在线纠纷解决机制的困境和对策

ODR机制作为一种新生的纠纷解决方式，其在解决小额的、当事人间物理距离遥远的网络民事纠纷方面具有特别优势。而ODR机制存在着受理案件的有限性、提供救济方式的有限性、技术工具的双刃性等价值定位缺陷；存在着信任性不足、接近性难等实务利用缺陷；存在着程序被滥用、实践标准混乱等制度设计缺陷。ODR机制价值定位存在的缺陷是ODR本身所固有的，无法克服；实务利用缺陷和制度设计缺陷则可以通过相应的对策予以消减甚至消除。     

论B2C电子商务模式下ODR的构建

对于不断增长的B2C电子商务模式来说，一个合理的、简便易行的纠纷解决机制是十分必要的。B2C模式下的电子商务纠纷呈现出其独特的特点。ODR以其高效、公平、快捷、低成本的特点，不仅弥补了传统司法体制的不足，也迎合了B2C电子商务模式发展的需要。B2C模式下，把技术作为纠纷解决的“第四方”，有效的ODR制度的构建要把握三个要素：参与者、网络技术和程序，并辅之建立在线诚信体系的相关配套措施。     

浅议ODR解决B2C电子商务纠纷的优势

网上纠纷解决机制(ODR)具有高效,公平,快捷,成本低廉的优势,适应了全球B2C电子商务环境对纠纷解决的要求.本文将具体探讨ODR解决B2C电子商务纠纷的优势所在,及在B2C电子商务模式下建构我国ODR的必要性.     

电子商务中在线纠纷解决机制初探——以信息技术应用和消费者保护为视角

基于信息技术的在线纠纷解决机制(ODR)在电子商务领域得到了良好的发展,它具有以利益为导向的创造性解决消费者纠纷的潜力.在线协商、在线调解和在线仲裁等都应秉承保护消费者的基本原则,并依赖于不同类别信息技术的保障和推动.ODR优势和障碍并存,多数障碍可随信息技术的发展和法律制度的完善逐渐得以克服.     

我国知识产权纠纷诉讼解决的现状及评析

知识产权纠纷迥异于传统民事纠纷,具有结果难以预测、纠纷交叉、当事人利益目标多元等特殊性。我国当今知识产权纠纷解决机制是以诉讼为主导的运行方式,其中,知识产权诉讼机制的困境在于程序的拖延;诉讼调解的难题则在于其悖离了调解的中立性原则。各纠纷解决方式难以协调、高效运行。其根本原因在于当下纠纷解决机制的建构是从客体要素出发的,较少关注当事人的个体因素对纠纷解决之影响。而纠纷解决过程实质上是当事人利益博弈的过程。因此,应运用博弈理论,从当事人的预期利益目标出发分析不同纠纷解决方式下风险一收益,将知识产权纠纷类型化,并配置相应的纠纷解决方式。     

论我国知识产权纠纷解决机制的多元构建

知识产权纠纷具有高度复杂性、利益保护紧迫性和市场关联性等显著特征,其纠纷解决机制的多元构建应坚持注重效率、保密性、市场导向并兼顾消费者的利益.而单一的诉讼机制并不能完全满足当事人的上述解决纠纷需求,基于多元化纠纷解决机制与当事人程序主体性理论,应当不断发展和完善诉讼、仲裁、调解等多元机制,并建立程序引导、法院附设ADR、司法确认、保障促进、诉讼服务等配套机制,为知识产权纠纷当事人提供便捷、高效、多元的纠纷解决途径.     

互联网络域名争议解决机制——以贸仲为例

随着互联网络(INTERNET)在商业领域中的广泛使用以及人们对其依赖性的日益增加，有关互联网络域名的注册及使用而引发的争议也日益增多，有关互联网络域名争议解决机制也随之出现，以便建立一个快速、可靠及高效的争议解决方式，为当事人提供优质快捷的在线域名争议解决服务，以增强并确保人们对使用互联网从事商贸的信心。本文在对域名发展简史、域名的概念、特征、法律地位和域名管理以及域名纠纷的产生、域名纠纷的类型及纠纷的解决进行相应的介绍和考查后，着重并较为系统地介绍了中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(贸仲)的互联网络域名争议解决机制，以及该机制所涉及的国际及国内有关域名争议解决的程序性及实体性规定，并对贸仲域名争议解决机制的特色和优点进行了相应的归纳和总结。     

浅析在线纠纷解决制度(ODR)在中国的发展——以淘宝网争议处理模式为例

传统的争议处理模式已经不适应电子商务的发展,在线纠纷解决制度(ODR)能够成为电子商务纠纷处理的重要途径。文章以淘宝网的争议处理模式为例,分析了ODR在中国运用的广泛前景,并从企业、政府、法律规制等方面,对ODR在中国的进一步发展提出了建议。     

论ADR对重塑我国非诉讼纠纷解决体系的意义

非诉讼纠纷解决方式 (ADR)是美国近 30年来异军突起的诉讼外纠纷解决机制。它是各种不违背法律强制性规定的 ,由纠纷双方当事人自主选择并控制的 ,替代诉讼程序解决民事纠纷方式方法的总称。ADR具有灵活解决纠纷、合理分配司法资源、降低纠纷解决成本等功能。由于我国传统法律文化等因素和ADR具有较大的亲和性 ,引进国外ADR的先进经验对重塑我国非诉讼纠纷解决体系具有重大的现实意义     

刑事上诉程序的纠纷解决功能——以三审终审制为背景

刑事上诉程序并不是初审程序的简单重复,它在整个司法系统中起到了一审程序难以实现的促进法院解决纠纷正当化的作用.刑事上诉程序本身的技术设计不仅有助于上诉法院纠正尚未生效的错误裁判,而且使当事人影响诉讼进程以及诉讼结局的权利和机会受到了尊重,从而有助于增强裁判结果的可接受性.在现代司法等级制度中,刑事上诉程序的纠纷解决功能并非没有节制,而是受到救济范围以及上诉权等方面的限制.     

The New Hong Kong Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy: A Comparative Analysis

On 24 April, 2001, Hong Kong adopted a new Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy. This represents the efforts of Hong Kong to strengthen management of its domain name disputes, particularly for 'cybersquatting' cases. This article first analyses the salient features of the Policy, including grounds for complaints, rights of complainants, confusingly similar domain names, use of domain names, evidence of registration and use in bad faith, and legitimate interests of domain name owners. The article evaluates the merits of the Policy, including its flexibility, low cost and time-saving efficiency. It also evaluates its demerits, including its restrictive scope, bias toward trademark owners, inadequate coverage for 'reverse domain name hijacking', limited range of remedies, and possibilities for further court proceedings. The article then concludes that the Policy is laudable as it demonstrates the determination and intention of Hong Kong to observe the international standards and practice in its information technology laws.     

ODR的管辖权问题探析

ODR虽以当事人协议选择为基础,能绕过法院无法针对网络空间发生的争议进行管辖的困境,但ODR管辖权本身却存在合法性、合意性、有效性、可执行力以及与诉讼关系不明确等诸多问题。因此,必须有法律的明确认可与保障,才能保证ODR作为一种高效的争议解决机制,发挥其应有的作用。     

The Need for Confidentiality in Evaluative Processes: Arbitration and Med/Arb in Family Law Cases

Arbitration, mediation/arbitration and arbitration/mediation allow parties to resolve their disputes usually more expeditiously, privately and with less cost than going to court. While confidentiality is seen as essential to the mediation process and often included in statutes, confidentiality seems less essential to a more adversarial process. Confidentiality provisions rest at the intersection between privacy and self‐determination and the protection of vulnerable parties in family law disputes. This article explores the importance of confidentiality clauses in drafting arbitration and med/arb or arb/med agreements.     

Online Dispute Resolution and Bargaining

The automated negotiation process seems to be a powerful mechanism to resolve disputes arising from Internet-based transactions. Automated negotiation is an online blind-bidding process in which an automated algorithm evaluates bids from the parties and settles the case if the offers are within a prescribed range. Following the arguments of the dispute resolution professionals, the main advantage of this procedure is to promote natural agreements by restoring the parties' right to negotiate on their own, without the presence of a third party in the shadow of negotiations. Our purpose is to investigate this issue by modelling the automated negotiation process as a two-person bargaining game under incomplete information. A first result states that, given incomplete information, not all mutually beneficial agreements can be attained via the procedure. Furthermore, the settlement rule has a drastic effect on the players' strategies, which induces that the automated negotiation process does not significantly increase the likelihood of a settlement. The ability of the procedure to generate efficiency is only due to the costs imposed on parties if a disagreement occurs, that is the combination of players' risk aversion and uncertainty.     

The use of technology in the transformation of business dispute resolution

The use of technology in dispute resolution mechanism can be viewed from two perspectives: first, as an aid in the conventional dispute resolution system, and second, as an online dispute resolution mechanism via the Internet. Online dispute resolution (ODR) is transforming the way disputes are being resolved, in particular, in business to consumer (B2C) transactions. ODR offers a more successful means of resolving e-commerce disputes. In fact, there is a new move by the Malaysian judiciary to transform its court system. Previously, the judiciary has been very conventional in its administration of justice, and the system is said to be slow and outdated. The court system in Malaysia has been frequently criticised because of its dilatoriness in resolving disputes, resulting in a large backlog of cases. To overcome these problems, the judiciary has introduced a new system called the e-court. New methods including as e-filing, electronic case management, queue management, and court recording and transcribing form the complete e-court mechanism.     

Arbitration in financial dispute resolution: the final step to reconstructing the default(s) and exception(s)?

In this article, I argue for caution in embracing family arbitration as a new form of private ordering for resolving parties' financial disputes. I explain that family arbitration may be more successful than other forms of private ordering and final court hearings in enabling certain types of parties to resolve certain types of disputes. I consider why family arbitration may not become numerically significant despite its potential benefits, but may be much more important in normative terms. Lawyer-led negotiations remain the most common form of out-of-court resolution and constitute the de facto default form of bargaining in the shadow of the normative regime framed by ss 23–25 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. Together with the transformation in approach to nuptial agreements, family arbitration may mark a normative shift towards autonomy and private ordering. I question whether this is a desirable step for family law, at least before we have resolved the underlying policy debate.     

域名权可为抵押权标的之民法分析

知识产权具有不同于其它可供作为质权标的的性质 ,而具有极类似于抵押权标的的性质。知识产权作为抵押权的标的 ,符合现代物权法定原则的发展趋势。域名权应具有权利的地位 ,是一种独立的知识产权。域名权可作为抵押权标的 ,在物权法中可通过两种途径来实现 :一是在可抵押的财产中列举符合抵押权标的本质特征的知识产权种类 ,将域名权包括在内 ;二是在企业财产的集合抵押中予以规定 ,即域名权以一个企业的集合体的形式共同设定抵押来达到设定抵押的目的。构建域名权抵押制度 ,还应在立法中明确规定域名权抵押公示制度 ,完善域名权抵押的价值评估机制。     

法院与当事人诉讼角色定位之机理探析

民事诉讼是以解决纠纷为目的的活动。在诉讼过程中 ,法院与当事人之间的相互关系即彼此在诉讼中的地位 ,直接决定了一个国家民事诉讼的体制性问题。如何调整法院与当事人在诉讼中的诉讼关系 ,是每一个国家民事诉讼法必须解决并加以规定的基本内容。民事诉讼的辩论原则、处分原则以及诚实信用原则 ,从不同的角度界定了法院与当事人在诉讼中的地位。辩论原则在形成法院裁判的基础方面起着调节作用 ;而处分原则在程序的进行、权利的处置等方面的支配权进行分配 ;诚实信用原则则在均衡并促成法院与当事人协同诉讼方面发挥着作用。     

两岸投资协议下争端解决的机构选择

自两岸签署《海峡两岸经济合作架构协议（ECFA）》之后,两岸投资保护协议成为一项重要议程。因此,如何选择投资争端解决的模式就显得至关重要：既要避开政治上的考虑,如选择ICSID解决争端,又要避开让人窘迫的WTO解决模式,还要避开有利益冲突的各种解决争端机构。本文围绕这个主题。提出一个比较新型和理想的模式,即选用第三地仲裁机构解决两岸的投资争端,而香港的仲裁机构应该是一个最佳选择。