略论行政判决的执行主体

行政判决的执行主体是指有权对拒不履行行政判决的当事人采取执行措施,以保证判决得以履行的国家机关。根据我国行政诉讼法的规定,行政判决的执行主体不仅包括人民法院,而且包括行政机关。但行政机关要想名符其实地成为判决执行主体,我们认为必须具备以下三个条件: (1)作为被告的行政机关只有在原告根据判决负有义务而拒不履行的情况下才能对原告(行政管理中     

浅谈对经济法的认识——从反不正当竞争法看"国家"的主体地位

经济法的本质属性和核心问题就是国家运用法律手段通过对国民经济活动的宏观调控,组织和管理来促进生产力的发展,繁荣经济,提高人民物质文化生活,而这些宏观调控活动以及国民经济的全部管理活动,是通过各类的国家经济管理机关根据国民经济和社会发展计划的指导性来安排依法行使政府机构的经济职权,属于经济职责,通过各类的经济执法活动来经济进行的,所以,政府经济管理机关在整个国民经济管理活动中占有十分重要的地位。     

初论国民经济管理时效

在传统的法律制度和法学理论上,有法律文件时效、民法上的取得时效、刑法上的追诉时效、民法(以及经济法)上的诉讼时效(消灭时效)等时效制度。我们知道,一定的法律制度是适应调整一定的社会关系的需要而定立的。适应以公有制为主体的社会主义经济关系的建立和有计划的商品经济关系的形成,在我国经济法已成为一个新兴的独立的法律部门,由于经济法调整对象的特殊性,以及社会主义国家及其国民经济管理机关享有国民经济管理权,相应地在法律规定上和实践中出现了不同于上述任何时效制度的国民经济管理时效法律制度。国民经济管理时效,是指由法律、行政法规和规章规定的,企业     

论经济违法行为法律责任的特征

经济法具有规范性和强制性的特征,它规定了经济法主体在经济活动中可以作、不可以作和必须作的行为规范,以及违反这些行为规范应承担的法律责任;它规定了经济法主体成具有的权限和责任,以及应履行的经济义务,贯彻责、权、利相结合的经济责任制原则。经济法主体如果不承担国家规定的经济责任,不履行法定经济义务,滥用经济权限,牟取非法经济利益,损害国家、集体和个人的经济利益,破坏社会主义经济秩序,就应承担经济法规定的责任。     

浅析我国经济法制建设中坚持经济法的基本原则

学界对何谓经济法的基本原则尚存争议,本文认为经济法的基本原则为“国家协调经济运行”以及“保护社会整体利益”两项.在社会主义市场经济法制建设中应严格遵守经济法的基本原则,一方面,国家可以按照经济发展的客观规律对市场进行宏观调控,促进经济的协调发展.另一方面也可以最大程度的满足各方的利益需求,平衡社会各阶层利益,保障国民经济健康快速的发展.具体而言,应从经济管理主体的创新、加大对弱势群体的保护、大力发展培育社会中间层主体等几个方面坚持经济法的基本原则.     

国家行政工作人员奖惩的作用和原则

一、依法对国家行政工作人员适用奖惩措施有以下作用: 1.有利于克服官僚主义提高行政效率.国家行政机关的效率是决定国家兴衰的重要因素.而官僚主义现象是提高行政管理效率的极大障碍.官僚主义者必然是:“办事拖拉,不负责任,公文旅行,互相推诿,专横跋扈等等.对官僚主义作风严重的行政人员予以惩处,能有效地增强广大行政工作人员的职业责任和职业纪律,切实履行其职责,从而提高行政机关的工作效率和管理效能,加快我国经济建设的发展.     

行政公益诉讼履行判决研究

履行判决在行政公益诉讼案件中是富有生机的判决形式,当前行政公益诉讼履行判决的相关规定较为概括。通过对司法实践中典型案例的梳理与剖析可知,履行判决的适用情形和内容存在一定争议。前者的关键是对行政机关"不履行"、"法定职责"的认定;后者的核心是法院在"如何履行"的内容限定上享有多大权力。对这些问题的反思必须回归到客观诉讼视野中,行政公益诉讼履行判决的适用不能完全等同于一般行政诉讼的履行判决,应当凸显监督行政机关依法行政和保护公共利益这两项客观诉讼目的。     

对我国经济行业法律规范的法理分析

经济行业法律规范数量庞杂,在国民经济和社会生活中发挥着不可替代的作用。但是目前存在着不少问题,包括没有明确其在法律体系中的地位。在市场经济法律体系不断完善的过程中,对经济行业法律规范的研究显得格外重要。对经济行业法律规范的深入探讨,将极大地拓宽经济法、商法的研究领域,推动行政管理机关科学立法执法,促进高校法学教育质量的提高,有利于我国国民经济的健康发展。     

论苏维埃经济法

一、经济法作为法律部门的独立性苏联创立了广泛的经济立法,它全面调整社会主义经济中形成的关系,规定国家经济机关的组织和活动问题.它规定国家经济管理机关的法律地位(关于国民经济委员会、经济部、国家委员会的规则),国家的社会主义企业和经济组织的法律地位(托拉斯条例、区拖拉机站条例;关于扩大企业经理权限的决议.)管理经济活动的程序规定在关于计划化、国民经济的物质技术供给、经济合同、国民经济中的信贷、结算和银行监督的规范法令中.为     

经济法律责任独立性探讨

对法律责任划分标准的正确理解,是认识经济法律责任独立存在的前提条件。经济法律责任是以法律责任的部 门法性质为标准对法律责任进行分类的结果,且经济法律责任具有其独特性。独立的经济法律责任体制有利于 责权利效相统一原则的实现;更能体现经济法的"社会本位"性;充分发挥经济法作为独立部门法的作用;促进经 济法主体守法和执法。构建时,必须遵循经济法自身体系要求,体现经济法律责任自身特色,形式上可以与其他 部门法形式相交叉,可通过经济法中的民事责任、经济法中的行政责任、经济法中的刑事责任、经济法中的经济责 任的方式来实现。     

Innovation-related data in bureau of economic analysis international economic surveys

This paper describes innovation-related data available from international economic surveys conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. These data are collected in conjunction with the international transactions accounts of the United States and in surveys of the operations of multinational companies (MNCs). The paper focuses on five innovation-related series: receipts and payments of royalties and license fees; exports and imports of research, development, and testing services; sales of services by foreign affiliates classified in the research and development services industry; MNC R&D spending; and MNC R&D employment.

The contributions of economic factors to female involvement in economic crime

Recent assessments of the causes of female criminality have been praised as signaling a turning away from the unfounded, sexist explanations of the past. However, new interpretations of the causes of female crime are not more likely to be rooted in empirical data than the explanations that focused solely on female biology. This paper examines new trends in the explanation of female economic crime as well as empirical data on the motivations and attributes of femole, economic offenders and suggests direction for future research.     

Understanding economic abuse in the lives of survivors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) often includes economic abuse as one tactic commonly used by an abuser; unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical understanding of economic abuse. Additionally, research is limited on the predictors of economic self-sufficiency in the lives of women experiencing IPV. This paper furthers our knowledge about economic abuse and its relationship with economic self-sufficiency by presenting the results from an exploratory study with IPV survivors participating in a financial literacy program. Of the 120 individuals who participated in the first wave, 94% experienced some form of economic abuse, which also correlated highly with other forms of IPV. Seventy-nine percent experienced some form of economic control, 79% experienced economic exploitative behaviors, and 78% experienced employment sabotage. MANOVA results also indicated that economic control differed significantly based on education with those with a high school education experiencing higher rates than those with less than high school education or those with some college. Finally, results from the OLS regressions indicated that experiencing any form of economic abuse as well as economic control significantly predicted a decrease in economic self sufficiency. Implications suggest that advocates should assess for economic abuse when working with survivors and should be prepared to offer financial tools to increase survivors' economic self-sufficiency. Policymakers should understand the ramifications of economic abuse and create policies that support survivors and prohibit economic abuse. Finally, more research is needed to fully understand economic abuse and its impact on survivors and their economic self-sufficiency.     

The policy origins of the European economic constitution

This article traces the origins of the European economic constitution in the debate on Article 30 of the EC Treaty (general rule on the free movement of goods) between 1966 and 1969, which resulted in Directive 70/50. In this, the first archive‐based analysis of the policy origins of the Court's Dassonville (1974) decision, the article demonstrates that there was a strong continuity in the investment by a number of key actors in focusing on Article 30 to create the single market from the mid‐1960s. These civil servants and lawyers provided the backbone for the Commission's transformation of the Cassis de Dijon judgment (1979) into a powerful tool, driving back the need for legislative harmonisation and making it a cornerstone of the Single European Act of 1986. The article therefore analyses one of the key moments in the transformation of European law.     

2001年国际经济法学研究的回顾与展望

新世纪的第一年,伴随着中国人世和经济全球化进程的加快,调整国际经济关系的各种法律规范,包括调整平等当事人之间关系、国家与外国国民之间关系、以及国家之间关系的法律规范不断增加,并且在逐步地协调和统一.今年我国学者对国际经法法研究的特点是以中国入世为中心,运用理论与实践相结合的方法,对国际经济法的热点问题进行了比较深入的研究.2001年4月和11月分别在武汉大学和复旦大学召开的国际法年会和国际经济法年会上所受到的200多篇论文中,绝大多数均涉及世界贸易组织法的研究.现将今年研究的热点问题综述如下.     

An economic theory of the regulation of preliminary measures

Preliminary measures adopted early in litigation are crucial for plaintiffs, given existing court delays and changing economic environment, but can also harm a blameless defendant. Therefore, some form of regulation is needed to minimize the harms that can result and discard non-optimal measures. Law and economic scholars have suggested that courts should control requests for preliminary measures, but this form of regulation fails to explain existing legislations, both in civil law and common law countries. This article argues that non-optimal preliminary measures can be more efficiently filtered through a strict liability regime, and that their judicial control should be residual.     

民事纠纷与经济犯罪交织现象的分析

随着经济的发展和新刑法的实施，经济犯罪数量增加，刑法调整和保护经济关系的力度加大，经济领域的犯罪化程度比过去大为增强。随之而来的问题是违法与犯罪，特别是民事纠纷与经济犯罪交织的现象日益突出，正确界定二者并适用相应法律予以调整的问题日益成为审判实践中的一个棘手而重大的课题。本文试图从目前司法实践中民事纠纷与经济犯罪交织的现状人手，对正确区分二者提供一些理性思考。…….