QSZ92式9mm手枪枪弹痕迹检验

1枪弹简介QSZ92式9mm手枪是我国最新研制成的军用手枪(见图1),该枪使用DAP92式9mm普通弹(见图2),也可发射9mm“帕拉贝鲁姆”手枪弹,发射方式为半自动;闭锁机构为枪管回转式闭锁;击发方式为击锤式;拉杆分离式发射机构;可单动或联动发射;除有手动保险针、还有击针保险和跌落保险;具有膛內有弹指示、弹匣余弹显示及空仓挂机。DAP92式9mm普通弹外形尺寸与国外9mm“帕拉贝鲁姆”手枪弹相同,并可与该弹通用。枪弹技术参数见表1。图1QSZ92式9mm手枪;图2DAPQSZ92式9mm手枪弹表1枪弹技术参数QSZ92式9mm手枪9DmAmPQ手SZ枪92弹式口径:9mm膛…     

猎枪射击弹壳上击针孔痕迹的变化及成因

1问题的提出 猎枪属于民用非自动滑膛枪支，大多数使用12号规格猎枪弹。其射击弹壳击针痕迹位于弹壳底部中心，呈圆形，痕底呈球冠状，多为均匀圆滑，无明显的细节特征。但是在日常的枪弹痕迹检验当中，多会发现其射击弹壳击针孔痕迹中有时会出现圆形或椭圆形的突起状痕迹特征，我们俗称之为击针头的“假特征”（见图1）。     

猎枪射击弹壳上击针孔痕迹的变化及成因

1问题的提出猎枪属于民用非自动滑膛枪支,大多数使用12号规格猎枪弹。其射击弹壳击针痕迹位于弹壳底部中心,呈圆形,痕底呈球冠状,多为均匀圆滑,无明显的细节特征。但是在日常的枪弹痕迹检验当中,多会发现其射击弹壳击针孔痕迹中有时会出现圆形或椭圆形的突起状痕迹特征,我们俗称之为击针头的“假特征”(见图1)。这种痕迹特征与猎枪在使用过程中,在击针头产生的凹凸痕迹的细节特征明显不同;即使同一支猎枪所发射,在射击弹壳上击针孔痕迹也会产生变化。有的猎枪弹底会出现上述的痕迹特征,有的不出现(见图2);即使出现了该类痕迹,其痕迹特征亦不…     

锯短唧筒式猎枪击针痕迹的变化分析

唧筒式猎枪俗称“五连发”,国内生产厂家较多,具有易拆卸、便携带、威力大等特点,涉案较多。近两年,笔者共检验此类枪10 0余支,绝大多数枪管、枪托被锯短,其中“长安”和“资江”生产的两种枪痕迹特征变化较典型,主要表现为击针痕有时凸起一小圆面,直径2mm ,初期,对此不能作出科学、合理的解释,也未见相关的文献报道。针对此,笔者多次实验取样,将射击方法、观察结果进行比较,对该类被锯短猎枪射击弹壳上痕迹变化情况进行分析。结果报道如下。1　实验方法取锯短的“资江”唧筒式猎枪92支,“长安”唧筒式猎枪16支,共计10 8支,均配用12号猎枪弹…     

国产92式9mm手枪

92式9mm军用手枪系统从1992年开始论证,1994年正式批准立项开始研制,1998年设计定型。该枪使用DAP92式 9mm普通弹,也可发射9mm巴拉贝鲁姆手枪弹,发射方式为半自动,闭锁机构为枪管回转式,击发方式为击锤式,拉杆分离式发射机构,可单动或连动发射,除有手动保险外,还有击     

2005式9mm警用转轮手枪射击弹壳痕迹研究

目的 研究2005式9mm警用转轮手枪射击弹壳痕迹,为警用转轮手枪射击弹壳痕迹检验鉴定提供理论依据.方法 预实验中选取10把警用转轮手枪以单动、联动方式分别射击收取弹壳样本,观察识别射击弹壳上各个痕迹的位置、形态及相互关系;补充验证实验中选取其中5把警用转轮手枪以单动方式分别进行射击实验,完善、验证预实验中得出的结论.结果警用转轮手枪射击弹壳上的烟垢痕迹、弹底窝痕迹及击针头痕迹的分布位置、形态具有规律性,具备检验鉴定价值.结论 利用弹底窝痕迹、烟垢痕迹结合击针头痕迹,可以实现射击弹壳的准确定位;利用烟垢痕迹、弹底窝痕迹及击针头痕迹具有推定弹壳先后射击顺序的可能性;通过弹底窝痕迹、击针头痕迹的细节特征比对,可以实现射击枪支的同一认定.     

猎枪弹壳击针孔内突起痕成因的探讨

自1997年以来,我市持猎枪犯罪案件时有发生,给社会造成极坏的影响。为了更及时有效地打击此类犯罪,笔者收集现场提取到猎枪弹壳的猎枪案件112起,现场猎枪弹壳200余枚,对猎枪弹壳的痕迹进行了分析研究,发现:无论是现场提取的猎枪弹壳,还是制作的弹壳样本,在弹壳的击针痕内时常会出现一个小突起。为了证明这个小突起的形成原因、出现几率以及是否是稳定的特征,笔者做了以下实验,报告如下。1原理根据力学原理,猎枪弹壳底部击针痕是击针头撞击底火帽正面形成,而击针痕内的小突起也必然是底火帽背面受到外力作用形成。这个外力可能是来自于两个方…     

改制汽枪发射手枪弹射击痕迹检验浅析

当前,利用非军用枪支作案日趋增多.1998年8月我区某县张某某被枪杀,现场提取7.62mm“五一”式手枪普通弹弹壳、弹头各一枚,从嫌疑人家中搜取已经改制过的“侧压杆”式汽步枪一支.送检弹壳为7.62mm“五一”式手枪普通钢质弹壳.长23.5mm,壳底直径9.95mm,壳口直径8.5mm,无壳肩.在显微镜下观察,击针痕底呈圆平状,直径2.3mm,深1.5mm,壳底座有较     

从枪弹痕迹识别非制式枪支

区分发射枪支为制式枪支与非制式枪支是枪弹痕迹检验鉴定的第一道工序。对于一些制造粗糙的非制式枪支,其发射的弹头、弹壳上的痕迹特征属性很明显,容易与制式枪支相区别。但对于一些加工很好的非制式枪支,特别是那些用制式的零部件组装的枪支,仅凭单个痕迹就很难与制式枪支相区分。本文就此问题作如下讨论。1　制式枪支的痕迹特征制式枪支的生产、加工都有严格的标准,各个零部件的数据要求精确到0 .0 1mm ,其表面光洁度更有特殊的工艺要求,所以制式枪支发射的弹壳痕迹都很规则,基本上能反映出造痕客体的形状大小和加工特征。对于有一定磨损…     

玩具仿真手枪的射击特点

从近期几起涉枪案件中发现的仿真枪支,有些在使用前稍经改制和加工、有些竟然在买到手以后可以直接装填子弹进行射击。一、玩具仿真手枪的结构性能□仿五四式手枪该枪外观上与真枪形状相似,尺寸略小,枪身由金属材料制成,一般由底座把、枪管、发射机构组成。所用子弹为经过改制的5.6mm小口径运动枪弹,由于受抛壳口长度的限制,未经改制的子弹尺寸较长,无法通过抛壳口塞入枪管末端。使用8发经改制的5.6mm小口径运动枪弹进行实验射击,全部射击正常。实验结果表明该枪结构虽十分简陋,但其性能却具有一定的可靠性。射击后弹壳表面烟垢较多,击针痕呈扁圆状凹陷,位于弹壳底部边缘与中心之间。射击弹头一般都会产生不同程度的形变,并且有明显的擦碰痕迹,这是由于弹头在出枪口之前与枪管     

Performance Evaluation of a Registered Ballistic Database Using the Evofinder® System

Firearms for police in China are registered along with their fired bullets and cartridge cases. A Registered Ballistic Database (RBD) of 1000 Norinco QSZ‐92 pistols with registered ammunition was established and was evaluated through the Evofinder® system. In this research, 1000 bullets and 1000 cartridge cases were randomly selected and correlated against an RBD of 2996 bullets and 2999 cartridge cases. Examiners found that successful identifications all ranked 1st, supported with land (100%), groove (97%) engraved areas, and primary marks (85.6%) for bullets, and firing pin impressions (99.8%), and breech face marks (99.9%) for cartridge cases. Two known matches (KM) for the same pistol rank in the top two (100%). The distribution of similarity scores varies from marks; however, the Evofinder® system could still effectively distinguish known matches from known nonmatches (KNM) for either bullets or cartridge cases. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the RBD.     

Classification of firing pin impressions using HOG-SVM

Crimes, such as robbery and murder, often involve firearms. In order to assist with the investigation into the crime, firearm examiners are asked to determine whether cartridge cases found at a crime scene had been fired from a suspect's firearm. This examination is based on a comparison of the marks left on the surfaces of cartridge cases. Firing pin impressions can be one of the most commonly used of these marks. In this study, a total of nine Ruger model 10/22 semiautomatic rifles were used. Fifty cartridges were fired from each rifle. The cartridge cases were collected, and each firing pin impression was then cast and photographed using a comparison microscope. In this paper, we will describe how one may use a computer vision algorithm, the Histogram of Orientated Gradient (HOG), and a machine learning method, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), to classify images of firing pin impressions. Our method achieved a reasonably high accuracy at 93%. This can be used to associate a firearm with a cartridge case recovered from a scene. We also compared our method with other feature extraction algorithms. The comparison results showed that the HOG-SVM method had the highest performance in this classification task.     

Reference ballistic imaging database performance

Ballistic imaging databases allow law enforcement to link recovered cartridge cases to other crime scenes and to firearms. The success of these databases has led many to propose that all firearms in circulation be entered into a reference ballistic image database (RBID). To assess the performance of an RBID, we fired 4200 cartridge cases from 600 9 mm Para Sig Sauer model P226 series pistols. Each pistol fired two Remington cartridges, one of which was imaged in the RBID, and five additional cartridges, consisting of Federal, Speer, Winchester, Wolf, and CCI brands. Randomly selected samples from the second series of Remington cartridge cases and from the five additional brands were then correlated against the RBID. Of the 32 cartridges of the same make correlated against the RBID, 72% ranked in the top 10 positions. Likewise, of the 160 cartridges of the five different brands correlated against the database, 21% ranked in the top 10 positions. Generally, the ranking position increased as the size of the RBID increased. We obtained similar results when we expanded the RBID to include firearms with the same class characteristics for breech face marks, firing pin impressions, and extractor marks. The results of our six queries against the RBID indicate that a reference ballistics image database of new guns is currently fraught with too many difficulties to be an effective and efficient law enforcement tool.     

Reference ballistic imaging database performance

Ballistic imaging databases allow law enforcement to link recovered cartridge cases to other crime scenes and to firearms. The success of these databases has led many to propose that all firearms in circulation be entered into a reference ballistic image database (RBID). To assess the performance of an RBID, we fired 4200 cartridge cases from 600 9mm Para Sig Sauer model P226 series pistols. Each pistol fired two Remington cartridges, one of which was imaged in the RBID, and five additional cartridges, consisting of Federal, Speer, Winchester, Wolf, and CCI brands. Randomly selected samples from the second series of Remington cartridge cases and from the five additional brands were then correlated against the RBID. Of the 32 cartridges of the same make correlated against the RBID, 72% ranked in the top 10 positions. Likewise, of the 160 cartridges of the five different brands correlated against the database, 21% ranked in the top 10 positions. Generally, the ranking position increased as the size of the RBID increased. We obtained similar results when we expanded the RBID to include firearms with the same class characteristics for breech face marks, firing pin impressions, and extractor marks. The results of our six queries against the RBID indicate that a reference ballistics image database of new guns is currently fraught with too many difficulties to be an effective and efficient law enforcement tool.     

Comparison of the Class and Individual Characteristics of Turkish 7.65 mm Browning/.32 Automatic Caliber Self‐Loading Pistols with Consecutive Serial Numbers

Abstract: Firearms identification is based on the fundamental principle that it is impossible to manufacture two identical items at the microscopic level. As firearm manufacturing technologies and quality assurance are improving, it is necessary to continually challenge this principle. In this study, two different makes of 7.65 mm Browning/.32 Automatic caliber self‐loading pistols of Turkish manufacture were selected and examined. Ten pistols with consecutive serial numbers were examined and each fired 10 times. The fired cartridge cases were recovered for comparison purposes. It was found that for each make of pistol, the individual characteristics within the firing pin impression, ejector, and breech face marks of all 10 pistols were found to be significantly different.     

几种新型手枪射击弹壳上痕迹特征浅析

为了适应新形势下枪弹检验工作的需要,我中心枪弹处于1997、1998年分别购置了一批新型枪支.其中有13种配用9mm×19mm巴拉贝鲁姆手枪弹的新型手枪,它们分别是213型9毫米手枪、213A型9毫米手枪、七七B型9毫米手枪、七七B2型9毫米手枪、NP20型9毫米手枪、NP22型9毫米手枪、NP28型9毫米手枪、NP38型9毫米手枪、201C型9毫米手枪和NZ75型9毫米手枪.为了让更多的同行了解这13种新型手枪发射子弹的弹壳上的主要痕迹特征,我们制作了一些样本.由于每种枪仅购置了一支,故本文所介绍的有些痕迹特征究竟属于种类特征,抑或是个别特征,还有待于作进一步的实验和研究.将13种枪支划分为5组分别进行论述:一组:213型、213A型;     

Automated detection of regions of interest in cartridge case images using deep learning

This paper explores a deep-learning approach to evaluate the position of circular delimiters in cartridge case images. These delimiters define two regions of interest (ROI), corresponding to the breech face and the firing pin impressions, and are placed manually or by an image-processing algorithm. This positioning bears a significant impact on the performance of the image-matching algorithms for firearm identification, and an automated evaluation method would be beneficial to any computerized system. Our contribution consists in optimizing and training U-Net segmentation models from digital images of cartridge cases, intending to locate ROIs automatically. For the experiments, we used high-resolution 2D images from 1195 samples of cartridge cases fired by different 9MM firearms. Our results show that the segmentation models, trained on augmented data sets, exhibit a performance of 95.6% IoU (Intersection over Union) and 99.3% DC (Dice Coefficient) with a loss of 0.014 for the breech face images; and a performance of 95.9% IoU and 99.5% DC with a loss of 0.011 for the firing pin images. We observed that the natural shapes of predicted circles reduce the performance of segmentation models compared with perfect circles on ground truth masks suggesting that our method provide a more accurate segmentation of the real ROI shape. In practice, we believe that these results could be useful for firearms identification. In future work, the predictions may be used to evaluate the quality of delimiters on specimens in a database, or they could determine the region of interest on a cartridge case image.     

Automated region segmentation on cartridge case base

One of the significant problems encountered in criminology studies is the successful automated matching of fired cartridge cases, on the basis of the characteristic marks left on them by firearms. An intermediate step in the solution of this problem is the segmentation of certain regions that are defined on the cartridge case base. This paper describes a model-based method that performs segmentation of the cartridge case using surface height image of a center fire cartridge case base. The proposed method detects the location of the cartridge case base center and specific circular contours around it iteratively by projecting the problem to a one-dimensional feature space. In addition, the firing pin impression region is determined by utilizing an adaptive threshold that differentiates impression marks form primer region surface. Letters on the cartridge case base are also detected by using surface modeling and adaptive thresholding, in order to render the surface comparison operation robust against irrelevant surface features. Promising experimental results indicate the eligibility of the proposed method to be used for automated cartridge case base region segmentation process.     

The effect of electrostatic fingerprint visualization on integrated ballistic identification systems

Visualization of fingerprint corrosion on spent brass cartridge cases by the application of a high electrical potential and conducting carbon powder is becoming an accepted method of fingerprint enhancement. However, to date, no examination has been made of any effect this technique has on ballistic identification. To resolve this, images of the breech face and firing pin marks were captured on six plated nickel and six brass primer cup spent cartridge cases. Three nickel and three brass cases were then subjected to the application of a potential of +2500 V for a period of 1 min. The remaining cases were additionally subjected to the application of carbon powder. These latter cases were then washed to remove all traces of powder. Each case was recaptured with the same ballistic identification apparatus and imaging procedure. None of the twelve cases showed any visual difference after the application of the potential or conducting powder.