反思·借鉴·重构——关于完善我国家庭暴力概念的思考

根据最高人民法院的司法解释,家庭暴力是指行为人以殴打、捆绑、残害、强行限制人身自由或者其他手段,给其家庭成员的身体、精神等方面造成一定伤害后果的行为。这在一定程度上解决了新婚姻法颁布后所遇到的司法实践难题,具有十分重要的积极意义。然而,基于家庭暴力的普遍性和复杂性,该解释仍显不足,司法实践中困惑犹存。因此,有必要重新界定家庭暴力概念,完善相关理论,以利于司法实践中正确认定家庭暴力和有效处理相关纠纷。     

警察介入家庭暴力之现实困境与破解

由于法律的限制、传统社会亚文化的浸淫、警察系统的被动回应及受害人态度的反复不明,致使警察在介入家庭暴力时存在困境.通过立法的类比性规定、警察系统执法的积极回应及被害人对证据的收集敏感性等面相的提升来破解上述困境.     

《家庭暴力防治法》立法建构的思考

家庭暴力已经成为全球性的社会问题,如何有效地预防和解决这种社会现象成为我国面临的重大课题,制定一部专门的《家庭暴力防治法》应是解决这一问题的根本举措.我国的《家庭暴力防治法》应坚持国家的有限干预、意思自治、综合防治三大原则,从民事、行政、刑事三大方面建构我国的家庭暴力防治法.     

“常回家看看”入法难具可操作性

毋庸置疑,多名委员、代表建议将“常回家看看”纳入法律范畴,体现委员、代表对老年人生活及传统孝道文化延续的关切,也．折射出时下年轻人因社会压力大而忽视对家中老人关爱这·较普遍存在的社会问题,老吾老而及人之老,将我们中国传统的孝道文化传承和发扬光大,不仅是对老人现实的精神慰藉,也是给自己将来的晚年幸福‘埋单”,为自己的子女做出榜样。其中也不乏有为时下孝道“滑坡”而产生的忧虑,寄希望用立法的形式确保老人享有“被子女定期探视与问候”的权利。     

“引礼入法”困境之探索

每一种社会形态下的法律思想,都一定有其特有的社会背景和观念基础。就眼下中国而言,正在以高速发展的姿态展现在世人面前,这种发展深入到了社会生活的方方面面。在法制建设方面,具体引进、吸收、应用西方先进法律体系时,结合中国现状,却出现了一些现代法治理念水土不服的情形,简言之就是产生了情与法的冲突。在此背景下引入其他价值体系来解决中国本土实际问题是有必要的,即引礼入法来填补现代法治体系与本土民间生活的真空地带,但也不可否认这一举措的开展将面临的困境,也是本文图讨论的关键。     

家庭暴力之主体再探讨

现代文明与法治人权保障敦促各国干预家庭暴力,而家庭暴力依旧屡禁不止.《婚姻法司法解释一》在确定性界定“家庭暴力”内涵及外延时未就家庭暴力之“家庭成员”作出明确的法律界定.《反家庭暴力法(征集意见稿)》以“近亲属”为核心的界定“家庭成员”为范围,同时涵盖了与家庭形成合法寄养关系的人员.通过比较国外立法兼顾本国国情,探讨以“共同生活”为核心,适当将前配偶、同居关系、恋爱关系纳入保护范围的可行性.     

家庭暴力法律规制之完善

家庭暴力严重侵害了公民人身权利,破坏了家庭关系,一定程度上影响到社会的和谐稳定.自《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》实施以来,家庭成员以及具有监护、扶养、寄养、同居等关系的共同生活人员之间的自我保护意识逐渐增强,\"家暴零容忍\"理念逐渐形成,但家庭暴力案件仍时有发生,甚至增添了一些新的犯罪表现形式.当务之急是从多渠道收集证据...     

家庭暴力的正当防卫

家庭暴力是现实生活中存在的一种对亲属的侵害行为,我国反家庭暴力法对家庭暴力的概念做了明确规定,将家庭暴力分为身体侵害行为和精神侵害行为.身体侵害行为具有暴力性,这是没有争议的,但精神侵害行为是否属于暴力,则存在较大的疑问.在通常情况下,只有对身体侵害行为才能实施正当防卫,对精神侵害行为则不能进行正当防卫.家庭暴力可以分...     

我国制定《反家庭暴力法》的必要性分析

家庭暴力已是一个世界各国普遍关注的问题。全国妇联的一项最新抽样调查表明,有16%的女性承认被配偶打过,14.4%的男性承认打过自己的配偶。在我国家庭暴力越来越受到各界的关注,各地区对家庭暴力问题的具体规制措施也在很大空间和程度上得到了提高和改善,但是在繁琐复杂的现实面前,这些进步尚远远不足,而且我国在家庭暴力问题上的立法缺陷一直是亟待解决的问题。本文将从我国目前家庭暴力问题现状出发,探析我国制定《反家庭暴力法》的必要性。     

对254起家庭暴力案件的分析——关于我省反家庭暴力地方性法规的立法思考

通过对湖南省家庭暴力情况的一次广泛调查 ,并对 2 54起典型家庭暴力案例予以重点剖析 ,分析了家庭暴力呈现出的特点和产生原因 ,从家庭暴力带来的严重后果、国际立法的实践、我国现有反家庭暴力法制状况三方面提出了制定反家庭暴力地方性法规的必要性及其重要意义。     

Assessing the Domestic Violence Training Needs of Benefits Workers

Domestic violence victims often have economic and employment needs that either directly or indirectly stem from their victimization. In their efforts to seek services, victims may turn to benefits workers who are given the task of providing clients with short-term financial help, job training, access to health care, and assistance in obtaining a job. It is not clear whether benefits workers are adequately prepared to help domestic violence victims. In this study, 189 social services workers from the Commonwealth of Virginia were surveyed to assess the training needs of all social services workers. This article focuses on the specific training needs of benefits workers and draws comparisons between benefits workers’ training needs and other workers’ needs. The findings suggest that benefits workers are perceived as knowing less about domestic violence than other social services workers. Implications are discussed. This research was supported by a contract from the Virginia Institute of Social Services Training Activities     

社会性别主流化理念与我国反家暴立法

社会性别主流化是联合国推动性别平等、性别公正的主要战略,强调国家立法和政府决策应遵循社会性别平等理念;社会性别主流化追求"性别平等"是对传统"男女平等"的提升,是男女平等的实现保障;社会性别主流化理念在我国反家暴立法中已有初步尝试,并面临诸多障碍;应继续坚持社会性别主流化理念,立足社会性别平等立场,检视现行反家暴法律规范,正视女性的弱势地位,推动我国反家暴立法进程。     

Stalking in the Context of Domestic Violence

Abstract

This article examines the effect of criminal justice intervention in domestic violence on stalking in that relationship. Almost two hundred female victims of misdemeanor domestic violence in three jurisdictions were interviewed three times after their cases had closed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 21 victims who had experience with stalking. Specific court outcomes in domestic violence cases and whether or not the victim cooperated with the prosecution do not impact whether or not a domestic violence victim experiences subsequent stalking. Women who experienced stalking in addition to domestic violence were more likely to use the system in the future than women who just experienced domestic violence. The qualitative interviews revealed additional findings regarding victims' opinions of the criminal justice response to stalking in the context of domestic violence.     

Women's Accounts of Domestic Violence

Abstract

Critiques of behavioral inventories, qualitative studies of battered women's experiences, and communications research all suggest that women's accounts of violence contain information and a more complex structure than is captured by checklist measures that focus on types of abuse. We conducted a quantitative thematic analysis of 162 women's accounts of domestic violence to assess structure and content. Most women presented domestic violence as a “story” with an introduction, body and a conclusion: 59% presented a “complete story” and 33% a “near story.” Background information and problem statements were the most prevalent content statements in the “introduction,” and relationship issues and explanations were most common in the “conclusion.” Bivariate analyses revealed that accounts did not vary by socio-demographic factors and severity of the incident. Men were less likely to present complete stories, had far briefer narratives, and never discussed relationship issues. Knowledge of the structure and content of women's accounts provides greater understanding of women's responses to violence.     

Protective Orders and Domestic Violence: Risk Factors for Re-Abuse

One of the few legal tools for protecting victims of domestic violence is the civil Protection Order (PO). How effective they were in preventing re-abuse was analyzed by examining court and police records from 210 couples in which female victims (or applicants) filed POs against their violent partners. Police records for 2 years prior and two years following the issuance of a PO were reviewed. Results indicated a significant decline in the probability of abuse following a PO. Prior to filing a PO, 68% of the women reported physical violence. After filing, only 23% reported physical violence. Several risk factors were assessed and it was found that very low SES women were more likely to report re-abuse as were African-Americans.     

Evaluating the Efficacy of Protection Orders for Victims of Domestic Violence

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to gauge the efficacy of protection orders for victims of domestic violence. The theoretical basis for this analysis is Johnson's (1995) theory that there exist two distinct forms of domestic violence: “common couple violence,” which consists of low-grade, mild abuse that is equally perpetrated by both men and women, and “patriarchal terrorism,” which involves severe mental and physical abuse that is used primarily by men to control their female partners. Based on Johnson's theory, it is hypothesized that protection orders will be less effective for women who experience patriarchal terrorism than for women who experience common couple violence. The results of this analysis indicate that the primary independent variable, that is, whether a woman experiences common couple violence or patriarchal terrorism, is not a good predictor of protection order violation. However, several secondary independent variables were found to be significant, including victim's race and employment status, as well as the couple's living arrangements at the time of the protection order.     

Pregnancy as a Stimulus for Domestic Violence

Data collected from a domestic violence prevention and treatment program were analyzed to determine the relationship between female reproductive status and violent incidents. Both the frequency and severity of male initiated violence against women were twice as high when they were pregnant. These results are discussed in the context of an evolutionary perspective on domestic violence.     

家庭暴力的危害、形成原因和防治办法

家庭是社会最小的细胞,家庭暴力直接影响到社会的安定团结.本文在分析产生家庭暴力原因的基础上,阐述了家庭暴力对家庭乃至社会产生的负面影响,提出了防治家庭暴力一方面要不断提高人们的自身素质,另一方面必须依靠法治.     

战争罪的国内立法研究

战争罪是在战争或者武装冲突中发生的违反战争法规、严重侵犯人权的罪行。战争罪主要是国际法上的罪行,但国内法院也承担着追究战争罪罪犯刑事责任的重要任务。将我国缔结的国际公约里规定的战争罪转化为国内刑法上的犯罪,是我国作为缔约国应当履行的条约义务。但我国《刑法》只有第446条和第448条规定的两个犯罪才基本符合国际法对于战争罪的定义。我国《刑法》应当专章设立“危害人类和平与安全罪”,使其包括战争罪等核心罪行,这样可以更好地维护我国的刑事管辖权,有效地避免我国公民受到国际刑事法庭的审判,以便享受《国际刑事法院规约》补充管辖原则提供的益处。     

The Direct and Indirect Effects of Domestic Violence on Young Children's Intellectual Functioning

This study examined the direct and indirect effects of domestic violence on preschoolers' intellectual functioning. The sample consisted of 100 women and their 3–5-year-old children (44 boys and 56 girls) recruited from the general community. Forty-three percent of mothers had experienced domestic violence within the last year, defined by at least one physically aggressive act by an intimate partner. Children who had witnessed domestic violence had significantly poorer verbal abilities than nonwitnesses after controlling for SES and child abuse, but there were no group differences on visual–spatial abilities. Domestic violence also indirectly affected both types of intellectual abilities through its impact on maternal depression and the intellectual quality of the home environment. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, as well as the implications for interventions for young child witnesses.