传统儒家德刑关系理论的传承和嬗变--论朱熹德刑关系理论

朱熹把道德伦理作为法的本体,把"刑"作为"德、礼、政"循环运动中承先启后的关键环节,而把严刑作为实现"德"的重要保障.朱熹的德刑理论既承袭了传统儒家的重德传统,赋予道德以绝对的、神圣不可动摇的主体地位,又对儒家的"轻刑"传统作了修正,实现了从德主刑辅向德刑并重,从重德轻刑向重德严刑的转变.朱熹的修正实现了传统儒学法理念的嬗变,适应了时代的需要,对后世产生了重要影响.     

论基于继承的物权变动——兼析物权法第二十九条、第三十一条的理解和适用

基于继承的物权变动属于基于非法律行为之物权变动,基于继承的物权变动不需要公示,在继承的事实条件成就时直接生效。物权的使用和收益以取得对物的占有为前提,法律要保护继承人取得对遗产中物的占有。在公示要件主义的立法模式下,通过合同法律行为处分不动产物权,未经登记不发生物权效力。     

营业自由权隐性入显性的路径设计——从法律对经济回应的视角

营业自由权是民事主体实现财富增值和提高个体生活质量的一种应然性源权利,是民事主体财产自由权在营业领域的展开和扩张,是民事主体不可剥夺的权利。然而,我国法律仅关注了民事主体营业活动和营业成果的保护,对产生和获取实然财产结果的源权利与基础性权利——＂营业自由权＂则没有予以应有的重视,致使营业自由权在具体法律制度中处于隐性且极易受到侵害的地位。如何将营业自由权由隐性入显性,这就需要一个良好的制度路径设计。     

论慎刑理念对古代司法运行机制的影响

慎刑理念作为中国传统司法文化的重要组成部分,是传统司法文化中最能够代表主流司法理念的内容。所谓“慎刑”就是主张在适用法律、实施刑罚时应该审慎、宽缓,无论立法、司法都必须崇德,施用刑罚要慎重从事。儒家秉持的人本主义,“仁政”理念,为政以德和“执中致和”等思想是慎刑理念发展延续的理论基础。慎刑理念主要在司法机构设置、司法官吏的执法要求和违法责任的追究、司法审判方式和原则、诉讼审判程序等方面对古代司法制度的设计与运行产生了十分重要的影响。研究这种理念、制度的发生和存在的意义在于不仅可以加深我们对中国传统司法文化特征及其历史价值的认识,而且对于我们如何在当代的社会主流文化中创新与时代发展相适应的司法理念和司法制度,具有启示意义。     

剥夺政治权利的并罚适用问题

数个剥夺政治权利实行并罚时 ,应适用限制加重原则 ,在数个宣告刑期的总和刑期以下 ,最高刑期以上决定应执行的刑期 ,但最高不能超过七年。数主刑中 ,有的附加剥夺政治权利有的未附加时 ,并罚问题的各种既有见解均各有其利弊 ;实际上 ,有期徒刑、拘役执行期间 ,罪犯不应享有政治权利 ,在这一认识基础上 ,剥夺政治权利的并罚问题就可以迎刃而解。另外 ,剥夺政治权利与罚金、没收财产的并罚 ,应适用并科原则实行并罚。     

禁止体罚儿童的国际法律规定与国内法律实施——以家庭内体罚儿童为视角

普遍存在的体罚儿童现象随着国际社会对儿童权利的关注逐渐进入人们的视野,特别是家庭内部的儿童体罚问题也开始受到关注。近年来,禁止一切形式的儿童体罚的观念逐渐被越来越多的国家所接受。探析儿童体罚问题的原因和危害,从国际人权文件和我国国内法律体系中寻找家庭内部禁止体罚儿童的依据,以类型化分析的方法比较世界各国保护儿童的立法例及其进展,借鉴外国禁止体罚的立法实践,针对我国在禁止家庭内体罚儿童中存在的种种问题,提出若干改进方向,以求尽快达到禁止体罚儿童的国际人权法律标准、不断改善国内儿童权利保护状况十分必要。     

“亲情会见”之利弊谈

在当代,保障人权已日益成为与惩罚犯罪相并行的刑事司法理念.在此背景下,我国刑事司法界采用了"亲情会见"制度,以彰显刑罚之人性化."亲情会见"在实践中带来了意想不到的效果,但其弊端亦不容忽视.故应及早进行规范,使之获得更好的社会效果.     

THE CORPORAL PUNISHMENT DEBATE IN CANADA

The controversial issue of corporal punishment of children is now before the Supreme Court of Canada. Whether or not Canada's highest court rules that the "reasonable chastisement" defense to charges of assault on children by parents and teachers is unconstitutional, it is likely that Parliament will move forward with reforms. Social science evidence on the negative effects of corporal punishment has been accepted by the federal government, and it seems likely that Canada will soon join the list of countries that prohibit the practice.     

刑罚执行监督基础理论探析

刑罚执行是刑事诉讼最后阶段,也是实现公平正义的最后保障.以实现刑罚的目的和保障犯罪人人权为基点,从执行监督的基本理论出发,阐述确立我国刑罚执行法律监督具体制度的必要性及其在法律体系中的地位,构架法律监督具体制度的指导思想、基本原则、内容和体系.     

罪刑法定原则与人权保障机制的完善

罪刑法定原则是人权保障价值偏一的选择,是商品经济及国家与社会二元化发展的结果,它的贯彻实施需要一系列人权制度作保证,要在人们心目中树立起罪刑法定的观念,需要极力张扬刑法人权保障的功能,建立一系列人权保障制度。     

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Punishment of Children Under English Law – Public and Private Vices?

The punishment of children in the domestic sphere and in the public domain is an issue of concern for those with care of children or whose interests lie in the protection of children’s human rights. How children are treated when they are judged to have broken rules reveals fundamental approaches to the welfare of those who have yet to reach adulthood. The effect of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in respect of how children are punished, whether in the home or as transgressors of criminal law, may be examined through two distinct but linked spheres: the private and home life context of domestic or personal punishment, and the public domain of state punishment of children in terms of criminal responsibility under English Law. Both spheres reveal attitudes towards the rights of children which suggest how human rights are accorded to particular groups in applying international obligations to a state’s domestic provision. This article seeks to explore some issues of compliance with Article 19 (the physical chastisement of children), Article 37 (the imprisonment of children being a ‚last resort’) and Article 40 (the minimum age of criminal responsibility) of the United Nations Convention on the␣Rights of the Child. The application of the rights of children and the operation of the ‚best interests’ of the child in applying Articles 19, 37 and 40 suggests that there are issues in relation to non-compliance which indicate a diminution of the separate rights of children under English Law in particular and in the operation of the best interests of the child. Penny Booth is a Reader in Law at Staffordshire University Law School.     

完善附加剥夺政治权利浅探

附加剥夺政治权利是我国刑法中一种特定的刑罚处罚方法。在列举、分析其与主刑在适用数罪并罚、缓刑、假释等刑罚制度时可能出现的种种不协调情形的基础上,对完善我国刑法的相关条款提出了一些建议。     

刑罚的正当性探究——从权利出发

刑罚权配置和运作的正当性,应从个体性权利出发进行分析和论证。刑罚的适用即意味着自然人或者单位重大权利的剥夺或者限制,而这类权利应否被剥夺或者限制以及在何种程度上被剥夺或者限制,应通过这类权利的性质来认识和分析。在犯罪设置、刑罚制度方面,都应从个体性权利视角来检验制度、规范和解释结论的正当性。     

Theorising Children's Rights in Youth Justice: The Significance of Autonomy and Foundational Rights

This paper develops a theoretical approach to children's rights in youth justice, located within a wider rights‐based theory of criminal justice which emphasises the centrality of citizens' autonomy. Understanding what is special about children's rights in the youth justice system requires an understanding of how children's autonomy differs from that of adults. One difference is that within the legal system children are not considered to be fully autonomous rights‐holders, because childhood is a time for gathering and developing the assets necessary for full autonomy. These assets should be protected by a category of ‘foundational’ rights. It is argued that an essential component of a rights‐based penal system for children is that it should not irreparably or permanently harm the child's foundational rights. The concept of foundational rights can then underpin and strengthen international children's rights standards, including those relating to the minimum age of criminal responsibility, differential sentencing for children and adults and a rights‐based system of resettlement provision.