作用，同时也会对我国法治建设带来负面影响。从现实的角度出发，为了追求法律对公民的平等适用，解决这一问题的方法就只能是：要么在中外双边引渡条约签订过程中，请求对方放弃坚持死刑犯不引渡原则；要么我国废除对腐败等经济犯罪适用死刑。     

坚持以法治思维和方式反对腐败

正既要树立反腐无禁区理念,查处大案要案,提振社会反腐败信心;也要严肃查处侵害群众利益的职级小、数额小、事情小的案件,让人民群众从每一个腐败案件的查处中感受到公平正义。以零容忍态度惩治腐败,坚持"老虎"、"苍蝇"一起打。在依法治国的大背景下,如何以法治思维和法治方式反对腐败,是各级纪检监察机关亟须解决的重大理论和现实问题。法洽思维是基于法治的固有特性和对法治的信念,认识事物、     

必须坚持以零容忍态度惩治腐败

正腐败是社会毒瘤,如果任凭腐败问题愈演愈烈,最终必然导致亡党亡国。坚决反对腐败,防止党在长期执政条件下腐化变质,是我们党必须抓好的重大政治任务。坚持以零容忍态度惩治腐败,要求我们必须坚持"老虎"、"苍蝇"一起打,不断加大办案工作力度,坚决把党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争进行到底:必须坚持抓早抓小,治病救人;必须严明审查纪律,不断加强办案安全工作:必须用法治思维和法治方式反对腐败,不断推进反腐败斗争的制度化、规范化。     

《中国历史上的腐败与反腐败》(上、下册)

本书是一部对中国古代历史上的腐败与反腐败问题进行全面研究的论著。与以往的反贪史和廉政制度史的相关论著不同,也与以往把腐败简单地归纳为剥削阶级的属性不同,本书将腐败与反腐败作为古代国家与社会发展过程中相伴随的一种政治现象,探讨其产生的根源、政府的对策,以及历代思想家对腐败与反腐败问题的思考。全书各篇分别从时代特点、腐败表现形式、监察与法律制度、反腐败思想等几个方面对每个朝代的相关问题作     

Protecting integrity at the local level: the role of anticorruption and public management networks

This article argues that anti-corruption agencies at the local-level have been successful in a way that can be evaluated and emulated. A related contention is that corruption control is most effective when the central public integrity agency is part of both a local anticorruption network and a local public management network. Quite reasonably, the international anti-corruption project has focused most time and energy on advocating and assessing efforts made to ensure public integrity at the national level. Baseline studies by scholars and supra-national integrity nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) identify the form of corruption control (if any) adopted by the central government. Key considerations in assessing the status of national anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) are the ones mentioned in the introduction to this special issue: political independence, scope of authority, investigatory powers, position in the national legal/political network, durability, and use of effectiveness measures. Similar taxonomies are deployed by OLAF, Transparency International, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and by scholars on corruption control.     

Difficulties Confronted by ICSID Tribunals in Deciding International Investment Corruption Cases and Possible Solutions

The issue of corruption has attracted increasing attention in the study and practice of international investment law during recent years. After taking prudent consideration of the corruption defense invoked by the host states in some international investment arbitration cases involved with corruption, International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunals accordingly determined the final awards. However, some parts of the arbitral jurisprudence aroused strong criticism, especially with regard to the ICSID tribunals’ reasoning that arbitrators have no jurisdiction over corruption-tainted international investments. The ICSID tribunals are legitimately supposed to exercise their jurisdiction and are lawfully obliged to probe into the nature of corrupt activities. The tribunals are strongly expected to adopt a balanced approach in deciding the merits and fairly weighing the obligations, rights, and interests of both disputing parties. It is preferable to strengthen the collaborative interaction between ICSID proceedings and domestic anti-corruption enforcement mechanisms when it comes to combating corrupt international investment activities. Existing international treaties (or specific treaty provisions) on combating corruption in international business transactions and calling for international cooperation, alongside domestic anti-corruption enforcement legislation, have actually laid solid legal foundations for the establishment of such an anti-corruption coordinative mechanism between ICSID and domestic corruption regulatory authorities on the global level.     

香港廉政法制建设的启示与借鉴

贪污腐败是人类社会之毒瘤，廉政法制建设备受世界各国政府的广泛重视，我国香港地区在这方面取得了骄人的成绩。其成功经验，无疑对我国正在开展的反腐倡廉工作和经济特区的和谐发展具有借鉴意义。     

《联合国反腐败公约》中的引渡制度探析

<联合国反腐败公约>是目前反腐败方面最重要的国际法律文件,它筑起了一道强大的国际反腐法律强网.实现对腐败犯罪的引渡是国际反腐败的一种自然延伸.而<联合国反腐败公约>关于引渡的规定既是对缔约国的要求,也是各国进行国际合作的有效路径.为了实现对腐败犯罪的引渡,接受"死刑犯不引渡原则"则是我国的上上选择.     

Combating corruption and the role of the judiciary in Nigeria: beyond rhetoric and crassness

The role of the judiciary in combating corruption in Nigeria cannot be overemphasised. However, its ability to combat corruption is a function of the legal and political mechanisms in place. In Nigeria, these mechanisms and their effectiveness in the anti-corruption fight remain thorny issues. The judiciary faces myriad of challenges, ranging from perceived corrupt practices by judicial officers, interference by politicians, and the adjudicatory system in Nigeria. However, we are of the view that the judiciary can perform its role in the anti-corruption fight if its efforts are adequately complemented by legislation.     

灰色地带:反腐败法律的文化分析

法人类学对腐败和反腐败法律的分析做出了重要贡献。指出了法律界定为"腐败"的行为的社会根基以及腐败行为的两个规范框架:国家的法律和社会惯例;评估腐败问题时存在的双重标准:国际组织和西方国家常常认为"南方"和"东方"国家的腐败问题比"发达"国家更严重;反腐败与政治稳定常常难以求得平衡,媒体对腐败的报道带来了一系列棘手的问题,在处理反腐败问题时常常采用过于简单的两分法。法律人应当对这些卓识给予更多的关注。这对于理解英国的几个重大案件具有重要的意义。     

法治视野下的网络反腐

网络反腐法治化建设的宪政意义在于它是电子民主时代公民参政权的重要展现。参政权作为宪法及法律规定的现代社会公民享有的基本权利,在于确认和保障公民参与国家管理及社会事务的管理,监督和抑制权力滥用及其腐败。电子民主时代,网络参政拓宽了公民民主参与的渠道,公民参政权的实现变得切实可行。网络反腐法治化有利于公民参政权的落实,进而有力地推进民主监督制度的发展。网络反腐法治化的基本理念包括公众参与、规范统一、网民保护、信息公开,而建立健全网络反腐的法律制度,保护并激励网络举报人是其法治化的路径选择。     

From global problems to international norms: what does the social construction of a global corruption problem tell us about the emergence of an international anti-corruption norm

This article examines the ontological contestation that is inherent to the emergence of an international anti-corruption norm. First, the article briefly analyses the compatibility of an agenda on the social construction of problems from sociology and the well-established study of norms in constructivist IR. It argues that an analytical shift from the study of norms to the social construction of problems can shed light on the power relations that underlie international norms, and corruption in particular. The article traces the emergence of a global corruption problem up to the early 2000s when scholars have traditionally placed the establishment of an international anti-corruption norm. It first shows the contestation of corruption as a global issue on the level of problem definition, and then, it shows the role of venue shopping and venue shifting in the diffusion of anti-corruption talks and the norm cascade of the 1990s. The article concludes with an analysis of how the social construction of problems challenges the conventional approach of the emergence of an international anti-corruption norm.     

权力影响非分所得的制度防范

有效反腐必须善于发现、解决反腐中出现的新问题。权力影响非分所得是反腐中遇到的新问题,目前,权力影响非分所得的存在具有较大的社会危害性。造成这种现象的原因主要包括社会原因、体制原因、心理原因等。对此,需要在反腐斗争中针对新问题提出新对策。而有效防范权力影响非分所得需要综合运用市场运作手段、法律调整手段、从政伦理手段。     

Combatting institutional corruption: The policy-centered approach

How can institutional corruption be combatted? While recent years have seen a growth in anti-corruption literature, examples of countries rooting out systemic corruption remain few. The lack of success stories has sparked an academic debate about the theoretical foundations of anti-corruption frameworks: primarily between proponents of the principal-agent framework and those seeing systemic corruption as the result of collective-action problems. Through an analysis of current principal-agent and collective action anti-corruption literature, this article adds two additional arguments to the debate: (a) the need to specify what one talks about when talking about systemic corruption and (b) the necessity to move beyond the principal-agent versus collective action frameworks dichotomy towards a policy-centered approach for how to combat institutional corruption. Having outlined how institutional corruption can be seen as one type of systemic corruption, this article shows how a policy-centered approach such as strengthening the appearance standard through an independent public commission can address theoretical mechanisms emphasized in each anti-corruption framework–thus arguing that the frameworks complement rather than rival each other. The article ends by arguing for an anti-corruption discourse acknowledging that a multifaceted problem such as corruption requires multiple frameworks rather than attempts for silver-bullet explanations.