通过现有规范解决自动驾驶汽车肇事之刑事责任归属问题

以自动驾驶汽车为代表的人工智能产品在给我们带来便利的同时也带来了新的法律问题。为了解决自动驾驶汽车肇事的刑事责任问题,学者或是承认自动驾驶汽车的犯罪主体地位,或是建议修改刑法增设罪名。实际上,既有的刑事法律规范足以解决自动驾驶汽车肇事的刑事责任归属问题。自动驾驶汽车的驾驶人未尽到合理注意义务的,承担过失责任;制造单位生产的自动驾驶汽车存在缺陷或者明知有缺陷而未召回的,承担产品质量相关的刑事责任;使用人发现自动驾驶汽车存在缺陷继续使用的,承担监管过失责任;入侵智能驾驶系统或者利用自动驾驶汽车实施犯罪的,承担故意犯罪的刑事责任。现阶段应克服刑事立法冲动,在既有的刑事法律规范体系内寻求解决方案,更具有现实意义。     

A reflection on the taxi reform in China: Innovation vs. Tradition

In contrast to the hostility shown in some other countries towards one of the most important examples of a sharing economy service, namely car hailing, China has always kept an open-minded attitude to this innovative Internet business model. After having been tolerant of unlicensed operations for years, China reformed the taxi industry by legalising car hailing in 2016. However, this process of reform was heavily affected by the political pressure generated by the drivers of traditional taxis. Following this reform, the taxi industry in China has been separated into two independent markets: one for traditional taxis and another for car hailing services. The Chinese experience provides a unique opportunity to study the sharing economy. This article comprises of a full evaluation of the abovementioned reform, with a specific focus on a number of characteristics specific to the taxi industry. We observed that quantity control of vehicles is still necessary in the Internet era due to imperfect competition and information asymmetries. Though the taxi reform in China has in some regards been beneficial, it has also had the unfortunate effect of preventing the taxi industry from taking full advantage of the benefits of the sharing economy. Consequently, we propose that the various levels of Chinese government should first establish a level playing field for traditional taxis and car hailing, and second, devise a mechanism to closely monitor the quantity of vehicles in the taxi market.     

Privacy,National Security,and Internet Economy: An Explanation of China's Personal Information Protection Legislation

With the development of the internet and the increasing role played by information technology in the economy, personal information protection has become one of the most significant legal and public policy problems. Since 2013, China has accelerated its legislation efforts towards protecting personal information. The Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China took effect on June 1, 2017. Legal scholars focus on the nature of personal information, discuss the necessity of enacting specific laws on protecting personal information, and attempt to propose relevant draft laws regarding personal information protection. Personal information protection, however, is not only a legal issue but also a political one. We need to look at the decision-making process about legislation on personal information protection in China. Why has China sped up its legislation on personal information protection since 2013? Is privacy, civil rights, or legal interest the main reason behind the legislation? Only after placing personal information protection legislation in a broader context, can we have a better understanding of the underlying logic and dynamics of personal information protection in China, and can perceive the potential content and possible future of these legislation. This paper argues that Internet industry development, the social consequences of personal information infringement, and national security are the main drivers of China’s personal information protection legislation.     

海峡两岸强制汽车责任保险法律制度比较研究——从国际趋势和受害人保护看两岸措施统合之必要

强制的机动车损害赔偿责任保险,是及时、妥当地救济受害人,抑制交通事故,保障机动车事业正常发展的重要法律制度。关于海峡两岸的强制机动车损害赔偿责任保险制度,我国现行法律亟待完善,台湾地区则走在世界的前列。为与国际接轨,统合两岸措施,将能极大地促进法治国家建设,利国利民。     

试论开放性和独立性的矿业立法模式的构建

我国矿业立法的困境逼迫着我们寻找一条新路以探求矿业立法所应当遵循的立法模式。引入系统哲学理论作为统筹,以系统哲学理论为基点阐发一部具有整体性或是融贯性的法律所应当具备的开放性和独立性。此外,基于实践活动的客观现实性,分别探讨了开放性和独立性所应当立足的法学理论的客观规律和矿业发展的客观规律。并以此为我国矿业立法模式的构建提供一种路径选择。文章试图从一个较为宏观的角度审视立法模式应当具备的样态。不奢望这一理想中的立法模式能成为现实,只愿我国未来的矿业立法在朝着这一模式前进的道路上能有所进步。     

Retrospection and Perspective of Foreign Investment Legislation in China (1979–2009)

Thirty years have passed for foreign investment legislation in China since the promulgation of the first foreign investment law in 1979. The remarkable achievements in the past 30 years under the China’s reform and open policy have benefited from introduction of foreign investment to a large extent as the result of foreign investment legislation and its changes. This paper starts with a retrospection of foreign investment legislation in China since 1979, followed by a discussion on the features and motives of changes in such legislation, and makes conclusions on the experience and lessons from the legislation, which will be conducive to further improvement of foreign investment legislation in China.     

Reforming Public Safety: An Evaluation of the 1983 British Seat Belt Law

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the 1983 British seat belt law in England and Wales. The methodology employed is interrupted time series analysis.
In terms of a lasting impact, the seat belt legislation for automobiles compares favorably with other interventions designed to decrease deaths and injuries on the road, such as legislation to control drinking and driving. Typically, such legislation is effective only in the short term. In contrast, the seat belt law thus far shows a stronger and more lasting shift in the reduction of serious and fatal car casualties. The post intervention decline in this variable is stronger than a control series that consists of the number of fatal and serious non-car casualties. A more marginal reduction is found for non-serious car casualties even though this drop in injuries is slightly stronger than a control category of nonserious non-car casualties. The paper suggests also that the seat belt legislation may have had a short term effect on the number of fatal and serious accidents on weekend nights, the period of time during which alcohol-related crashes are most likely to occur.
The policy implications of this study suggest that with comparable compliance, such an intervention may similarly be effective in the United States and other Western countries which up to now have used primarily deterrence-based approaches to reduce highway casualties.     

论我国银行业审慎监管强制措施的法律属性及其立法完善

我国银行业审慎监管强制措施的立法坐标可定位于《银行业监督管理法》第37条。金融法属性上,其属预防型风险监管工具,旨在纠错,具有一定的负外部性;行政法属性上,其属行政命令,带有一定的强制性,但并不适用《行政强制法》。银行业审慎监管强制措施的现行立法存在适用前提模糊、实施程序粗略、内容较为内向封闭等问题。境内外相关立法既注重类似措施的内容开放度,又强化对类似措施的实施监督,较好地实现了灵活性与制约性的平衡。我国应基于银行业审慎监管强制措施的双重法律属性,从细化扩展适用条件、提升内容延展度与科学性、明确具体实施程序、完善监督救济机制等方面入手推动我国相关立法的完善。     

An experimental model of regulating the sharing economy in China: The case of online car hailing

Online car hailing represents a disruptive innovation model in the sharing economy and requires a new regulatory response. China's attempts to regulate this emerging industry can be considered highly experimental model. To relieve the pressure from offline competitors and to clarify the ambiguous legal status of online car hailing, China currently enforces a strict regulatory scheme through what can be described as a central-local dual system. Questions, however, have arisen regarding the legality, proportionality and effectiveness of this approach. Moreover, the current system's choice for a segmented market strategy heavily impairs the sustainable development of the sharing economy. Therefore, the adoption of Internet-based regulations for online car hailing might create better prospects to establish a fairly competitive market as well as to further boost the ever dynamic Internet sharing economy in China.     

Retrospection and perspective of foreign investment legislation in China (1979�C2009)

Thirty years have passed for foreign investment legislation in China since the promulgation of the first foreign investment law in 1979. The remarkable achievements in the past 30 years under the China’s reform and open policy have benefited from introduction of foreign investment to a large extent as the result of foreign investment legislation and its changes. This paper starts with a retrospection of foreign investment legislation in China since 1979, followed by a discussion on the features and motives of changes in such legislation, and makes conclusions on the experience and lessons from the legislation, which will be conducive to further improvement of foreign investment legislation in China.     

维护海员权益法律保障机制研究——从部分国家和地区履行《2006年海事劳工公约》的角度

《2006年海事劳工公约》生效在即,而国内立法和政策制定等方面尚不完备。该公约集中体现国际海上劳工法律的最新发展趋势,对改善海员这一特殊劳动群体的海上劳动状况和权益保障有着深远的意义。通过分析中国海员行业所面临的形势及海员权益保障方面存在的问题,强调中国确有加入公约的必要性,同时通过介绍和比较部分有代表性国家和地区的履约准备情况,提出加强中国海员权益保障的相关建议。     

社会主义文化产业发展中的民商事法律制度研究

社会主义文化产业是我国新的经济增长点。文化产业持续、健康、稳定发展需要良好的法治环境。与此同时,文化产业的发展与制度供给不足之间的矛盾日益凸显。与文化产业发展相关的法律法规效力层级较低,尚未形成逻辑严谨的完整体系,且立法理念和具体制度设计也存在一定的偏差。有必要审视我国当前文化产业立法的现状,从民事主体、投资融资、交易监管、知识产权保护等方面系统研究与文化产业相关的民商事法律制度,为文化产业良性发展提供体系化的制度保障,确保文化产业在国民经济中的支柱性地位,实现社会主义文化大发展大繁荣。     

德国能源立法及其对我国的启示

德国一直注重通过法律手段对能源产业、能源供需制度进行调节和监管。目前,德国已形成了以《能源经济法》为基本法,由煤炭立法、石油立法、可再生能源立法、节约能源立法、核能立法、生态税收立法等专门法为中心内容的能源立法体系,对我国的能源立法具有较大的借鉴意义。     

Ethics and legal education

ABSTRACT

This article explores how theatre, particularly forum theatre, may be used as a means of testing new legislation. This article documents a workshop involving a theatricalised bilingual Tribunal and uses this as a case study of how theatre may be used to explore the implications of new legislation in order to gain an understanding of its potential problems and weaknesses. The article concludes by exploring other ways in which theatre may be used to explore new legislation.     

安全防范报警技术服务业立法研究及制度重构

我国安全防范报警技术服务业的研究起步较晚,目前尚无全国统一的成文法规对行业的管理进行统一规范,而各省的地方性法规和地方政府规章的规定比较混乱,甚至存在许多与国家其他法律规定相冲突的情况。本文在考察国内外安全防范报警技术服务业发展现状和立法现状的基础上,对行业全国统一立法的急迫性作出了分析,试图对规制行业的相关法律制度和规则进行重构,以期为行业的立法与管理提供借鉴与参考,从而实现整个行业的可持续性健康发展的目的。     

南海渔业知识产权保护问题研究

南海渔业知识产权保护中存在着渔业知识产权保护意识不强、缺乏渔业地理标志、商标保护、立法不够完善、行政保护制度及司法保护欠缺等一系列问题。应当从加强渔业知识产权相关法律法规的普及宣传、实行地理标志知识产权保护、完善渔业知识产权立法及鱼种新品种权的保护、加强行政与司法保护及二者衔接等方面完善南海渔业知识产权的保护,以求促进南海现代渔业经济的发展、渔民民生的改善及维护国家的利益。     

论高新科技园区的发展与立法促进

高新科技园区的兴起与发展是 2 0世纪在科技产业化方面最重要的创举 ,其群体崛起成为全球蔚为壮观的历史现象。我国高新科技园区的发展已经成为引领我国社会经济发展的支柱。大凡成功发展的园区 ,其背后都存在适宜成长的立法助推支持 ,其积极作用将在知识经济时代潮中一以继之地得以彰显。为我国高新区的发展打造促发展立法平台已成为一个时代显题。我国高新区立法适宜采取新竹模式和区域法模式 ,主要依靠成型立法支持高新科技产业的发展。各高新区所在地积极发挥先行立法的潜力有形推进园区及所在区域社会经济的发展已呈现出整体亮点。站在新世纪的起点 ,我国高新区立法的发展处于开局良好、中局可观、全局待飞的前进态势     

我国慈善组织公信力之法律规制

慈善组织公信力关涉到慈善事业运行的正当性基础。我国慈善事业公信力缺失的主要原因在于慈善运营中的信息失灵,根本原因在于我国立法存在弊误,有必要借鉴域外立法有益经验,构建我国慈善组织公信力之法制。     

论宏观经济法中产业调节法理论及体系的完善

当前世界范围内的产业结构调整正在加速 ,适应国际竞争的需要 ,加快我国经济结构的战略性调整 ,提高我国产业的国际竞争力 ,推进新型工业化建设 ,是我国面临的一项艰巨任务。鉴于我国产业调节法的立法现状和存在问题 ,必须加强立法研究 ,建立、完善我国产业调节法的法律体系。     

地方卫生立法中存在问题刍议

地方卫生立法在我国立法体制中占有重要位置。本文通过实证研究,分析了我国地方卫生立法中存在的法言法语问题、语表文句(所谓语表文句是指语言表述、文章句法)问题、法律依据问题、交叉重复问题、抵触碰车问题,以期为不断提高地方卫生立法质量,完善我国卫生法律体系提供裨益。