电子病历相关法律问题研究

电子病历自应用以来在减轻医疗负担、提高医疗效率、标准化诊疗行为等方面作出了积极的贡献。目前,我国在应用电子病历的过程中遇到了法律、技术等方面的阻碍,不能完全发挥其优势。本文通过对电子病历隐私保护、法律地位、知情同意三个方面的问题进行梳理,以推动电子病历的发展符合法律标准。     

澳大利亚新南威尔士州《健康记录和信息隐私权法》之解读及借鉴

电子健康记录的蓬勃发展呼唤建立新的法律制度,以保护与之相关的信息隐私.遵循在保护和利用之间寻求平衡的基本理念,澳大利亚新南威尔士州订立了《健康记录和信息隐私权法》.介绍该法内容,提出我国个人健康信息立法的途径选择和基本原则.     

论知识经济时代空间隐私权的侵权法保护——以美国侵权法空间隐私权保护为启示的研究

空间隐私权是围绕隐私空间保护而形成的人格性权利,其所针对的是对隐私空间的不法侵入而非隐私信息的不法传播。在知识经济时代,公民隐私空间的保护面临着前所未有之挑战。我国侵权责任法已经出台,其中确立了隐私权的法律地位,但对空间隐私权却只字未提。因此有必要对空间隐私权的法律定位、侵权类型、责任构成进行研究,在借鉴外国法经验的基础上,形成我国的空间隐私权保护制度。     

电子病历共享中个人信息安全的法律保护研究

在国家积极推进医疗信息系统技术发展的背景下，电子病历共享成为医疗信息化建设的重要内容之一。患者个人信息比起一般个人信息更具有敏感性、脆弱性和高价值性，正是因为如此，缺乏完善的制度规范往往会造成患者信息泄露、被恶意利用等现象，对患者的人格利益造成一定的侵害。通过对电子病历共享中个人信息保护进行理论基础分析，针对电子病历共享下的原则以及参与主体应承担的义务提出建议。     

网络信息隐私权法律保护研究

网络信息隐私权是网络环境中产生的新问题.从隐私权涵义入手,阐述网络环境中隐私和隐私权的内容,分析国外网络信息隐私权保护现状,分析我国网络信息隐私权的保护情况,对法律保护模式及立法架构进行理性思考.     

论隐私权之界限

隐私又称为阴私,在现代科技信息发达的情况下,由于隐私信息被非法泄露导致上当受骗的情况屡见不鲜,也愈来愈受到人们的重视。我国的《侵权责任法》明确规定了隐私权要受到法律保护,但对隐私权的概念、类型及内容没有明确规定。为研究隐私权的基本制度,从我国现行民事法律对隐私权的规定入手,对隐私权的概念、类型及内容进行了分析研究,对我国目前的隐私权法律保护现状进行了反思,提出了相应的立法建议。     

电子病历的法律问题刍议

杭州市自2013年1月1日起,市属医疗机构、其他在杭医疗机构以及社区卫生服务中心,都将推行标准化电子病历。至今已经推行了将近半年时间,然而,与传统的纸质病历相比,作为计算机信息时代产物的电子病历,其相关法律法规的制定与保护方面却相对落后,更无法满足司法实践的需要。文章尝试着从境内外电子病历的应用现状、杭州市2013年全面推行电子病历半年来,所面临的诉讼证据和司法鉴定等法律问题、新民诉法电子病历的适用这三个方面对电子病历的法律问题进行初步探讨,以期有助于电子病历在杭州顺利推行。     

电子政务过程中的公民数据隐私法律保护

发展电子政务给公民的个人数据隐私保护带来了新的挑战。当今世界各国大都倾向于对公民的个人数据隐私进行专门的立法保护,并已形成了有关公民个人数据隐私保护的一些基本原则。为推动我国电子政务的发展,切实保护数据主体的数据隐私,我国有必要学习借鉴世界其他国家和地区有关个人数据保护立法的经验和成果,制定我国的个人数据保护法。     

消费者隐私权保护

目前,我国在立法方面对消费者隐私权的保护存在着缺乏系统性和可操作性、内容不周延、缺少专门立法和消费者信息开放和信息保护不协调等不足.借鉴国外立法的系统性和可操作性等先进经验,我们必须先针对现存的问题采取相应提高法律的可实施性、协调信息的开放性与保密性、加强对受到侵害的的消费者的救济与信息保护,从而改善我国法律对消费者隐私的保护.     

跨境电子数据取证中的冲突与对策

刑事案件跨境电子数据的取证中面临着两个难点:电子数据侦查与公民个人信息保护之间的冲突、跨境电子取证与司法管辖权之间的冲突。应平衡案件侦查与公民个人信息保护之间的关系,建立网络服务商义务协助机制、完善公民个人信息保护的相关法律。平衡跨境电子取证与司法管辖权之间的关系,在坚持我国司法主权独立的基础上加强跨境电子数据取证的合作,基于公民隐私程度、案件危害程度、不同对象、取证阶段等因素建立分层次的电子数据跨境取证模式。跨境电子数据取证中保证各类电子数据的完整性,提高侦查技术水平。     

Blood rights: the body and information privacy

Genetic and other medical technology makes blood, human tissue and other bodily samples an immediate and accessible source of comprehensive personal and health information about individuals. Yet, unlike medical records, bodily samples are not subject to effective privacy protection or other regulation to ensure that individuals have rights to control the collection, use and transfer of such samples. This article examines the existing coverage of privacy legislation, arguments in favour of baseline protection for bodily samples as sources of information and possible approaches to new regulation protecting individual privacy rights in bodily samples.     

Privacy and research involving humans

Human research ethics committees in Australia are required to consider compliance with privacy law as an element of the ethics of research. Recent legislation has introduced federal private sector privacy protection, as well as privacy protection at State and Territory levels. In Victoria, which is used as an example in this article, State privacy legislation covers public sector information and health records. This article considers the implications for research involving human participants and for ethics committees of the new privacy regimes. Although privacy law is a potential barrier to research about humans, the need for exceptions has been dealt with effectively in the context of medical or health research. However, privacy law and its chilling effect could potentially be a serious impediment to some forms of non-health-related research, such as social and socio-legal research.     

网络时代的隐私权──兼论美国和欧盟网络隐私权保护规则及其对我国的启示

随着网络和信息技术的快速发展,网络上的个人隐私权正在被严重地侵害,面对这种侵害,各国都致力于建立完善的网络隐私权法律保护体系。从比较研究的角度讨论美国和欧盟的网络隐私权立法保护模式和规则,并对我国网络隐私权的保护提出立法建议。     

The legal construction of personal information protection and privacy under the Chinese Civil Code

Personal information protection and privacy interact in diverse ways, especially in the contemporary information age. Although books and articles have focused on this topic, the new tendencies of worldwide legislation and judicial practice bring challenges, as the legal construction of personal information protection and privacy differs from culture to culture and time to time. In 2017, the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China (“the General Provisions of the Chinese Civil Code” hereafter)¹ (expired) addresses the legal concepts of personal information protection and the right to privacy simultaneously, to which this article refers as the dual model, differing from the one-dimensional mode of privacy protection before. Subsequently, the “The Right to Privacy and the Protection of Personal Information,” a chapter of the newly issued Civil Code of the People's Republic of China's (“the Chinese Civil Code” hereafter), ascertains the dual model and details related provisions. It has been dubbed a landmark ruling of China's personal information protection, greatly boosting the modernization of China's civil system.Despite the many articles that discuss approaches to China's civil protections, little attention has been given to the fundamental question concerning what exactly encompasses the personal information protection and privacy to which these laws refer. Based on the regulations and applicability of the General Provisions of the Chinese Civil Code and the Chinese Civil Code, this paper explores the legal construction of personal information protection and privacy under Chinese legal orders, including the differences, similarities, and interplay between the two rights. By distinguishing the legal value, contents and remedial approaches, this paper concludes that the two rights are distinct but overlap. On one side, personal information protection is elevated to the status of a separate civil right in the legal context of China, rather than part of privacy. On the other side, tailored regulations should be establish according to the criteria of the nature of information, the extent of information processing, and the elements of damage when confronted with overlaps in the two rights in judicial practice. Thus, this paper provides a perspective from which to clarify the approaches to civil protection of personal information and privacy in China and a reference model for enactment of the Chinese Personal Information Protection Law in the future.     

Information Privacy Protection in the New Chinese Civil Code: Priority or Replacement?

The right to privacy has been developed through judicial practice and has evolved from “the protection of the right to reputation” to “privacy interest” then to “privacy right.” The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (2020) clarifies the right to information privacy and the right to personal information as two independent personality rights and establishes a privacy priority protection mechanism for private information in civil law. The comparative efficiency of the right to personal information may mean that the protection of the right to information privacy is weakened or even replaced by the right to personal information. The uncertainty and fragmentation of private information also creates a wide gray space for judicial decisions. The development from traditional privacy right to information privacy right and personal information right is generally positive and shows the active legal response to the protection of private information in multiple ways. However, clarifications and systematization are required to increase the effectiveness of such protections.     

Rules of agency practice and procedure concerning OSHA access to employee medical records. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States Department of Labor (OSHA). Final rule

These rules of agency practice and procedure, promulgated today as a new 29 CFR 1913.10, govern OSHA access to personally identifiable employee medical information contained in medical records. The rules are structured to protect the substantial personal privacy interests inherent in identifiable medical records, while also permit OSHA to make beneficial use of these records for proper occupational safety and health purposes. The rules regulate the manner in which OSHA will seek access to employee medical records, and how the medical information will be protected once in the agency's possession.     

Patient confidentiality statutes in Medicare & Medicaid fraud investigations

The Medicare and Medicaid programs have been burdened with health care providers' fraudulent and abusive practices since their implementation in 1965. To help states discover and prevent Medicare and Medicaid fraud, Congress has enacted statutes permitting access to patients' medical records in investigations of fraud. The majority of states have enacted physician-patient and psychotherapist-patient privilege statutes to protect confidential information from disclosure. Thus, the state's need for patient information conflicts with the patient's right of privacy. This Note discusses several court decisions that have wrestled with the tension between these two policies. The courts, after balancing the state interest in eliminating fraud against the patient's privacy interest, have often allowed disclosure of patient medical records. Although some courts have attempted to limit the extent of the information disclosed, few have set forth explicit standards to protect patient records from unwarranted disclosure of confidential information. This Note suggests guidelines for courts, legislatures and health care providers to uniformly limit the extent of this disclosure.     

基因隐私权的法学思考

由于基因科学迅速发展以及基因技术的广泛使用,对个人基因信息的法律保护问题日显突出.从民法上的隐私权出发,提出基因隐私权的概念,并继而探讨基因隐私权与其他权利,尤其是基因知情权的冲突.通过比较美国与我国对基因隐私权的法律保护,提出了对基因隐私权进行系统法律保护的立法建议.     

基因信息与基因隐私权的保护

基因信息包含了一个人生命的全部秘密，应纳入隐私权的保护范围。基因隐私权的内容包括采样时的知情同意权，基因信息的知晓权，基因信息的保密权，基因信息的利用权。侵犯基因隐私权具有便捷性、隐蔽性、关联性、实质性、长久性等特点。我国立法应确立基因隐私权。侵害基因隐私权应承担相应民事责任。     

Research on medical records without informed consent

Observational research involving access to personally identifiable data in medical records has often been conducted without informed consent, owing to practical barriers to soliciting consent and concerns about selection bias. Nevertheless, medical records research without informed consent appears to conflict with basic ethical norms relating to clinical research and personal privacy. This article analyzes the scope of these norms and provides an ethical justification for research using personally identifiable medical information without consent.