国家治理现代化与政策范式转型

实践层面的政策范式常常被理解为一种稳定的和能够识别的政策模式或政策风格,包括政策问题、政策主体、政策价值和政策工具等构成要件。党的十八届三中全会提出的国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,不仅涉及到具体政策和基本政策的改变,亦是对我国元政策的一次重塑,具有丰富的政策内涵。国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的推进,将带来我国公共政策范式的转型。     

基于社会资本解释范式的刑事政策研究

社会资本理论为刑事政策研究提供了新的解释范式,有着重要的方法论意义。社会资本是资本的一种表现形式,是一种嵌入在社会网络中的资源。社会资本与刑事政策之间存在着密切关系:宏观而言,社会资本存量与控制犯罪效果成正比;微观而论,不同形式的社会资本对犯罪生成会产生不同的影响,进而影响到相应的刑事政策。因此,从社会资本角度来反思和发展我国现行刑事政策有着重要的理论和实践价值。     

农民工子弟学校合理性分析及政策建议

农民工子弟学校是在政府无法有效提供公共服务的情况下社会自发进行的救济行动,它从诞生之日起便面临着合理性质疑。政府应当对农民工子弟学校进行规范和管理,形成"政府主导,社会合作"的复合政策格局。     

公民权视域下农民工权益保护的社会政策支持

农民工是中国城市中一个特殊的社会群体,由于目前中国社会制度与政策的因素,他们在城市中不能与城市居民享有同等的政治、经济及社会权利,是典型的弱势群体.从公民权视角提出农民工权益保护的社会政策支持,有利于从根本上实现农民工的城市融入,消除社会排斥.维护农民工的公民权,就必须建立城乡统一的户籍管理制度、城乡平等的劳动就业政策、分类分层的劳动社会保障政策、农民工子女教育政策和住房保障政策.     

宽严相济刑事政策在农民工犯罪中的运用

在和谐社会的进程中,作为城市中特殊群体的农民工的犯罪问题日益突出。本文拟以宽严相济刑事政策在农民工犯罪中的运用为视角,研究农民工的犯罪现状、完善相关制度、确立具体可行的措施,以期对农民工犯罪进行有效的预防和治理。     

农民工住房保障问题研究

为了逐步改善解决农民工住房条件,在中央宏观政策的指导下,各地政府因地制宜在实践中做出了有益探索。本文通过盘点我国各地的农民工住房保障政策和实践,对农民工的住房保障问题进行思考,提出了有关完善农民工住房倦障的对策。     

论农民工子女义务教育政策有效执行的路径选择

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快和"民工潮"的涌现,农民工子女接受义务教育的问题日益突出,尽管国家已经出台了很多相关政策来保障农民工子女接受教育的权利,但从实际执行情况来看,效果并不明显.我们认为,有效推进农民工子女的义务教育政策的实际执行效果有以下一些主要的现实路径:完善教育政策,提高政策的权威性和严密性;明确政府职责,建立权力分配体制;消除城乡差别,开发新的教育资源;实现制度创新,消除执行中的梗塞;采用各种资金筹措手段,保证农民工子女教育资金的落实,让农民工子女从此可以沐浴"教育公平"的阳光.     

襄垣县落实农民工培训政策

2009年,山西省襄垣县财政局按照“培训、就业、维权”的总体要求,坚持以人为本、科学发展,认真落实农民工培训政策,加大农村富余劳动力补贴性培训资金投入,多措并举,使襄垣县农村富余劳动力得到了平等、稳定就业机会。截至目前,全县共有1020名农民工享受到职业培训补贴,累计支出农民工技能培训补贴金20万元。     

政策参与者、政策制定与流动人口医疗卫生状况的改善:政策网络的路径

大规模的国内人口流动,已经使得流动人口医疗卫生问题成为中国的重大政策议题。众多政策参与者关注流动人口医疗卫生政策发展,但是下列问题仍有待探讨:谁是主要的政策参与者,他们发挥着什么样的作用?政策参与者彼此之间怎样互动,他们将会如何增进合作以改善流动人口的医疗卫生状况?论文旨在辨识主要的政策参与者并探讨他们在流动人口医疗卫生政策发展过程中的作用。论文基于政策网络的研究路径,发现流动人口医疗卫生福利的边缘化源于政治结构和特定制度安排所致的封闭政策网络。有鉴于此,我们认为,建立一个包容性的政策网络,可以克服主要的制度障碍,从而更好地满足流动人口的医疗卫生需要。     

新中国新闻文体70年：“范式”的共生与交融

新闻文体是新闻报道的结构方式与话语体式,其嬗变背后包孕着记者新闻实践的逻辑以及整个新闻业的观念变迁。新闻文体范式是不同性质新闻文体规范的提炼与表征,着眼于怎么写,强调跳脱具体的新闻文本,观照文体形态以及技巧背后的文体观念。结合新闻文体发展的内在理路和外在形态,1949年以来的新闻文体发展史依循新闻与政治、文学(文化)的互动关系,也契合新闻文体内生逻辑的自洽性,其实质是宣传范式、文学范式与专业范式三种文体范式相互勾连、交织与融通,彼此借鉴、吸纳与改造的过程。三大范式并非完全按照时间线索渐次出现,也不是简单迭代关系,相反,它们有时会共生于同一阶段,有时会共存在于一家媒体之中,有时甚至会出现在同一篇新闻文本之中。     

农民工进城就业安居法治环境研究

统筹城乡发展，解决农民工问题是关键。本文通过对农民工进城就业安居情况的调查和研究，分析了农民工进城就业安居中存在的问题，指出了农民工进城就业安居中的各种制度障碍，提出了破解这些制度障碍、构建农民工进城就业安居法治环境的建议，希望对促进农民工进城就业安居和统筹城乡发展的理论研究与实践有所裨益。     

Value of DNA tests: a decision perspective

ABSTRACT: Before a Court of Law testifying in DNA‐evidence cases, scientists are often challenged with the idea that the more markers (loci) the better, i.e., why does the scientist not use 16 or more markers? This paper introduces a new perspective, decision analysis, to deal with the problem of the number of markers to type in a criminal context. The decision‐making process, which plays a key role in the routine work of a forensic scientist, consists of the rational choice, given personal objectives, between two or more possible outcomes when the consequences of the choice are uncertain. Simulated results support the hypothesis that analytical added value does not increase with the number of markers.     

The public health implications of United Kingdom offender healthcare policy: a holistic approach to achieve individual and societal gains

In 2009, two seminal documents were published by the United Kingdom (UK) government concerning healthcare services for offenders. The Bradley review into diversion for people with mental health problems and learning disabilities emphasised a need to improve offender health, not least because of the high economic costs to society as a whole resulting from unresolved mental illness, physical ill-health and substance abuse problems commonly experienced by offenders. The Bradley review made wide-reaching recommendations for change, requiring strong partnership between health and justice agencies at both central government and local levels. A framework for the delivery of Bradley's recommendations has been set out in Improving health, supporting justice, the Department of Health's offender health strategy which sets out the direction of travel for the next 10 years.This paper discusses the reality of working toward improving health services for this marginalised group in the context of the influence of the current straitened financial climate on the allocation of resources to publically funded healthcare in the UK; it examines the historically based, and widely held, belief in the principle of “less eligibility” within our society, whereby there is much public and media resistance to allocating resources to improving care for offenders when other, more “deserving”, groups are perceived to be in continuing need.     

美国2011年专利法第一案Myriad案评——人类基因可专利性的再思考

Myriad公司从人体DNA中分离的两种基因片断(BRCA1,BRCA2)获得了专利。美国分子病理协会等提起诉讼,宣称人类基因不是可专利性客体,该专利无效。上诉法院判定该基因片断是合法的专利客体,但该判决与最高法院的先例并不完全吻合。在成文法及司法先例对基因类专利都没有明确规定的情况下,公共政策的分析是更适当的切入角度。从政策性角度分析,否认人类基因的可专利性是对社会最有利的政策。专利制度是工具,不是目的。加拿大的有益实践启示我国也应坚持否认人类基因类专利的政策。     

“哀其不幸,怒其不争”新读——以农民工媒介形象为例

媒介歧视现象破坏了媒体客观、公正的报道原则,给大众造成了认知上的混乱。农民工的产生为社会提供了大量的媒介资源和新闻源。大众传媒作为社会系统的一个子系统怎样应对值得深思:它既可以产生出以人文关怀为主的大众传媒的新语境,也可能由于某种利益的驱使,出现标签化、概念化污名化的现象。如何确立和保持人的尊严?如何寻找失落的自我?无论怎样,人的关怀都应是一个现代社会的基本品格。为了社会的安定和谐,为了全民素质的提高,亦为了利益最大化的实现,媒介有不可推卸的责任,我们应当对此作出理性选择。     

The highs and lows of working with sexual offenders: A New Zealand perspective

Abstract

The positive effects on clinicians responsible for the treatment of sexual offenders are little understood. The few available studies have focused upon the negative sequelae of this work. The current study of clinicians working therapeutically with sexual offenders at a community-based organization aimed for a more balanced picture of the effects of sex offender treatment provision. Using qualitative methods, both negative and positive aspects of this work emerged within three main themes: taking an optimistic perspective, working for community outcomes and supportive agency culture. Although the study revealed many challenges for therapists, these were found to be counterbalanced against rewards, affording a high degree of personal and professional fulfilment from working within this field.     

A review of domestic violence arrest statistics in a police department using a pro-arrest policy: Are pro-arrest policies enough?

This study examined domestic violence arrest statistics in a sheriff's department that does not utilize a community approach and provides little police training on domestic violence. In reviewing all domestic violence reports (n=1870) over a 12-month period, less than one-third (28.8%) of the domestic violence cases ended in arrest. Even the most serious charges (aggravated batteries) were more likely to end without an arrest (62.6%) than with an arrest (37.4%). Although results showed that more men were identified (88.4%) and arrested (91.6%) as batterers than women (11.6% and 8.4%, respectively), closer analyses revealed that arrested women were more often charged with more serious charges (60%) than arrested men (26.0%). Finally, gender and race data indicated that while four-fifths (84.6%) of black females were arrested on felony charges, less than one-fifth (19.5%) of white males were arrested on the same charge. These findings demonstrate a need for further research on factors that may affect pro-arrest policy effectiveness.Forensic psychological resident in private practice in Miami and Fort Lauderdale, Florida.     

论互联网平台反垄断的宏观定位——基于政治、政策和法律的分析

反垄断法的定位取决于其独特的价值、目标和功能。反垄断法自始即具有重大的政治经济使命,可以成为有着宏大价值目标和强大经济调整功能的"超级法"。互联网产业在资本、技术和商业模式上的独特性,使平台易于触角广泛和无序扩张,具有反垄断的高关联度。互联网平台反垄断首先要在宏观价值上拓展思路和提高站位,又要积极寻求恰当的法律和经济的技术性路径。我国互联网平台反垄断不能轻言和盲从当今美欧的表面趋势,不汲汲于引领潮流和贡献经验,趋势之下可能掩盖着不同的利益诉求,而要一切服从和服务于我国数字经济的实质性发展利益,既要及时、积极和到位,又要适时、适度和谦抑,并始终以促进我国互联网产业创新发展和提升国际竞争力为目标。互联网平台反垄断应当坚持法治进路,构建相应的规则体系,并确保客观、中立和理性,防止非理性和情绪化。     

The exploitation of Business Register data from a public sector information and data protection perspective: A case study

Business Registers (BRs) are a very important information resource for investors, creditors, financial institutions and public authorities. The possibility to aggregate and interconnect these data at a European level could enhance the transparency of companies towards those actors and add a great deal of value to the raw Business Register data. The European BRITE project intended to provide adequate tools to meet these demands. BRITE will provide easier access and cross-border interoperability of Business Register data throughout Europe. On the other hand, the processing of BR data within the BRs and BRITE triggers several important European legislations such as the Data Protection Directive and the Directive on the re-use of public sector information. In this paper, the processing of BR data will be analysed from the perspective of both data protection and public sector information laws, analysing as well the relation between both regulations. Do these regulations strike an optimal balance between the interests of private data vendors to re-use BR data and enhance business transparency and the need to protect the personal data of natural persons?     

环境瑕疵担保责任论纲——作为EPR政策落实手段的视角

瑕疵担保责任适用范围的渐趋拓展为其适用于环境领域提供了可能。我国的环境问题日益凸显,而相应的一些环境政策却无法得以具体落实,其中的EPR政策即为明证。基于此,文章重点对作为EPR政策私法落实手段的环境瑕疵担保责任进行了理论上的建构,明确了环境瑕疵担保责任与侵权法的关系,并依次从环境瑕疵担保责任的权利义务主体、客体、性质、内容、实现等方面加以详细分析。