8个miniSTR基因座复合扩增系统的建立及其应用

目的建立扩增片段〈200bp,包含CSF1PO,TH01,TPOX,D3S1358,FGA,D7S820,D21S11,PentaD 8个miniSTR基因座的复合扩增体系。方法采用四色荧光染料标记引物,PCR扩增后,应用ABI 3130遗传分析仪进行片段长度分析,对280例无关个体,137例疑难生物物证进行了检验。结果280例无关个体的调查结果为除1例在CSF1PO基因座外,其余样本的各基因座分型结果与AmpFLSTR Identifiler试剂盒完全相同。与应用ID试剂盒比较,明显提高了137例疑难生物物证的检出率。结论该检测技术方法稳定,结果准确,重复性好,且其判型结果可进行DNA数据库查询、比对,为刑事案件及灾难事故中疑难生物物证的检验提供了一条新的途径。     

“行动办案系统“使用初探

“行动办案系统”主要由数码相机、笔记本电脑、打印机、投影仪等硬件设备和名捕刑侦用计算机痕检/文检图像处理系统等软件组成.建立起“行动办案系统”后,就如同把侦破指挥部搬到了现场,可以将现场痕迹和物证用数码相机拍摄后,经笔记本电脑处理,进行现场打印或有线、无线的远程传输、比对.同时还可以利用网络信息,及时了解、查询案件资料,即使是在没有固定电话的野外,也可以通过手机卡拨号上网,收集资料.     

视力表投影仪视力与对比度视力的相关性

目的研究视力表投影仪视力(以下简称"投影仪视力")与对比度视力测量值的相关性,探讨对比度视力在眼损伤后法医临床学视觉功能障碍鉴定中的应用价值。方法征集中青年志愿受检者79人共129眼作为实验组,分别检查其投影仪视力与对比度视力。对比度视力中,视标对比度分别为100%、25%、10%。统计分析两组实验数据的相关性。结果投影仪视力与100%对比度视力具有一致性;随视标对比度的下降,视力值的大小下降;相同视标对比度下,投影仪视力与对比度视力的均值呈线性相关。结论投影仪视力和对比度视力密切相关,对比度视力可以在法医临床学司法鉴定实践中推广应用。     

谈多媒体在英语教学中的作用

近年来,随着国家和社会对教育投入的加大,我国英语教学的条件得到了显著的改善。很多传统的语音教室在原有放音设备的基础上添置了计算机、投影仪、影碟机、录像机等现代化设备,从而使英语教学进入一个崭新的阶段——多媒体教学。由教师根据不同课型的要求灵活运用相关的多媒体进行教学是本文笔者在进行多年的英语口语与听力教学总结出的一些见解。     

红外差谱技术用于微量混合油漆的比对检验

对交通事故中的漆片检材进行同一物质比对时,某些情况下难以提取到单一的油漆碎片而是两辆车的油漆混合在一起,给物证比对带来困难。红外差谱技术具有辨别混合物中不同成分的功能,因此可应用于交通事故中混合油漆检材的比对检验。本文对一起交通事故的漆片检材,分别用三种方式提取、制样,用红外光谱仪进行分析,借助红外差谱技术对谱图进行处理,排除混合油漆的干扰。处理后得到的谱图与样本的谱图进行比对,结果显示两者主要官能团吸收峰位置、峰型、峰强度基本一致,可出具比对一致的结论。针对混合油漆检材的比对检验,红外差谱技术可提供支持。     

一枚变形指印的试验与分析

2000年10月17日,常州天宁分局送检杀人案现场指印11枚,接到指印后,根据送检方提供的情况,将现场指印分别编为1～11号。并首先对1号较完整的左拇指印进行检索,设定好指位、纹型、中心半径、中心角度后在其中心及右侧选取稳定特征12个,用比对一、比对二进行了检索,未发现相同指印,接着对2号指印进行检索,在其中心上端选取9个细节特征用比对一进行检索,结果排名第一位的4104003619号左食指印与2号指印完全相同。取出4104003619号十指卡用放大镜将卡片上的左拇指印与1号指印进行比对,结果认定（见图1、2）。系统检索1号指印时为什么没有将3619号检出,随后采用比对一、比对二反复做了比对试验。     

上海申哲推出挂装式磁力锁

<正>上海申哲信息系统有限公司专注于自己的专业,在此次展会上,重点推出了挂装式磁力锁,其型号包括NAKAYO-280A2(挂装式),NAKAYO-280A(挂装信号型)。其中NAKAYO-280A拥有多项功能:1、适用于90度单向开门(只能内开或外开)的木门、玻璃门、铁门;     

对比度视力容许区间在鉴别伪装视力降低中的应用

目的 探索法医学鉴定中运用对比度视力方法鉴别被鉴定人伪装或夸大视力降低的价值.方法 根据前期对比度视力与投影仪视力相关性的研究结果,收集正常志愿者166眼作为对照组,分别检测投影仪视力与100％、25％、10％视标对比度下的对比度视力,获得不同投影仪视力水平与以上视标对比度下相应的视力95％容许区间;收集眼外伤被鉴定人64眼,根据其100％对比度视力值是否在相应对比度视力的容许区间内,分为A组(初步排除伪装或夸大视力降低)与B组(疑有伪装或夸大视力降低组).运用统计学软件进行数据分析.结果 投影仪视力检测值≤0.3以及0.4～0.7组的受检眼,在不同对比度视标检测下,A、B组的差异均有统计学意义(P≤0.05);投影仪视力检测值≥0.8组的受检眼,在不同对比度下,A、B组的差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05).结论 当被鉴定人受伤眼的投影仪视力在0.8以下,可加测对比度视力.参照投影仪视力对应的对比度视力容许区间,当受检眼对比度视力值在容许区间以外,应考虑其存在伪装或夸大视力降低.     

对比度视力容许区间在鉴别伪装视力降低中的应用

目的探索法医学鉴定中运用对比度视力方法鉴别被鉴定人伪装或夸大视力降低的价值。方法根据前期对比度视力与投影仪视力相关性的研究结果,收集正常志愿者166眼作为对照组,分别检测投影仪视力与100%、25%、10%视标对比度下的对比度视力,获得不同投影仪视力水平与以上视标对比度下相应的视力95%容许区间;收集眼外伤被鉴定人64眼,根据其100%对比度视力值是否在相应对比度视力的容许区间内,分为A组（初步排除伪装或夸大视力降低）与B组（疑有伪装或夸大视力降低组）。运用统计学软件进行数据分析。结果投影仪视力检测值≤0.3以及0.4~0.7组的受检眼,在不同对比度视标检测下,A、B组的差异均有统计学意义（P≤0.05）;投影仪视力检测值≥0.8组的受检眼,在不同对比度下,A、B组的差异无统计学意义（P≥0.05）。结论当被鉴定人受伤眼的投影仪视力在0.8以下,可加测对比度视力。参照投影仪视力对应的对比度视力容许区间,当受检眼对比度视力值在容许区间以外,应考虑其存在伪装或夸大视力降低。     

“转印”手印的检验

1995年3月,山东邹城市法院受理孙某与山东单县苏某的经济纠纷案。苏称壹万肆仟元借条上“万肆”两字上的手印系孙捺印,孙某否认借条是他所写,称手印不是他捺印的。此案后转送到济宁市公安局,要求检验借条的真伪。 接案后,笔者将手印置于显微镜下、投影仪上及红外、紫外、强光下观察,发现“万肆”两字上的手印为颜色较淡的红色印泥痕,只能看到淡红色的模糊轮廓。将其置于C86310CS便携式激光检查仪下,该手印的纹型、纹线特征及捺印轮廓边缘线均清晰地反映出来,经拍照,得到一枚反映出多处特征的指纹照片。将该指纹边缘轮廓与另一“支款条”上孙某名字上的红色印泥手印边缘轮廓特征及纹线特征进行比对检验,认定该指印是孙某     

Biometrics,e-identity and the balance between security and privacy： A case study of Passenger Name Record （PNR） system

The proposal of European Commission for a Framework Decision on the use of Passenger Name Record （PNR） data for law enforcement purposes, specially combating terrorism, raises new security and privacy issues such as the compatibility with the proporsionality principle. Aftermath of the September 11 attacks a new political-law status of ＂war＂ against the so-called unlawful combatants of the ＂enemy is established. Some measures against terrorism may seem reasonable in a situation of war although they would never be acceptable in a time of piece.     

Technology transfer perspectives in globalising India (drugs and pharmaceuticals and biotechnology)

The paper briefly outlines the status of technology transfer related issues in drugs & pharma and biotechnology sectors in India. The paper also outlines the contemporary business strategies including R&D and technology transfer models. The study indicates that present technology transfer policies and mechanisms are weak and need to be restructured. The current fiscal incentives and tax concessions etc. available for R&D in industry seem to have outlived and are no longer attractive because of continuous lowering of tariff rates and tax rates in the context of WTO and liberalization of policies. Moreover, the issue of R&D support to industry is not covered in the WTO as in case of subsidies. Therefore, it is advisable for the government to revisit the existing promotional measures for R&D. FDI policies also need to be tailored to encourage Technology transfers and capability building. Recommendations are made for making Technology Transfer more effective for the growth and competitiveness of the industry. A technology transfer management model is suggested.      

Immigration,intermarriage and the changing face of Europe in the post war period

In this article we compare the propensity to intermarry of various migrant groups and their children who settled in Germany, France, England, Belgium and the Netherlands in the post-war period, using a wide range of available statistical data. We try to explain different intermarriage patterns within the framework of Alba and Nee's assimilation theory and pay special attention to the role of religion, colour and colonial background. We therefore compare colonial with non colonial migrants and within these categories between groups with ‘European’ (Christian) and non-European (Islam, Hinduism) religions. First of all, religion appears to be an important variable. Migrants whose faith has no tradition in Western Europe intermarry at a much lower rate than those whose religious backgrounds correspond with those that are common in the country of settlement. The rate of ethnic endogamous marriages in Western Europe are highest in Hindu and Muslim communities, often regardless if they came as guest workers or colonial migrants. Whereas differences in religion diminish the propensity to intermarry, colour or ‘racial’ differences on the other hand seem to be less important. This is largely explained by the pre-migration socialisation. Furthermore, the paper argues that the attention to institutions, as rightly advocated by Richard Alba and Victor Nee, needs a more refined and layered elaboration. Institutions, often as barriers to intermarriage, do not only emanate from the receiving society, but also—be it less formalized—within migrant communities. Especially religions and family systems, but also organized nationalist feelings, can have a profound influence on how migrants think about endogamy. Finally, strong pressures to assimilate, often through institutionalized forms of discrimination and stigmatization, not only produce isolation and frustrate assimilation (with resulting low intermarriage rates), but can also stimulate assimilation by 'passing' mechanisms. These factors, together with a more comparative perspective, are not completely ignored in the new assimilation theory, but—as this study of Western European intermarriage patterns stresses—deserve to be included more systematically in historical and social scientist analyses.     

Species Identification of Cannabis sativa Using Real‐Time Quantitative PCR (qPCR),

Most narcotics‐related cases in the United States involve Cannabis sativa. Material is typically identified based on the cystolithic hairs on the leaves and with chemical tests to identify of the presence of cannabinoids. Suspect seeds are germinated into a viable plant so that morphological and chemical tests can be conducted. Seed germination, however, causes undue analytical delays. DNA analyses that involve the chloroplast and nuclear genomes have been developed for identification of C. sativa materials, but they require several nanograms of template DNA. Using the trnL 3′ exon‐trnF intragenic spacer regions within the C. sativa chloroplast, we have developed a real‐time quantitative PCR assay that is capable of identifying picogram amounts of chloroplast DNA for species determination of suspected C. sativa material. This assay provides forensic science laboratories with a quick and reliable method to identify an unknown sample as C. sativa.     

A production system to generate reference genetic profiles from buccal swab cells on FTA cards

To generate the large quantity of genetic profiles that continuously feeds the French Reference Sample Database (F.N.A.E.G.), a secure and robust process is required. A complete automated production chain has been developed by Hamilton Robotics and the French Police Scientifique in Lyon to produce genetic profiles from buccal swab cells on FTA^® cards. The activities have been divided between Pre- and Post-PCR. The samples on FTA^® cards are punched directly into PCR plates. The plates are then transferred onto the Hamilton Microlab^® STAR liquid handling instruments. Air displacement pipetting coupled with Hamilton's CO-RE Technology allows a highly secure and contamination free pipetting for FTA^® wash and STR^® Identifiler^® PCR reaction set-up. Plates are sealed and transferred to the Post-PCR system for pooling into 384 format and denaturation. Throughout the process steps a complete sample tracking is performed and sample information is transferred to the LIMS system. This poster describes in detail this production system with an actual throughput of 40,000 samples/month, which is in production since 2006.     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

Interrupting the Myth of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Partage</Emphasis>: Reflections on Sovereignty and Sacrifice in the work of Nancy,Agamben and Derrida

Agamben traces the bio-political essence of modern politics to the non-sacrificial killing of Homo Sacer in Roman law. Nancy, on the other hand, links the history of Western politics to the fundamental logic of sacrifice in Western metaphysics. He nevertheless contemplates the possibility that Western societies may finally have arrived at the threshold of a non-sacrificial existence. Derrida seeks to resist the sacrificial logic of Western metaphysics and politics, but nevertheless appears to accept it as an irreducible fact of human co-existence. Unlike Nancy, he envisages no actual or actualised beyond beyond the realm of sacrificial metaphysics and politics. He thus can be said to interrupt Nancy’s ‘myth’ of a non-sacrificial partage. This article compares these three philosophical stances in the hope of throwing more light on the role of sacrifice in the law and politics of our time. Professor of Law, Rand Afrikaans University. Conversations with Ann van Sevenant, Carol Clarkson, Louise du Toit, Peter Fitzpatrick, Costas Douzinas and Adam Thurschwell gave impetus to many of the themes developed in this article. Concomitant shortcomings and inaccuracies, as always, are mine.     

Forensic identification science evidence since Daubert: Part II--judicial reasoning in decisions to exclude forensic identification evidence on grounds of reliability

Many studies regarding the legal status of forensic science have relied on the U.S. Supreme Court's mandate in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., and its progeny in order to make subsequent recommendations or rebuttals. This paper focuses on a more pragmatic approach to analyzing forensic science's immediate deficiencies by considering a qualitative analysis of actual judicial reasoning where forensic identification evidence has been excluded on reliability grounds since the Daubert precedent. Reliance on general acceptance is becoming insufficient as proof of the admissibility of forensic evidence. The citation of unfounded statistics, error rates and certainties, a failure to document the analytical process or follow standardized procedures, and the existence of observe bias represent some of the concerns that have lead to the exclusion or limitation of forensic identification evidence. Analysis of these reasons may serve to refocus forensic practitioners' testimony, resources, and research toward rectifying shortfalls in these areas.     

Evaluation of six presumptive tests for blood, their specificity, sensitivity, and effect on high molecular-weight DNA

Luminol, leuchomalachite green, phenolphthalein, Hemastix, Hemident, and Bluestar are all used as presumptive tests for blood. In this study, the tests were subjected to dilute blood (from 1:10,000 to 1:10,000,000), many common household substance, and chemicals. Samples were tested for DNA to determine whether the presumptive tests damaged or destroyed DNA. The DNA loci tested were D2S1338 and D19S433. Leuchomalachite green had a sensitivity of 1:10,000, while the remaining tests were able to detect blood to a dilution of 1:100,000. Substances tested include saliva, semen, potato, tomato, tomato sauce, tomato sauce with meat, red onion, red kidney bean, horseradish, 0.1 M ascorbic acid, 5% bleach, 10% cupric sulfate, 10% ferric sulfate, and 10% nickel chloride. Of all the substances tested, not one of the household items reacted with every test; however, the chemicals did. DNA was recovered and amplified from luminol, phenolphthalein, Hemastix, and Bluestar, but not from leuchomalachite green or Hemident.     

The Case of the Hypocritical

This paper analyzes the idea of critique as an idea, in relation to the problematic fiction of legal foundations. In doing so, it refers to the work of Giorgio Agamben and Jean-Luc Nancy. In particular, Jean-Luc Nancy’s concept of the lapsus of right (jus) is explored in relation to the fiction of a Law of law and the notion of the Right to have rights. The paper argues for the conception of an immanent critique of law that seeks to have done with foundational judgments as primary to critique. To have done with judgment as primary is crucial as judgment is the way in which philosophies of law have attempted to establish their own justification while claiming that such a ground or justification comes from an external source. Instead, what is to be reconceived and in a preliminary way is that critique and its concepts are intimate to their problems and vice versa. I wish to thank each of the participants to this issue for their effort and their kind collaboration and V. Kelley for her invaluable assistance in the final editing process. I thank C. Douzinas for introducing me to the work of Jean-Luc Nancy and P. Fitzpatrick and S. Motha for sharing their paths of reading. Especial thanks to A.␣Schütz, E. Loizidou, N. Moore, J.á. Bellido Anon and A. Bottomley for discussions on disagreement. Gratitude is owed to J.-L. Nancy for inspiring thoughts and writings and for the sweetness in response to my suggestion that there are no antidotes to the poisons we write. This is for the wonderful Elene.