从摹彷签名笔迹造特征探究检验及鉴定

对摹仿签名笔迹的检验是文检鉴定工作中常见的工作之一,不少文检工作者对此均有各自的见解.本文结合十余年文检工作经验和体会,从摹仿签名笔迹的主、客观特征、识别要点、检验原则等几个方面对摹仿签名笔迹进行识别和检验,提出了从摹仿签名笔迹受主、客观因素影响而形成的主、客观特征出发,运用综合评断原则对其进行检验及鉴定的观点.     

再看摹仿签名笔迹鉴定

由于签名笔迹字数少、可摹仿性强的特点,长期以来,摹仿签名笔迹鉴定始终是笔迹鉴定的难点。笔者从不同类型的摹仿方法出发,讨论不同方法下摹仿签名笔迹的特点,总结其特征规律。同时要重视笔迹鉴定过程中了解相关案情,为识别是否存在摹仿现象提供线索。在此基础之上,对比摹仿签名笔迹特征的变化规律,并从摹仿签名笔迹特征反映构成方面系统性地进行鉴定,鉴别是否存在摹仿签名的情况。通过撰写此文,以期对摹仿签名笔迹鉴定实务具有借鉴意义。     

练习摹仿笔迹特征鉴定价值分析及同一认定条件

练习摹仿笔迹鉴定是笔迹鉴定中比较难的一种，但在司法实践中又比较常见，在借据、收据、签名、批示笔迹的书写上常常被作案人采用。本文对练习摹仿笔迹的特征及其鉴定价值进行了分析，并总结出作为一般规律的识别要素，以期对练习摹仿笔迹的鉴定提供一定的参考依据。     

论笔迹学中的“运笔”

文字的书写过程,其实质是用笔写字的动作完成过程,故笔迹必然反映运笔动作。研究笔迹必然分析运笔,不仅应重视运笔动作本身,还应重视动作实现过程中的相关制约因素,从而力求从运笔的内涵和形成要件、笔迹对运笔动作及其相关制约因素的反映方式和程度两个方面进行系统、深入的分析,以此揭示笔迹鉴定的根本属性,即借助对笔迹表象的比对分析,从本质上认定书写习惯体系的同一性。然后探索笔迹鉴定过程中特征认识和判断的依据与标准,力求在笔迹学理论中形成对运笔的系统认识和总结。     

浅谈摹仿老年人签名笔迹鉴定

笔迹鉴定中,签名笔迹的鉴定是一直是鉴定中的难点,而摹仿老年人签名笔迹的鉴定,由于把老年人的笔迹特点与摹仿伪装笔迹的特点糅合在了一起,更成为了难点中的难点。为此,笔者查阅相关资料和结合自身鉴定实践,对摹仿老年人签名笔迹的特点以及鉴定依据和方法进行一些探讨。     

复写摹仿笔迹检验初探

书写动作系统的核心是书写动力定型,摹仿书写由于受各种主客观条件的限制,不可能改变原有的动力定型。在复写摹仿笔迹的鉴定实践中,较容易出现的错误是不能正确识别复写摹仿笔迹以及评断不同性质的笔迹特征。所以,可以通过实验观察分析,探讨在复写摹仿的不同笔迹中,如何甄别摹仿的特征和自身稳定的动作特征,同时总结出检验这类笔迹的方法要点。     

浅析摹仿签名笔迹鉴定

摹仿签名笔迹检验是笔迹检验的难点,认定签名摹仿人更是难中之难;笔者通过正确确定签名笔迹的真伪,从签名笔迹的概貌特征和细节特征之中运用辩证的观点正确认定摹仿人。     

摹仿逝者少量字签名的鉴定方法与价值特征分析

通过分析一起摹仿逝者签名笔迹的案件鉴定,初步探讨摹仿少量字签名的基本特征,在此基础上归纳出伪造少量字签名笔迹特征的基本规律,从签名笔迹的概貌特征和细节特征之中运用辩证的观点做出准确的结论。     

浅谈不显露型习摹笔迹的辨识及检验技巧

以前，每当提及摹仿笔迹，便会立即将“形快实慢、运笔生涩、弯曲抖动、停顿重描”等征兆与摹仿二字划上等号。然而事实上，在科学技术高速发展的今天，随着人们书写水平的普遍提高，一种不显露型的练习摹仿笔迹的出现率正逐渐增多。有相当数量的摹仿者脱离常规的仿写模式，经过临摹与记忆摹仿等多种手段的综合练习，使摹仿笔迹蒙以“书写自然、运笔流利”的假象充斥于伪造证据之中。此种习摹笔迹不仅会使探案人员陷入迷宫，而且极易导致执法机关错鉴误判，对此我们决不可掉以轻心。为了及时有效地识别习摹笔迹，确保摹仿字检案质量，笔者拟…     

一起套摹笔迹的鉴定

笔者曾受理鉴定了一起套摹两人笔迹伪造10万元借条的案件,该检材共24字“赵某私借范某壹拾万元整现金.赵某,96.8.20日”.书写水平较高,字的结构正常,书写速度适中,较长笔划无抖动弯曲和中途停顿,运笔无生涩和修饰重描,更无布局异常、丢笔、少划与套压痕迹.因而,儿个鉴定部门均未发现其有摹仿.笔者受理此案后,在没有发现象教科书中所讲的摹仿特征的情况下,不急于结论,而是运用系统的观点和方法,注意发现和研究反序信息,最终确认该笔迹是一起精心策划的套摹笔迹.初检时,笔者并没有发现检材有明显套摹迹象,因而,果断地放弃了上述套摹特征,而从似与套摹特征毫无关系的其它4个方面挖掘和寻找违反常序的信息,进而跟踪研究,终于发现了检材笔迹的本质属性.     

笔迹动态特征研究

笔迹是通过书写运动形成的轨迹,由静态要素和动态要素所组成,承载着时间和空间信息。笔迹动态特征是客观存在的,它是书写人书写技能和书写习惯的外在表现,主要包括速度特征、笔力特征、脉冲特征、节奏特征等。对笔迹动态特征进行研究,多视域地挖掘和认识笔迹特征,可为笔迹检验鉴定意见提供更全面、更深层的支撑。     

中文笔迹性别差异的研究

目的考察中文笔迹的性别差异。方法采用中文笔迹测验材料对236名大学生的书写样本进行了测量,并对笔迹特征进行了统计分析。结果男性的书写水平低于女性,男性书写速度比女性快,男性笔迹较潦草,轻重疾徐的节奏感较弱;男性书写时所留页边比女性小;男性笔迹的连笔比女性多,转折角度比女性大;男性笔迹的字行间距大于女性。     

Study on the Method Used to Display Self‐fading Lines and Erasable Lines

Two new kinds of writing tools are popular in China's market. One is a self‐fading pen, and another is an erasable pen. The ink of the two kinds of writing tools has a remarkable characteristic that it can gradually fade or disappear under heat or be rubbed off. How to reveal the disappeared written lines is a very important question for document examiners. In this article, three series of ink line samples were made with five types of self‐fading pens, 18 types of erasable pens, and three types of papers. Temperature, humidity, and lighting are known as influential factors of the process, and the effect of fading was examined. Luminescence, ultraviolet (UV), sidelight, electrostatic indentation development,low temperature, and solution revealing methods are found to be effective methods used to reveal the disappeared written lines. The best operating conditions for each method were obtained from the conducted experiments.     

Individuality of handwritten Arabic numerals in local population

This paper reports the statistical study of writing habits for Arabic Numerals of 187 subjects in Hong Kong. A classification system of writing habits for Arabic numerals based on assigned codes of characteristic features such as slant, writing direction, relative position of strokes, angularity of turnings, shape of initial and ending strokes, etc. was developed. A set of characteristic codes representing the profile of writing habits pertaining to Arabic numerals was assigned to each writer. Apart from the distribution of characteristic features, statistical analysis of the assigned codes demonstrated homogeneity of individual hand-writing patterns. It has been shown that irrespective of the structural simplicity of Arabic numerals, no two individuals exhibited the same set of characteristic codes. The findings support the hypothesis of individuality in handwriting.     

Gelatine lifting, a novel technique for the examination of indented writing

The limitations of the examination of indented writing impressions using electrostatic detection are often paper related. Paper types such as glossy paper, paper of high basis weight, and lithography or gravure-printed papers often give rise to problems resulting in a decrease in sensitivity or a lack of detection altogether. In this paper, a novel technique for the examination of indented writing is presented, which is in a sense complimentary to the technique of electrostatic detection as it is especially suitable for glossy-coated and printed paper types and can in some instances also deal with paper types of higher basis weight. Indented writing grooves will normally contain more particles than the surrounding nonindented areas due to damage of the surface layer resulting in a build-up of filler powder. The method presented uses black gelatine lifter slabs to lift the paper dust image off the surface of the paper. This image can quite easily be photographed using near-to-coaxial lighting. The gelatine lifting method outperforms oblique lighting for the detection of indented writing and is almost as sensitive as electrostatic detection if compared on the types of paper where both perform well. The main advantage of this new technique is, however, that it is especially suitable for those types of paper where electrostatic detection fails and is therefore a welcome addition to the range of methods available to a forensic document examiner for the examination of indented writing.     

论汉字笔迹字群结构习惯及特征

目的字群结构是汉字书写动作系统中高频率书写词汇而形成的特殊单字整体结构。其书写动作的习惯特性不同于单字书写动作系统，具有超出单字书写动作习惯的特性和特殊表现形式。因此对字群结构及其特征的研究有利于完善笔迹鉴定的特征体系，尤其是对签名字迹和具有职业习惯者书写的少量字迹的同一认定有一定价值。     

公安文书写作规律与技巧研究

公安机关奖惩性公文的写作规律和技巧。写作奖惩性公文,首先要选择文种;其次,嘉奖令、奖惩性决定和嘉奖批评性通报写作上有其共同的规律。法定公文与刑事法律文书写作特点有不同;此外,不管是向上级汇报工作、反映情况、答复上级的询问,还是向上级请求指示、批准事项,亦或是答复下级的请示事项,所使用的文种和行文要求都不同。最后,刑事法律文书写作所揭示的规律,完全可以用来指导治安法律文书的写作,当然,它们两者之间也有许多不同。     

论《三国演义》赤壁之战的叙事节奏

节奏是作品内在的旋律.赤壁之战的节奏包括三个部分:一是言语与语言.赤壁之战的语言可分为叙述性言语和人物言语.这两个部分不但创造了赤壁之战的艺术审美情境,而且还?构 起到提升<三国演义>艺术质量的作用.二是时间与空间.作者用八回的篇幅写赤壁之战,将短时间内发生的事情拉长,多层面地强调空间在故事中的作用,形成了独特的时空节奏.三是情节与非情节.情节与非情节作为赤壁之战的叙事节奏,不但决定了故事的发展速度,而且创造了独特的审美情境.     

Have you signed your electronic contract?

The ease with which business can be transacted over the Internet raises various issues, not least among which are writing and signature requirements. While it has been established that an electronic record is a functional equivalent of writing, the position appears to be less clear with regard to electronic signatures. This paper examines the signature requirement as it applies to electronic contracts, in particular the form of electronic signature that can serve the functional equivalent of a handwritten signature for the purpose of the English Statute of Frauds 1677 and its various re-enactments. Reference will be made to legislation, the relevant UNCITRAL Model Laws and UN Conventions as well as to the substantial body of case law on paper contracts for analytical and comparative purposes.     

Investigation of the new possibility of mathematical processing of Raman spectra for dating documents

The use of spectral analysis methods to determine the age of writing inks is an important forensic task. However, the use of spectral data for this purpose has a number of limitations and difficulties. This paper considers the application of the Raman spectroscopy method to an urgent forensic task. The known mechanisms of dye degradation are analyzed; Raman bands are identified that are related to the age of the sample. In a sample of 5 randomly selected writing inks, temporary markers were identified. Narrow sections of Raman spectra containing characteristic lines were used for analysis. It was shown that processing narrow sections of the Raman spectra using the PCA chemometric method allowed the separation of writing inks into groups (clusters) corresponding to different creation intervals.