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1.
Ron J. Nieberding Marita Frackowiak Robert H. Bodholdt John G. Rubel 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2000,15(2):11-20
Nearly 2 million people are incarcerated in federal, state and local correctional facilities in this country. Individuals
with serious mental disorders increasingly fill these ranks. The roles psychologists and other mental health professionals
adopt while working with this population can become an issue of silent consternation. As a point of departure, some (e.g.,
Levinson, 1985) have suggested that psychologists rightly function as institutional mediators of conflict, a virtual Marcus
Welby of the collective correctional “psyche”. In practice, it is not uncommon for some clinicians to retreat from this approach
and do little, or conversely, march in one hundred directions at once. The authors suggest that as psychology service delivery
has matured in the past few decades this latter, well-intentioned but unrealistic position should be reconsidered. We suggest
that greater depth and definition in the area of forensic psychology, coupled with recently developed ethical and professional
standards of care, may serve to guide the clinician when providing services “behind bars”.
Authors' Note: The views expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and may not reflect the opinions of the United States
Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, other state or local criminal justice
agencies, or the University of Texas at Austin. 相似文献
2.
Richard R. Johnson 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2005,20(2):58-66
Clothing color and style are significant factors in impression formation in first-time dealings with strangers. Four common
police uniform color schemes are evaluated for their influence on seven scales of impression formation with a sample of 737
citizens in a Midwestern city. Consistent with the previous literature, the all black color scheme was viewed most negatively
on six of the seven scales. The light blue shirt and navy blue pants color scheme created the most positive impression on
all seven scales. The implications of these findings for police-community relations and department uniform selection are discussed.
Author Note: Richard R. Johnson is a doctoral candidate in criminal justice at the University of Cincinnati and a former police officer.
He holds a B.S. in criminal justice from Indiana University and an M.S. in criminology from Indiana State University. Communications
may be sent to 20 Ridge Dr., #208, Fairfield, OH 45014 相似文献
3.
Wade Engelson 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1999,14(2):11-19
This article examines how the values communicated by Field Training Officers (FTOs) influence the behaviors of police recruits
to conform to the norms of the police culture. Analysis and interpretation of the written responses of police recruits to
a program evaluation form in a police department located in the western United States were used to identify the explicit and
implicit values that were communicated during the Field Training Program (FTP). The findings of this study indicated that
although positive explicit values were communicated during the FTP, several potentially negative implicit values were also
communicated to police recruits. Consequently, the perceived status of the FTO is an important factor in police recruits learning
job-related values. Recommendations are made for developing effective leadership strategies for bringing greater levels of
congruency between the explicit and implicit values of law enforcement organizations that are communicated to police recruits
during the training process and organizational socialization.
Author Note: Wade Engelson is a lieutenant with the Fresno Police Department. He has been with the department for 12 years and is currently
assigned as the Commander of the Special Investigations Bureau. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Business/Economics and a Master’s
degree in Public Administration from California State University, Fresno. He holds a Doctorate in Educational Leadership from
the University of California, Davis/California State University, Fresno Joint Doctoral Program. He has taught in a variety
of settings and has published articles in the fields of sexual harassment, organizational socialization, tactics, and training
issues. His research interests include leadership issues, organizational socialization, and the hidden curriculum of organizations. 相似文献
4.
5.
Dirk Van Daele 《Police Practice and Research》2020,21(4):418-433
ABSTRACT Inspired by American pioneers in the field of police research like Jerome Skolnick, Cyrille Fijnaut resigned in 1969 as a police lieutenant from the police force in the city of Tilburg, the Netherlands in order to create the opportunity to study criminology and philosophy at the KU Leuven in Belgium. At the same university, he wrote in the years 1974–1978 his Ph.D. dissertation on the political history of policing in Europe since the Napoleonic Era. This thesis became the starting point of a rich career as a professor of criminology and criminal law at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the KU Leuven, Tilburg University and NYU Law School (Global Law School Programme). Over the years, he became an internationally renowned expert in the fields of police and judicial cooperation, organized crime and terrorism, and the transatlantic history of criminology and the criminal justice system. In these and other fields he wrote some 50 books and edited some 50 volumes, and published more than 400 articles in academic and professional journals. In addition, he was one of the founding fathers of the Belgian journal of criminology and criminal law Panopticon and the European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. He also served as an expert in some of Dutch and Belgian committees of inquiry, e.g. the committee that investigated the safety and security problems of Pim Fortuyn, the Dutch politician who was killed in May 2002. The Dutch government rewarded him with a Knighthood in the Order of the Dutch Lion, and the Belgian government appointed him Commandeur in the Crown Order. 相似文献
6.
Gary Cordner 《Police Practice and Research》2019,20(3):225-239
ABSTRACTHigher education for police in the United States began as police science and police administration in the early-to-middle 1900s but morphed into criminal justice starting in the 1960s, continuing in that mold to the present. This paper examines curricula at a handful of universities to provide a snapshot of U.S. police education today, illustrating that modern criminal justice programs do not focus very much on police at either the undergraduate or graduate level. The paper then considers alternative models that could provide students a more in-depth encounter with the now-robust policing body of knowledge, something that barely existed 50 years ago but could, at this point, serve as the foundation for a respectable and relevant academic and professional education. 相似文献
7.
The three eras in American policing – political, reform, and community – has become the default theoretical framework within the study of criminal justice, explicitly and implicitly shaping the discourse of police studies. Despite historically informed criticisms of this three-era model, no alternative theory has been proffered as a way of critically thinking about the police. This paper draws on Norbert Elias’ civilising thesis and the role of the state as an alternative theoretical framework to explain the evolution of American policing. We argue that changes in policing are more cogently explained by assuming a long-term view of change and that the intrusion and the retreat of the state from society better captures the evolution of the police through time. 相似文献
8.
Gordon A. Crews Ph.D. Reid H. Montgomery Ph.D. 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1996,11(1):13-18
A considerable amount of attention has been given by the media to the perceived increase in the amount of juvenile Satanic
involvement. However, there is very little evidence of a national epidemic of this type of criminal activity. This article
discusses the types of actual adolescent involvement seen in the United States as well as the various points of view on this
topic. It is hoped that this information will assist law enforcement in their understanding of this phenomenon and better
prepare them to handle it.
Dr. Gordon A. Crews is a member of the Criminal Justice faculty in the Social & Behavioral Sciences Department of Midlands Technical College
in Colombia, South Carolina, where he teaches courses in police administration, corrections, criminology and ethics. He earned
a Ph.D. in Elementary Education, a Graduate Certificate in Alcohol & Drug Studies and a Bachelor of Science and Masters degrees
in Criminal Justice from the University of South Carolina. His dissertation examined historical perspectives of school disturbance
in the United States. Prior to teaching, Dr. Crews worked in law enforcement as a bloodhound officer & trainer, field training
officer and criminal investigatior; in corrections as a training and accreditation manager; and in insurance fraud as an investigator.
His current research and academic interests include issues surrounding juvenile delinquency, school violence and juvenile
arbitration. He has most recently co-authored a textbook entitledFaces of Violence in America, published by Simon & Schuster.
Dr. Reid H. Montgomery, Jr., is an Associate Professor in the College of Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina and co-author of five books.
He joined the USC faculty after service as a federal Probation officer with the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., under
Chief Judge John J. Sirica. Prior to graduate study, he served on active duty with the 3rd Infantry (Old Guard) at Ft. Meyer,
Virginia. He has a B.S., M.Ed., and Ph.D. from the University of South Carolina where his dissertation analyzed attitudes
leading to prison riots. Named in 1984 as Educator of the Year by the Southern Association of Criminal Justice Educators,
Dr. Montgomery has pursued post-doctoral study at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. 相似文献
9.
This article reports the results of an empirical research project on the police investigation of harms caused by occupational safety crimes in Finland. It begins with a theoretical discussion of how those harms are excluded from mainstream criminal justice discourse by a range of obscuring mechanisms and the role that policing plays in maintaining and constituting a social order that marginalises safety crime. The paper uses an empirical study of safety crimes reported to the police in Finland. The study, located in a rare case of a jurisdiction in which safety crimes are the responsibility of mainstream policing agencies, will be used to explore the possibilities for stretching the legitimate parameters of criminal justice intervention. In order to do so, the analysis explores features of the ‘structural’ readiness of the state and the ‘conceptual’ readiness of police officers to criminalise those harms. The paper concludes on the value of those findings for understanding how safety crimes might be mainstreamed into policing systems more generally. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTIn recent years, a number of translational tools have been developed in policing to make the growing research evidence base more accessible and useful for practitioners and policymakers. Here we focus on the creation of the ‘What works in policing?’ website, which resulted from a collaboration between a government agency in Seattle, Washington and researchers at George Mason University and Arizona State University. We describe the site in detail and its similarities to and differences from existing translation tools, as well as the rationale for a local government’s involvement in translational work. In particular we focus on efforts to link the site with the work of the Seattle Police Department through a case study approach. We review indicators that suggest the site is being well-utilized and close with thoughts on the future of translational work in policing and efforts to ensure translational tools are useful to practitioners. 相似文献
11.
Increasing efforts are made by police forces all over the world to optimize the use of technology in policing and remove any obstacles as new and existing technologies provide new opportunities for law enforcement, criminal investigation and prosecution. This contribution describes results of research on which technologies are currently used at police forces and other criminal investigation organizations in the Netherlands, their experiences with these technologies and their needs and preferences in this regard. For existing opportunities the prevalence and satisfaction of several technologies in policing, including wiretapping, fingerprints, DNA research, database coupling, data mining and profiling, camera surveillance and network analyses were investigated. For new opportunities the most promising technologies (i.e., promising according to the police forces) were mapped. Furthermore, an inventory was made of the legal, technological and organizational obstacles police forces encounter when using different technologies for purposes like law enforcement, criminal investigation and prosecution. 相似文献
12.
Carolyn M. Ward 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1996,26(2):161-186
Policing in the inner-city neighborhood of Hyde Park is evaluated against a backdrop of racial polarization within the city of St. Louis and political pressures upon the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department (SLMPD). Data garnered from immersion into Hyde Park community life, participation in and observation of numerous police/community meetings, document analyses, a focus group session with rank-and-file police officers, interviews with a sergeant and the captain of the Police Fifth District, and numerous informal conversations with residents and police officers provide evidence of poor community/police relationships. The data also provide evidence—on the part of police—of racial bias, lack of and/or poor understanding of the underlying causes of criminal behavior, pervading adventure and excitement lures toward police work, and a less than adequate understanding of the community oriented problemsolving (COPS) policing initiative. An underlying theme of little or absent informed locus of control at various levels regarding policing practices links issues of poor police/community relationships and the influence of racial bias and political pressures. 相似文献
13.
Neil Cameron 《Criminal Law Forum》1990,1(3):477-512
Conclusion Current research on the level of police resources, patrol and investigation strategies, community policing, and the likely impact of changes in the legal framework confirms the simple truth that the police capacity to influence crime has always been vastly overstated. Unfortunately, the preventive police forces that emerged in Anglo-American jurisdictions in the wake of Sir Robert Peel's new police were linked directly and for the first time to the crime rate. While there was little that they could actually do about the crime rate per se, questions of police effectiveness, resource allocation, and the adequacy of police powers have tended to be answered on the basis of such data ever since. The need now is to find different ways of measuring and evaluating police work. It may be that the major contribution of community policing is to highlight precisely this issue by shifting the focus of policing away from the crime rate and by forcing police departments, politicians, and academics to confront the real capabilities of the police and to devise methods of evaluating them and promoting them to an increasingly skeptical world.This is a revised version of a paper given at the third conference of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, March 19–23, 1989.LL.M., University of London 1968; LL.B., University of London 1967. 相似文献
14.
David A. Kessler 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1999,15(3):333-372
Between 1982 and 1989, the Houston Police Department was committed toforming partnerships with the community as part of its strategy to improvepolice service to the city. Using complaint data from the Internal AffairsDivisions of the Houston Police Department, this research examines whetherofficers assigned to areas of the city that implemented community policinghave fewer complaints than other officers. The results showed that officersworking in areas where community policing had been implemented receivedsignificantly fewer complaints than officers working in other areas. Anexception was complaints for criminal behavior, which increased. The resultssuggest that models of community policing that focus on creating communitypartnerships have the potential to reduce tension between the police and thepublic. 相似文献
15.
《Justice Quarterly》2012,29(3):453-475
This article analyzes theoretical and empirical aspects of the role of technology in the internationalization of the police function from the mid-19th century until World War II. The findings indicate that technological advances in communication, transportation, and criminal identification significantly facilitated the internationalization of police operations. At the same time, police institutions also held technological developments accountable for an increase in opportunities for cross-border criminality, which, in turn, justified the planning and implementation of international police strategies. The article concludes with theoretical reflections on the relative autonomy of technology as a facilitating factor in the internationalization of policing. 相似文献
16.
Pam Willson Judith McFarlane Ann Malecha Dorothy Lemmey 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2001,16(1):40-50
To evaluate the perceived effectiveness of domestic violence assistance offered by a special unit of an urban police department,
90 women having filed assault, stalking, or harassment charges on an intimate were interviewed. Threats of abuse, physical
abuse, and stalking were measured—86% of the women reported experiencing severe abuse and 60% of the women had been stalked.
On follow-up interview—41% of the women reported the abuse had stopped, while 7% said the abuse had decreased. Half of the
women had used information provided by the unit, with 86% of the women considering police services received as being helpful.
Authors' Note: Pam Willson, Ph.D., is a post-doctoral research associate at Texas Woman's University in Houston. Judith McFarlane, Dr.
PH, currently holds the Parry Chair in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention at the University. Ann Malecha, Ph.D., is assistant
professor of nursing at the University. Dorothy Lemmey, Ph.D., is associate professor of Nursing at Lakeland College. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice》2013,11(1-2):71-90
Abstract In this paper, we use responses from a 1998 Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) and Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) survey to investigate how the concept of community policing and the individual strategies associated with this public safety policy shape African American, Latino, and white perceptions of police officers. Community policing exerted differential effects on Latino, African American, and white perceptions of the police. Despite intentions to improve police-minority relations, community policing most strongly and positively affects whites' perceptions of neighborhood police. Both the public pronouncement and actual tactics of community policing had a greater impact on white perceptions of the police than they did for Latino and African American views toward the police, even though community policing also fulfills its promise to reduce tensions between the police and racial and ethnic minorities. Understanding the differences among African Americans, Latinos, and whites is critical to the evolution of community policing policies. Recognizing the importance of these differences, instead of adopting a “one size fits all” approach, puts the police and community members in a position to better realize the potential benefits of community policing. 相似文献
18.
《Justice Quarterly》2012,29(2):259-280
Although the permanent assignment of police officers to their beats has long been an important goal in community policing, its utility has not been assessed empirically. Using a multiple time-series quasi-experimental design, the present study reports on an impact assessment of permanent beat assignment in conjunction with a community policing program implemented in the Philadelphia Housing Authority Police Department. Permanent beat assignment in the treatment sites led to increases in officer-initiated investigative activity (indicating greater responsibility for beats), while no such changes were observed in the comparison sites. Implications for public policy and for conducting police research in public housing are discussed; future research directions are suggested. 相似文献
19.
Despite the important role which the police play in the reproduction of social order, there is a lacuna in critical criminological
literature on the policing of democratic societies. As a consequence, the mistaken impression is fostered that policing in
Canada is not problematic. This paper challenges this view, documenting the extent of police malpractice and raising the question
of the need for police accountability. Within this context the authors discuss three forms which police accountability has
historically taken: judicial inquiry, community police monitoring groups, and consultative liaison panels. One problem which
the authors note is the way in which all three models depend upon the police for information about the nature of crime and
policing, making them susceptible to dominant discourses about policing. Thus they continue by discussing the left realist
model as potentially a fourth model. This form of police accountability emerged in Britain during the 1980s and is characterized
by the production of an alternative discourse on crime and police practices based on locally conducted and controlled victimization
surveys. The extent to which this practice of police accountability might be relevant to the Canadian context remains yet
to be explored. The authors note in closing, however, that this is an empirical and not a theoretical question, meaning that
Canadian criminologists must become more practical and less academic in their discourses of social control.
“A riot is at bottom the language of the unheard” (Revd. Martin Luther King, 1967) 相似文献
20.
《Justice Quarterly》2012,29(3):527-546
Public attitudes, social movement organizations, and criminal justice laws regarding drunk driving have undergone significant changes in recent years. These changes raise important questions about police, who act as gatekeepers for the rest of the criminal justice system. Very little, however, is known about what police did in the years when drunk driving was viewed as a less serious social problem or about what police do now. I attempt to answer the first of these questions using data collected in the early 1970s, an important, largely unexamined period in the history of city police and drunk driving. The data provide a baseline for contemporary research. City police did not give contacts with drunk drivers a high priority, preferred to avoid these encounters, and made arrests on the basis of both legal and extralegal factors; extralegal factors were more important than legal factors. I examine the implications of the baseline data for contemporary policing. 相似文献