利用Nd:YAG激光拍摄油渍指印

油渍指纹是刑事案件现场中较为常见的一类指印，由于其指印构成成份的特殊性，在提取大面积的油渍指印时，不易采用粉末显现法，容易造成沾染大量粉末而掩盖指印纹线；对于在深色背景上遗留的油渍指印，用普通光源照相其效果也不理想；Nd：YAG激光在显现提取各类汗液指印中，已取得了较好的实践成果，但对于提取油渍指印的运用，未见报道，在实践中我们利用Nd：YAG激光作为激发光源，采用５０２熏显油渍指印，提高Rh６G染色处理时对油指印的吸附能力，提取指印荧光强度，同样取得了很好的显现效果。１器材公安部第三研究所研制C８６３…     

紫外激光技术显现潜在指印的研究

目的研究显现潜在指印的新技术。方法用自主研发的266nm短波紫外线输出的ND：YAG激光器作为激发光源激发渗透性客体表面的潜在指印,使指印发出荧光。结果能有效显现出亮纹线暗背景的潜在指印发光图像。结论利用该紫外激光技术可以显现纸张等渗透性客体表面的潜在指印。     

光滑客体上指印的提取

光滑客体上及变压器硅钢片上的汗液手印的提取一直是刑事技术人员研究探讨的问题，笔者通过实践，利用５０２胶贴显、罗丹明６G染色、多波段光源激发法拍到了效果较好的手印，介绍如下：１显现原理两类客体均为非渗透性客体时，手印中的汗液容易停留在客体表面。５０２胶中的氰基丙烯酸乙酯分子能与汗液成分聚合形成白色产物，潜在手印即被固定。而该聚合物对荧光染料具有优先吸附性，经染色冲洗后，只有乳突纹线处的聚合物中含有荧光染料，而该荧光染料在一定波段的光源激发下，能发出较强的荧光，从而增大了反差，获得清晰手印。２操作方…     

502胶熏显手印的Ardrox荧光染色技术研究

目的 探究在常见塑料材质、玻璃等非渗透性客体上,502胶熏显后用Ardrox荧光液染色显现潜在手印方法。方法 收集12种常见塑料材质、玻璃等非渗透性客体,用Ardrox荧光液染色与罗丹明6G、BBD、龙胆紫进行显现潜在手印对比实验。同时测试Ardrox荧光液染色最佳遗留时间,采取控制变量,改变单一变量,选取显现效果最好的锡箔纸作为实验检材,分别在遗留1、3、5、7、15 d后进行显现。结果 在大多数常见塑料材质、玻璃等非渗透客体上,502胶-Ardrox荧光液显现效果优于罗丹明6G、BBD和龙胆紫,在锡箔纸、黑塑料袋、易拉罐上效果最好;在浅色客体或深色客体上,Ardrox荧光液均能取得很好的显现效果,光盘上的显现效果不佳。最佳遗留时间测试结果表明,Ardrox荧光液显现指纹,遗留15 d以内的样本都可以很清晰的显现出来,超过15 d,显现效果明显减弱。结论 502胶-Ardrox荧光液显现法显现率高、荧光强。     

荧光免疫法在显现吸烟者汗潜指印领域的应用

传统的指印显现方法虽简便易行,却存在灵敏度及分辨率不够高、对现场勘查人员的身体有害等问题,为检验鉴定工作造成一定的困难。因此,需要开发新型的显现方法,以克服上述困难。本文介绍了针对吸烟者汗潜指印中存在的尼古丁代谢产物-可替宁,利用抗原抗体反应进行指印显现的技术,经过处理的指印在特定波长紫外线的激发后即可显现出指印纹线,同时还能确认指印遗留者个人生活信息,不失为一种指印显现领域的新探索。     

利用荧光粉上色提取血脂印法

２００１年某日，我市发生一起枪杀抢劫出租车司机案，在现场勘查中发现被劫红色夏利车顶表面上（离前车窗上边缘６０cm，离驾驶位车门上边缘２０cm处）有一枚不完整的加层血指印。车顶表面上的血指印与红色夏利车颜色反差弱，肉眼从侧面可见纹线立体感差，加层不明显，也非血汗混合指印，但纹线较清晰，经用多波段光源照射，效果不理想。夏利车为非渗透物面，故不宜使用其他化学试剂显现，以免破坏指印。因该地区元月份气温在零下２９℃左右，寒冷干燥，显现血指印困难较大。为了提高血指印与红色夏利车之间的反差，大胆想出应用粉末显现的…     

遗留不同时间的潜在汗液指印紫外发光显现技术的实验研究

目前对于渗透性客体上的潜在汗液指印,紫外发光显现技术是一种行之有效且无损的方法。但是对同一枚指印,可能因为其遗留的时间不同,紫外发光显现有不同的显现效果,遗留时间较短,显现的效果可能好点,遗留时间较长,显现效果可能较差或者不能显现。本实验以笔记本纸上的潜在汗液指印(皮脂型潜在汗液指印)为样本,采用紫外发光显现技术测试能够显现潜在汗液指印遗留的最长时间。本实验中,笔记本纸上的潜在汗液指印分别放置1、7、40天,然后采用紫外发光显现技术显现指印,得到不同的显图1紫外发光显现技术装置示意图2实验步骤(1)将拍摄所需器材准备…     

多波段光源显现DFO指纹的探讨

针对常见纸张上DFO处理后的指印,利用多波段光源各种波段光配合不同滤色镜进行显现效果观察实验,进而得出最佳显现方法.     

"502"-BBD显现潜在指印方法的改进

用“５０２”显现指印时，由于客体的不同，显现效果有很大的差异。如在白色塑料、白色油漆面、白色瓷器等客体上形成的指印，经“５０２”显现后，反差小，不易观察，拍照提取极为困难。针对这些客体，先采用“５０２”熏显，再用BBD染色，结合多波段光源进行显现，效果优于其它染色方法。但是染色后容易造成整个指印部位产生荧光而影响显现效果，对此，笔者在原有操作基础上增加了清水漂洗处理过程，显现效果明显提高，并应用于实际工作中，介绍如下。１原理BBD，化学名称：７－苯甲氨基－４－硝基苯－２－氧杂－１，３－二唑，褐色絮…     

“502”熏显指印染色提取新方法

潜手印的显现方法中,“502”熏显法是近年来广泛使用的方法。但由于“502”熏显出的指印纹线呈白色,在浅色、白色客体上显出的指印反差小,不易拍照提取;同时由于“502”聚合物本身的特性,直接提取“502”熏显指印成为一大难题。目前多采用龙胆紫、孔雀绿染色照相提取的方法。在实际工作中,这两种染色液对检材要求苛刻,并且缺少补救措施。经过大量实验,我们摸索成功碘染色方法。此法操作简便,染色灵敏,染色后的指印可进一步处理变色,亦可用胶纸提取,是“502”熏显指印的理想处理方法。     

Application of mist to fingermark detection: Misting with high-boiling-point liquid containing p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde and cyanoacrylate

In order to detect latent fingerprints that could be damaged by liquid or powder reagents, non-destructive processes such as gaseous reagents have been developed. In this report, we propose the use of fine mist generated when hot vapor of high-boiling-point liquids is rapidly cooled by surrounding air for fingermark detection. Octyl acetate (OA), 2-phenoxyethanol (2PE), and methyl decanoate (MD) were found to efficiently produce mist when heated to 230°C. By combining these liquids with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) and cyanoacrylate (CN), our team demonstrated effective fluorescence staining of cyano-treated fingermarks using DMAC/OA misting or DMAC/2PE misting, and one-step fluorescence detection of latent fingermarks without cyanoacrylate treatment using DMAC/OA/CN misting or DMAC/MD/CN misting. Fingermark fluorescence was efficiently observed by excitation with a blue LED light (max. wavelength 470 nm) equipped with an interference filter and passing through a 520 nm long-pass filter. We successfully obtained fluorescent images from fingermarks on several substrate materials using the developed misting method.     

Development of Latent Fingerprints on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat

Apparatus to produce a spatially and temporally uniform heat source is described and this is used to visualize latent fingerprints deposited onto thermal paper by raising the temperature of the paper. Results show an improvement over previous research when fingerprint deposits are aged or the developed fingerprints faint; visualization being enhanced by the use of a blue LED light source of 465 nm peak wavelength. An investigation of the components in fingerprint sweat likely to affect the solubility and hence color change of the dye present in the thermal paper has shown that polar protic solvents able to donate a proton are favored and a polar amino acid found commonly in eccrine fingerprint sweat (lysine) has been shown able to produce the desired color change. Aged fingerprint deposits on thermal paper from a variety of sources up to 4 years old have been visualized with this technique.     

Fluorescence spectra and images of latent fingerprints excited with a tunable laser in the ultraviolet region

Fluorescence spectra of sebum-rich latent fingerprints were studied with a tunable laser for non-destructive fingerprint detection without chemical treatment. The tunable laser consists of a nanosecond pulsed Nd-YAG laser and an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) crystal. The fluorescence spectra and images were measured at various excitation wavelengths in the ultraviolet region by the time-resolved fluorescence method. We have previously reported that a typical fluorescence spectrum of fingerprints consists of two peaks located at c. 330 and 440 nm. In order to determine the wavelength of optimal excitation, excitation spectra were measured at wavelengths ranging from 220 to 310 nm. The fluorescence intensity of the 330 nm peak became maximal with excitation at 280 nm. The images of latent fingerprints on white papers were also measured and the clearest image was obtained with excitation at 280 nm. The influence of continuous irradiation on the fluorescence of fingerprints was measured at the optimal excitation wavelengths. The 330 nm peak was strong at first and decreased with continuous irradiation, whereas the 440 nm peak, which was weak at first, increased gradually.     

“502”加膜一染色法显现油质手印

目的探索方便快捷并有效的油质手印显现方法。方法用“502”熏显常见玻璃、粗糙皮革等不同客体上不同遗留时间的油汗手印和多油手印,加染后用透明胶带粘取。结果显现了30天左右大多数非渗透性客体上的油质加层手印,10天左右渗透性客体上的油质渐层手印。结论本方法适用于油质加层手印及部分油质渐层手印的显现,显出手印清晰,流畅,不破坏手印。     

TFD-2纸张手印快速显现系统的应用

目的介绍一种利用特殊的红外热成像技术显现常见纸张上汗潜手印的新方法。方法利用英国Foster4-Freeman公司生产的TFD-2纸张手印快速显现系统,通过特殊的红外热成像技术,使汗潜手印呈现强烈荧光,从而显现手印。结果红外热成像方法处理后,汗潜手印在特种激发光（带宽为450nm-510nm）激发下显出较强的橙色荧光;持续处理后,汗潜手印在自然光下呈棕褐色,并在短波紫外光源（254nm）激发下也可显出清晰连贯的手印纹线;而且,新鲜和陈旧手印均有较好的显现效果。结论TFD-2纸张手印快速显现系统显现纸张上汗潜手印的方法,具有操作简单、快速安全、无需化学试剂、显现效果明显的特点,适合推广使用。     

Detection of pretreated fingerprint fluorescence using an LED-based excitation system

Abstract:  Optimization of a light emitting diode (LED)-based excitation system for the detection of pretreated fingerprint fluorescence is described. Fluorescent ridges can usually be excited by irradiation with forensic light sources such as xenon arc lamps or quartz-halogen lamps with high-power output and suitable filters. However, they are too expensive for many crime laboratories in smaller organizations. We concentrated on LEDs which have advantages over conventional light sources in that they are simpler and of lower cost, but the power output and quality of each individual LED unit is not sufficient for the detection of weak fluorescent ridges. To resolve this subject, blue and green LED arrays composed of ninety LED units were adopted and suitable low pass filters for them were designed. An experimental system, consisting of blue and green LED arrays with the suitable low pass filters for illumination, high pass filters for viewing, a digital camera and a computer, was tested. The fluorescent images of cyanoacrylate ester fumed/rhodamine 6G stained fingerprint on white polyethylene sheet and weak fluorescent ridges of ninhydrin/indium chloride treated fingerprint on white paper were successfully detected and photographed. It was shown that the improvement of LED beam in intensity and quality can compensate the disadvantages, resulting in well-contrasted images.     

水溶性碲化镉量子点溶液显现血潜指纹

目的建立巯基丁二酸修饰的水溶性碲化镉量子点溶液（MSA/CdTe QDs）显现多种客体表面的血潜指纹的方法。方法利用量子点对人体血液成分的特异性标识作用,365nm紫外光激发使其荧光显像。结果 MSA/CdTe溶液显现时间显著短于文献报导的同类方法;显现效果和灵敏度优于显现血潜指纹常用试剂四甲基联苯胺和氨基黑10B。结论水溶性MSA/CdTe溶液适于显现多种客体表面的血潜指纹,效果优异。     

新型荧光502粉末与502胶＋荧光染色显现潜在手印的比较

目的对新型荧光502粉末显现非渗透性光滑客体表面潜手印的一步荧光502显现新技术和传统502胶水熏显＋荧光染料染色显现手印技术进行比较研究。方法比较实验研究,对荧光502粉末和502胶水使用同一自动熏显柜先后进行熏显,荧光502粉末熏显结束后直接在蓝光灯下激发进行观察和拍照;502胶水在熏显完成和聚合物完全固化后使用罗丹明6G和BBD溶液进行荧光染色,再进行光致荧光照相。结果一步熏显和二次染色的显现效果基本相同,但两者的显现效果也因检材性质和遗留时间的不同而存在一些差别。结论新型荧光502粉末可以作为一种显现非渗透性光滑客体表面上潜手印的常用方法,尽管新方法对某些客体的显现效果并不好,但对大多数客体来说,其显现效果并不弱于二次染色的方法,并且使用新型荧光502粉末进行一步熏显不会引入有机溶剂,不会引起502聚合物的溶解或造成破坏,确保了纹线及其细节特征不被损坏,也避免了染色后因漂洗不当使手印纹线被冲掉的可能,还不会破坏脱落细胞等生物检材。     

PAMAM G7.0的制备及在非渗透性表面手印显现中的应用

目的探索一种非渗透性表面手印显现的新方法。方法根据现有方法合成第七代聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM G7.0）树形分子材料,并使用荧光光谱法对产物进行荧光测试;将合成材料对多种客体表面、不同遗留时间的手印进行显现,并将显现结果与粉末法和传统的荧光染料法进行比对。结果实验表明该荧光材料在365nm光激发下可以发出较强的可见荧光;与粉末法和传统的荧光染料法相比,PAMAM G7.0可以同手印残留物进行高选择性结合,手印纹线与背景之间的反差大。结论PAMAMG7.0可以有效地显出非渗透性客体表面的手印。     

指甲花醌显现纸张上汗潜手印初步研究

目的介绍一种用天然植物提取成分指甲花醌显现渗透性纸张表面汗潜手印的方法。方法利用指甲花醌能够和手印遗留物质中的氨基酸发生显色反应来显现手印。结果显现出的手印纹线在自然光下观察呈紫褐色,并且在540nm激发光源条件下,通过红色护目镜观察还有很强的荧光特征。结论指甲花醌显现法具有安全性高、健康环保、操作简单、显现效果明显的特点。