荧光黄湿粉显现手印方法的初步研究

目的研发一种具有荧光特性的黄湿粉,以提取遗留在不同客体上的不同种类的手印。方法在100mL温水中加入适量的表面活性剂,溶解后加入100g荧光黄颜料,选用不同种类客体及不同种类物质手印进行显现实验,比较显现效果;结果遗留在光滑非渗透性客体及半渗透性客体表面的汗潜、油潜手印,显出的手印纹线流畅、反差强、荧光强;结论荧光黄湿粉可适用于光滑非渗透性客体及半渗透性客体表面新鲜或较新鲜汗潜手印、油潜手印及血潜手印的显现。     

蜡质客体上汗潜手印的显现

目的建立蜡质客体上汗潜手印的显现方法;方法遗留在蜡质客体上的汗潜手印,经适量“502”熏显后,用较高浓度的BBD溶液进行染色,在多波段光源的激发下以增强显现效果。结果遗留在蜡面上10天以内的汗潜手印可得到理想结果;结论该方法方便易行,并成功用于检案。     

浅色调湿粉显现手印方法的研究

目的探索新的手印显现方法,祛除传统手印显现方法对使用者的健康危害;方法用浅色调湿粉采用不同操作对不同客体表面手印、不同物质手印及不同遗留时间手印进行显现,通过显现效果的比较,得出湿粉显现手印的适用范围、最佳操作方法及其显现效果;结果显出的手印清晰、流畅,与背景反差强;结论该方法适用于光滑非渗透性客体表面及潮湿或粘性表面的汗潜、油潜、蛋白手印的显现,使用方便有效。     

开拓汗潜手印显现的新领域

系统论述了JHF-系列荧光粉末和JHC-系列荧光磁性粉显现汗液指纹的理论基础和主要特点,比较了与金属粉末显现手印的不同效果,列举了在不同客体和不同留痕条件下显现的汗潜手印的方法.     

《法庭科学 热致荧光成像显现手印技术规范》

正2021年5月20日,公安部发布《法庭科学热致荧光成像显现手印技术规范》(GA/T 1775-2021)。本标准由全国刑事技术标准化技术委员会指纹检验分技术委员会(SAC/TC179/SC3)提出并归口,公安部物证鉴定中心、中国人民公安大学起草。本标准规定了热致荧光成像技术显现汗潜手印检验对象、设备、实验室环境要求、操作步骤及注意事项,适用于显现纸张类渗透性客体上的汗潜手印。自2021年10月1日实施。     

纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末显现潜在手印研究

目的使用荧光染料包覆纳米二氧化钛颗粒,制备具有荧光效果的纳米二氧化钛粉末材料,并探索应用纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末显现潜在手印的方法。方法使用实验室合成的二酰亚胺染料与纳米二氧化钛微粒按照一定质量比混合制备形成荧光粉末,通过扫描电子显微镜对其进行表征,观察颗粒结构特征。在玻璃、瓷砖、透明塑料片、彩色塑料包装、易拉罐5类非渗透性客体上捺印手印,观察纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末对不同非渗透性客体上新鲜潜手印的显现效果。分别在5种客体上制作遗留时间为1、4、7、15d的手印样本,考察遗留时间对纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末显现自然陈旧手印效果的影响。将新鲜手印置于标准大气压100℃条件下分别加热1~72h,使用纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末显现,考察其对高温老化手印的显现效果。结果纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末为粒径100~200nm的圆形颗粒;在蓝绿光激发下可发出较强的荧光,能显现多种非渗透性客体上的新鲜手印,与背景反差明显并且能显著降低复杂背景对手印纹线的影响;显出新鲜手印中80%以上具有鉴定条件。纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末对遗留15d以内的陈旧手印仍具有较好的显现效果。100℃高温环境对手印显现效果没有明显影响。结论纳米二氧化钛荧光粉末经济、环保,显现操作简单,易于推广。     

TFD-2纸张手印快速显现系统的应用

目的介绍一种利用特殊的红外热成像技术显现常见纸张上汗潜手印的新方法。方法利用英国Foster4-Freeman公司生产的TFD-2纸张手印快速显现系统,通过特殊的红外热成像技术,使汗潜手印呈现强烈荧光,从而显现手印。结果红外热成像方法处理后,汗潜手印在特种激发光（带宽为450nm-510nm）激发下显出较强的橙色荧光;持续处理后,汗潜手印在自然光下呈棕褐色,并在短波紫外光源（254nm）激发下也可显出清晰连贯的手印纹线;而且,新鲜和陈旧手印均有较好的显现效果。结论TFD-2纸张手印快速显现系统显现纸张上汗潜手印的方法,具有操作简单、快速安全、无需化学试剂、显现效果明显的特点,适合推广使用。     

硝酸银、茚三酮、DFO法显现纸张上指印的效果比较

目的为有效的提高纸张上汗潜手印的显现率。方法根据汗潜手印的显现原理,针对不同的纸张,分别运用硝酸银、茚三酮与DFO（1,8-二氮芴-9-酮）3种显现方法进行了实验,并对实验结果进行了分析比较。重点分析了这3种方法在显现不同纸张、不同遗留时间、不同汗液量的汗潜手印时的效果及其适用范围。结果为改善渗透性客体上的汗潜手印显现效果,提供科学的依据。     

胶带粘面手印荧光显现剂的研发与应用

目的根据胶带粘面上潜在手印的特点,利用染料和潜手印的理化性质,研究开发胶带粘面手印荧光显现剂。方法在各种胶带粘面上显现潜在手印,并与常规的碳素墨水染色法进行比较。结果在长波紫外线照射下手印呈黄色明亮荧光,手印纹线清晰、连贯,基本不受手印遗留时间、客体表面颜色和性质的影响。结论胶带粘面上的汗潜手印和血潜手印用荧光显现剂显现效果优于碳素墨水染色法,在实际案件的侦破中有较好的应用前景。     

常用粉末显现法的探讨

粉末显现法，是一种常用的汗潜手印显现方法。由于其操作简便，并在多数承痕客体上都有很好的显现效果。现在虽然各种光源和荧光粉末的使用范围不断加大，但在肩负较大勘查工作量的基层刑事技术工作部门常规的粉末显现法仍占有其重要地位。     

胺端基型CdS／PAMAM潜在显现指印的应用

目的探索一种新型纳米荧光材料的制备方法及其在潜在指印显现方面的应用前景。方法以聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM）树形分子为模板，原位合成CdS纳米簇。并使用荧光光谱法对产物进行表征：应用这种新型荧光材料对多种客体表面、不同陈旧程度的潜在指印进行显现．并将显现结果与传统荧光染料进行比对。结果该荧光材料在365nm紫外光激发下可以发出很强的可见荧光：与传统的荧光染料相比。-NH2端基型CdS／PA—MAM可以同指印残留物进行靶向结合．其荧光强度高、背景干扰小，指印纹线与客体反差大。结论-NH2端基型CdS／PAMAM可以有效地显出非渗透性客体表面的潜在指EP。     

Optimization and initial evaluation of 1,2-indandione as a reagent for fingerprint detection

1,2-Indandione has been used to develop fluorescent fingerprints on porous materials such as paper. The compound reacts with amino acid residues to produce highly fluorescent fingerprint ridges. An optimized formulation and treatment protocol for using the reagent is presented here. The reagent is applied as a solution in HFE7100 containing acetic acid and ethyl acetate. Treated articles are heated at 100 degrees C for 10 min at ambient humidity and stored in the dark before recording the fingerprints using fluorescence photography or digital imaging. Photodecomposition of the fluorescent fingerprints has been observed. Storage in the dark reduces degradation, extending the lifetime of the fingerprints. Other chemical methods to stabilize the fingerprints proved unsuccessful. Comparisons of the performance of 1,2-indandione with DFO in CFC113 performed on a limited range of substrates indicated that the reagent might be an effective method for the development of latent fingerprints despite the new reagent producing less intense fluorescence.     

PAMAM G7.0的制备及在非渗透性表面手印显现中的应用

目的探索一种非渗透性表面手印显现的新方法。方法根据现有方法合成第七代聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM G7.0）树形分子材料,并使用荧光光谱法对产物进行荧光测试;将合成材料对多种客体表面、不同遗留时间的手印进行显现,并将显现结果与粉末法和传统的荧光染料法进行比对。结果实验表明该荧光材料在365nm光激发下可以发出较强的可见荧光;与粉末法和传统的荧光染料法相比,PAMAM G7.0可以同手印残留物进行高选择性结合,手印纹线与背景之间的反差大。结论PAMAMG7.0可以有效地显出非渗透性客体表面的手印。     

Fingerprint reagents with dual action: color and fluorescence

We define "dual fingerprint reagents" as chemical formulations that produce with latent fingerprints in one stage impressions that are both colored and fluorescent. Solutions containing ninhydrin and group IIb metal salts appear to be true dual reagents. Application of these formulations to latent fingerprints on paper is as efficient as the two-step process beginning with ninhydrin and followed by treatment with metal salt. In the color mode, fingerprint detectability with the two ninhydrin-metal salt reagents (one with zinc chloride and the other with cadmium chloride) is comparable with that of ninhydrin itself, in spite of the difference in color. The sensitivity is significantly higher in the fluorescence mode. To view the latent impressions the exhibits are treated with ninhydrin-metal salt reagents and observed under white light illumination and under fluorescence conditions. Cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature enhances the fluorescence considerably. In the shorter wavelength domain, ninhydrin-metal salt reagents exhibit higher sensitivity than the recently reported dual reagent, genipin. The latter is advantageous, however, in the longer wavelength domain, on paper items with strong self-fluorescence, such as brown wrapping paper or paper printed with fluorescent ink. Upon reduction of the ninhydrin concentration 10-fold, ninhydrin-metal salt formulations become purely fluorogenic reagents; no color is noticed but the fluorescence is as intense as with concentrated solutions. Working at lower concentrations is an advantage from ecological and economical viewpoints.     

Application of mist to fingermark detection: Misting with high-boiling-point liquid containing p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde and cyanoacrylate

In order to detect latent fingerprints that could be damaged by liquid or powder reagents, non-destructive processes such as gaseous reagents have been developed. In this report, we propose the use of fine mist generated when hot vapor of high-boiling-point liquids is rapidly cooled by surrounding air for fingermark detection. Octyl acetate (OA), 2-phenoxyethanol (2PE), and methyl decanoate (MD) were found to efficiently produce mist when heated to 230°C. By combining these liquids with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) and cyanoacrylate (CN), our team demonstrated effective fluorescence staining of cyano-treated fingermarks using DMAC/OA misting or DMAC/2PE misting, and one-step fluorescence detection of latent fingermarks without cyanoacrylate treatment using DMAC/OA/CN misting or DMAC/MD/CN misting. Fingermark fluorescence was efficiently observed by excitation with a blue LED light (max. wavelength 470 nm) equipped with an interference filter and passing through a 520 nm long-pass filter. We successfully obtained fluorescent images from fingermarks on several substrate materials using the developed misting method.     

A scanning beam time-resolved imaging system for fingerprint detection

A highly sensitive confocal scanning-beam system for time-resolved imaging of fingerprints is described. Time-resolved imaging is a relatively new forensic procedure for the detection and imaging of latent fingerprints on fluorescent substrates such as paper, cardboard, and fluorescent paint. Ordinary fluorescent imaging of latent fingerprints on these surfaces results in poor contrast. Instead, the specimens are treated with a phosphorescent dye that preferentially adheres to the fingerprint which allows time-resolved discrimination between the fingerprint phosphorescence and the background fluorescence. Time resolved images are obtained by synchronizing the digital sampling of the specimen luminescence with the on-off cycle of the chopped illumination beam. The merit of this technique is illustrated with high contrast images of fingerprints obtained from the fluorescent painted surface of a Coke can.     

荧光二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备及在手印显现中的应用

目的制备二氧化硅纳米粒子并探索其在手印显现中的应用。方法先制备亲油性二氧化硅纳米粒子,然后加入不同的荧光物质,通过控制变量法筛选出最佳的纳米粉末与荧光粉末的质量比。将制备出的荧光二氧化硅纳米粉末与纳米粉末、荧光粉末进行手印显现效果的比较。结果荧光二氧化硅纳米粒子对多种不同载体表面的潜手印有良好的显现效果。结论荧光二氧化硅纳米粉末与传统粉末相比,在显现有背景干扰客体上的手印有明显优势;与普通荧光粉末相比,荧光二氧化硅纳米粉末具有与手印物质结合效果好,毒性小,不易刷糊,成本低的优势。     

Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using NaYF4:Er,Yb up-converter particles

This article describes the first use of an anti-Stokes material, or up-converter, for the development of latent fingermarks on a range of non-porous surfaces. Anti-Stokes materials can absorb long-wavelength light and emit light at a shorter wavelength. This property is unusual in both natural and artificial materials and so fingermark detection techniques based on anti-Stokes luminescence are potentially sensitive and selective. Latent fingermarks on luminescent and non-luminescent substrates, including Australian polymer banknotes (a well-known 'difficult' surface), were developed with sodium yttrium tetrafluoride doped with erbium and ytterbium (NaYF(4):Er,Yb) by dry powder, wet powder, and cyanoacrylate staining techniques. This study illustrates the potential of up-converter phosphors for the detection of latent fingermarks.     

小颗粒黄色荧光粉YAG：Ce,Gd表面氨基化修饰显现指印的研究

目的研究高效、环保的手印显现技术,拓展黄色荧光粉YAG：Ce,Gd的应用范围。方法采用液相沉积法对黄色荧光粉进行氨基化修饰,并对修饰前后粉体进行红外光谱、光学性能及表面形貌的分析。结果氨基化的黄色荧光粉能够成功地显现非渗透性和渗透性客体上的油脂手印和汗液手印。结论本方法使手印显现效果达到高效、无毒、无损的要求。