社区警务的社会自治渊源

社区警务已在我国推行了几年的时间,虽然这是我国公安机关引入的一项具体警务制度,但这一警务战略却是为了社会自治在社区的实现而创设,社区警务根源于社会自治。从更深层次角度而言,社区自治乃至社会自治是人权实现的重要途径,而社区警务是警察权在社区领域得以运用的体现,警察权来源于人权并以保障人权为目的,所以从社区警务的社会自治渊源进行推演所得出的结论是警察权的人权性。     

论社会转型中的社区管治与社区警务

我国现阶段的社会转型对社区管治与社区警务产生着深刻的影响,使社区的管治环境、人际关系、管治方式和治安生态发生了重大变化。在对社区实施的政府管理与居民自治中,政府管理是主导,需要通过完善的居民自治才能最大限度地发挥管理作用;居民自治是基础,只有在政府引领下才能充分实现自治功能。社会转型期的社区警务活动,应当立足社区履行公安社会管理职能,充分利用社区资源改善警务运行条件,建立和谐警民关系为社区建设提供治安保障。     

我国城市社区自治建设研究

我国的城市社区自治是在政府职责与城市基层社会有效衔接过程中形成的,其中,政府发挥着主导作用,社区组织和居民参与是社区自治的主体,三者共同形成了政社合作的良性互动模式。随着社会的快速发展,我国城市社区自治也经历了由不成熟到成熟的过程,并在实践中形成了许多具有鲜明特色的城市社区自治建设模式。     

社区治理中的组织关系

社区是城市社会的细胞。它既是国家治理活动的微观空间,同时也是公民参与公共事务的基本单位。社区自治发展至今,已经基本完成了组织构建与制度成型这两个任务。迈入第三阶段的社区自治的主要任务是实现制度和功能的良好运作,从而使社区自治完成由"被组织"向"自组织"的转变,通过良好的社区自我管理,实现真正意义上的自治。本文阐述了在这一转变过程中,基于社区自我管理的现实需要,形成的社区自治的多元参与治理结构与社区组织间平等协商的网络关系,以及居委会应如何在这一结构关系中扮演好"主体"角色。     

从“自然而治”到“自觉而治”：社区自治问题再探讨

社区自治是社会发展进程中为实现社区品质的提升而采取的居民自我治理的方式。从人类历史的发展进程来看，社区自治的发展经历了从“自然而治”到“自觉而治”的过程。德国社会学家F·滕尼斯对自然而治的社区治理进行了较为系统的理论梳理，而今天社区的复杂性决定了社区的自治已经不能主要靠“习惯”来解决问题。“自觉治理”成为社区自治的突出特点。充分认识今天的社区自治必须建立在自觉的基础上，这对于深化我国社区管理体制改革具有积极的意义。     

转型时期我国社区自治模式探析

城市社区自治是城市社区建设中的一项重要内容,为实现社区自治,各地都在探索实现社区自治的模式.本文通过对社区自治模式的理论基础与实践基础的分析,探讨了转型时期社区自治的各种模式,提出了完善我国社区自治模式的路径.     

从社区直选看我国城市社区自治的发展路径

社区直选是我国城市社区自治的重要标志，对社区自治的发展起着举足轻重的作用。近年来我国城市社区直选得到了一定的发展，同时也显现出了提名制度不完善、秩序混乱等问题。本文指出对这些问题，可以从培养公民的选举观念、完善提名制度、加强直选的规范性和公正性等方面进行完善，以实现我国城市社区自治。     

科技城建设中的社区自治——以绵阳市为例

根据国外经验,社区自治是科技城建设中的必备步骤,对科技城的建设起一定的积极作用。文章首先介绍了社区自治中社区事务自治、社区教育自治、社区精神自治三个方面的内容。继而对科技城建设中社区自治工作的现状及问题进行探析,并针对出现的问题提出一系列建议举措。     

我国城市社区自治存在的问题及建议

随着经济体制、社会体制的变革，单位人变成了社会人，社区的作用越来越重要，本丈分析了我国社区自治中存在的问题，提出了完善城市社区自治法律制度的建议。     

论城市社区自治的实现路径

建国六十年以来，尽管我国的城市社区自治取得了长足的发展，但是还存在一些问题。本文针对我国的社区自治现状提出了城市社区自治存在的主要问题以及如何实现社区自治的路径。     

社区危机管理机制研究

社区危机管理是指以社区为单位参与社会危机的预防、治理、减损的一系列活动的总称,是社会危机管理的一部分。本文对社区危机管理机制进行了研究,分析了社区危机管理机制的运行,并对其内在联系进行了分析,同时研究了不同社区在社会危机管理过程中的反应。     

试论社会工作介入社区矫正的方式和途径

社区矫正工作开展6年多来,社会工作介入社区矫正的积极作用正在逐步显现。各地通过加强专业队伍建设和专业机构建设,在以司法人员为主导、社会工作专业人员积极参与的模式下,运用社会工作专业理念和方法开展了多种多样的矫正活动,收到了预期的效果。随着社区矫正实践的不断深入,在开放的社区环境和多元的文化环境下,如何继续有效地做好社区矫正工作,需要做进一步探讨。     

‘The conflict is ours’: community involvement in restorative justice

Restorative justice (RJ) has attracted extended research relating to its potential to reduce crime, achieve fairness, and promote victims’ well-being, but there is only limited discussion about the involvement of the community in RJ processes. This study employs grounded theory approach to analyze 26 documented files handled by a RJ program in Jerusalem, Israel. It proposes a multilayered construction of community involvement in RJ referring to four modes of community involvement: facilitators, community representatives, social networks, and the direct stakeholders. The analysis uncovers the unique characteristics of each entity, their potential contribution in promoting community interests, and the challenges in fulfilling their potential contribution. The Article further offers a responsive definition for community representation. Practical implications for RJ programs are discussed.     

Measuring community social organization: Sense of community as a mediator in social disorganization theory

The current study utilized an updated systemic model of social disorganization to investigate neighborhood effects on both positive and negative youth outcomes. Although empirical support for updated social disorganization models has increased in recent years, the field continues to rely too heavily on behavioral indicators of community social organization. Unfortunately, these measures do not assess the truly important social processes and dynamics that result in cohesive and supportive neighborhoods. It was proposed that sense of community (SOC) was a more valid, comprehensive, and applicable measure for the mediating variables in social disorganization theory. Results supported the hypothesis that SOC mediates the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on youth outcomes and implications for the field are discussed.     

Linking informal social control and restorative justice: moving social disorganization theory beyond community policing

Much of what is at the heart of social disorganization theory’s approach to neighborhood crime prevention has been ignored in favor of policies that are more closely associated with deterrence and rational choice theories. Specifically, ideas of informal social control and collective efficacy have often been translated into policies of community surveillance and the reporting of suspicious behaviors to the police. While these policies may make neighborhoods less attractive to offenders because they create higher certainty levels of recognition, and subsequently arrest, social disorganization theory, at its heart, suggests crime prevention policies of a very different nature: policies that are more closely associated with restorative justice, re‐integrative shaming and peacemaking criminology. These associations are highlighted and provide a conceptual model for a community crime prevention program that is more consistent with the underlying nature of social disorganization theory.     

Why community compulsion became the solution - Reforming mental health law in Sweden

The aim of this article is to understand how compulsory community care (CCC) has become a solution in mental health policy in so many different legal and social contexts during the last 20 years. The recent introduction of CCC in Sweden is used as a case in point, which is then contrasted against the processes in Norway, England/Wales and New York State.In Sweden, the issue of CCC was initiated following high-profile acts of violence. Contrary to several other states, there was agreement about the (lack of) evidence about its effectiveness. Rather than focusing on dangerousness, the government proposal about CCC was framed within an ideology of integrating the disabled. The new legislation allowed for a broad range of measures to control patients at the same time as it was presented as a means to protect positive rights for patients. Compared to previous legislation in Sweden, the scope of social control has remained largely the same, although the rationale has changed — from medical treatment via community treatment and rehabilitation, to reducing the risk of violence, and then shifting back to rehabilitation in the community.The Swedish approach to CCC is similar to Norway, while New York and England/Wales have followed different routes. Differences in ideology, social control and rights orientations can be understood with reference to the general welfare and care regimes that characterize the four states.     

Living and learning in Tacna,Peru

I spent the summer after my first year of college in Tacna, Peru. I lived in community with five Peruvian nuns and worked in the school where they were the administrators. I was completely immersed in the culture and language as no one spoke English. It was an experience that allowed me to connect with new ideas about community and social justice, ideas that have contributed to the way I have come to understand my position and my responsibilities in my global community. When I returned home from Peru, I wrote this reflection about my experience adapting and living in this wonderful and vibrant community.     

新型社区——中国式社会管理的新载体

社会管理体制创新既是当前乃至今后一个时期各级政府面临的主要任务,也是一项崭新的执政课题。从当前的实际来看,积极推进新型社区组织建设,是社会管理体制创新的一个有效举措。新型社区是中国式社会管理的一个新载体,因而推进新型社区建设是对社会管理创新所做的有益探索。     

破产企业单位社区再造的治理路径研究--以成都市L社区为例

社会基层治理是国家治理的微观基础,城市社区是社会的基本单元。我国城市单位社区是城市社区的重要组成部分,因地制宜探索城市单位社区治理模式有利于完善城市社区建设、健全社会治理体制、提升国家治理能力。成都市L社区为破产企业单位社区,其治理以党建引领为核心,以共建共治共享为导向,以社区再造为路径,形成了“党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障”的良性治理模式。但现阶段仍然存在社区空间利用率不足、市场化机制缺位、“单位人”动员作用有限、社区居委会负担过重等问题。本文基于实地调研的数据资料,结合社区治理的基本原理,探讨破产企业单位社区向新型城市社区转型的实现路径,即提高社区资源整合度,进一步引入市场机制,激发社会组织活力,减轻居委会行政负担,以提高破产企业单位社区的治理能力。