南京指纹工作模式的“五个转变”

20世纪90年代中期开始，南京市公安局引进了计算机指纹自动识别系统，并在侦查破案中发挥了重要作用。2006年10月，在强化刑侦基础工作中，南京市公安局新理念，积极探索指纹工作发展的新思路，推行了“多级采集、二级检索、一级建库”的工作模式，对全市指纹系统升级换代，并在全市200多个基层办案单位安装了活体指纹采集终端，实现了指纹实时采集、实时比对、实时反馈，为打击各类违法犯罪提供了有力支持。各项指纹工作指标也呈现出良好的发展势头。     

浅谈活体指纹采集系统在实际工作中的运用及存在问题

目前,全国已有不少地方引进了活体指纹采集系统,用来捺印违法犯罪人员的指纹。活体指纹采集系统与传统油墨捺印方式相比,有许多优势,这方面已有不少文章述及,而且从理论层面上作出了深入分析,本文不再赘述。但对于活体指纹采集系统如何投入实际运用,以及在应用中存在的问题却鲜见论述。本文拟从实际运用的层面对这一课题展开初步的讨论并对存在共性问题提出解决方案,以供参考。1活体指纹采集系统在我市的使用状况及投入使用时应注意加强的工作我市于2003年下半年引进指纹采集仪,同时配备数码相机和汉王笔,分别用于人像拍摄和文字输入。经过…     

如何保证活体指纹采集的质量

当前，指纹自动识别系统在公安机关被广泛应用，而与其紧密相关的前期基础工作——活体指纹采集的质量好坏直接影响着后期提取特征及比对结果的准确性。切实提高活体指纹采集的质量对于指纹比对工作来讲是至关重要的。     

NFIQ 2.0用于指纹质量控制的可行性及方法

目的测试NFIQ 2.0标准计算指纹质量评分模块在活体采集和油墨捺印指纹质量控制上的可靠性,研究利用NFIQ 2.0指纹分值综合判断指纹质量的可行性和在实际工作中的使用方法。方法一是利用NFIQ 2.0模块接口程序结合VS2015 C#编程语言制作指纹质量评分软件。二是记录20张指纹图片放置在采集框上、下、左、右、中五个位置时NFIQ 2.0的分值,计算平均偏差、最大偏差和相对偏差。三是对在指纹数据库中随机选出的1334枚活体采集和油墨捺印指纹(8位灰度、500 dpi BMP格式指纹图片)进行评分,将得出的分值与通过人工检查该1334枚指纹在指纹系统中自动提取的特征所计算的特征准确率,形成线条图并制作拟合线,通过线条图和拟合线研究NFIQ 2.0分值与特征准确率之间存在的关系。结果从平均偏差、最大偏差和相对偏差分析,指纹图片放置位置对NFIQ 2.0分值的影响很小。利用线条图和拟合线进行统计时,NFIQ 2.0分值与特征准确率之间呈现出一定的对应关系,NFIQ 2.0分值高的指纹,系统自动提取的特征准确性相对较高,反之相对较低。并且,分值在41~100之间时,特征准确率稳定在80%以上。结论NFIQ 2.0标准计算指纹质量评分模块可以用于大批量活体采集和油墨捺印指纹的辅助质量检测,在实际工作中可将NFIQ 2.0模块嵌入活体采集软件和指纹系统档卡扫描中,设定合理的阈值,对提高指纹采集的质量检测效率和提升指纹采集质量将有较大帮助。     

华本国际专注3D活体指纹识别技术开发及应用

<正>2013安博会于深圳会展中心隆重举行,在为期四天的展会中,世界3D指纹先驱,广东华本电子科技有限公司向广大观众及客户展示了最新的技术及产品,受到广泛的关注,吸引了来自世界各地的客户前来咨询、洽谈。展会现场专设3D活体指纹体验区,让前来参观的客户亲身体验到了3D活体指纹技术与传统2D光学指纹技术的区别。华本3D活体指纹考勤机的原理是通过采用世界最顶级的精密电容采集芯片,配合世界最先进的指纹算法,利用电容传感器发出的电子信号,该电     

活体指纹采集方法应用初探

1 活体指纹采集方法是高科技的结晶指纹活体采集是集光、机、电及计算机技术于一体的高科技全新采集方法.用光电扫描或摄像技术直接采集人的指纹并存入计算机磁盘,该方法所采用的设备由专用扫描仪(或高分辨率高速线阵CCD摄像机),微机等构成.采用该设备可实时监测、控制被采集指纹,以获得高质量的指纹图像.活体指纹采集设备能方便、快捷、图文并茂地提取高保真,高清晰度的指纹图像,为有关部门建立指纹数据自动化提供了有利条件,符合现代化指纹信息系统的需要,被广泛应用于公安、保险、银行等多种行业,展示出广泛的应用前景.     

浅谈活体采集在指纹识别技术中的应用

活体指纹采集系统 ,能对人的指纹信息进行提取并转化成电子数据 ,然后这些数据可直接或通过网络上传 ,进行指纹自动识别。同通过传统的油墨捺印指纹输入相比 ,它不仅可提高指纹采集的质量 ,同时也减少了许多指纹采集和录入过程中的环节 ,节约了大量的人力和物力 ,方便了使用 ,提高了工作效率 ,为实现情报信息的全面网络化打下了坚实的基础。活体指纹采集仪根据用途主要分为三面捺印指纹采集仪和平面捺印指纹采集仪两种。三面捺印指纹采集仪采用滚动输入技术 ,指纹采集面大 ,信息全 ,一般用于建立指纹档案库的输入。平面捺印指纹采集仪一般输…     

活体指纹滚动采集系统

北大方正兴园电子有限公司正全力推出一项指纹采集领域的革命性产品——活体指纹滚动采集系统。该系统标志着活体指纹滚动采集技术大批量产品化取得成功。该产品的推出,将极大地提高指纹采集的图像质量与应用部门的工作效率。借助该系统可对人的指纹进行实时滚动三面采集。它完全脱离了传统的油墨捺印方法,只需将手指在采集仪的窗口上轻轻滚动,即可将指纹的三面图像直接存储到计算机里,从而实现“即捺即存”。它也能够将人口资料、照片和指纹信息一次性输入电脑,从而实现档案的系统性和广泛性。它将明显提高指纹采集的图像质量,从而提高办案效率,并为远程移动办案提供技术支持,实现信息资源的共享,使得指纹系统真正能够应用在公安办案的基层单位,进而从根本上推动了公安刑侦指纹管理及应用的全面飞跃。北大方正兴园电子有限公司的核心技术主要依托于北大视觉信息处理国家重点实验室,同时拥有方正研究院及5家研究所的     

综合运用多种方法提高指纹查询系统查中率

2006年以来，江苏省铜山县公安局先后投入50余万元，在县局刑警大队建立了与徐州市公安局指纹中心联网的指纹自动查询系统终端，在27个乡镇派出所和交巡警大队、刑警大队等实战单位，共建立了32个标准化信息采集室（除看守所以外全部配备了指纹活体采集仪），形成了以县局刑事科学技术室为主体，各信息采集室为支撑的刑事科学技术网络体系，实行了被审查人员指纹采集的每日通报制度，实现了嫌疑指纹的即时传送、实时比对。     

瑞安指纹活体采集自动识别系统运行情况及对策

1 情况概述 瑞安市公安局自1999年底建立指纹自动识别系统以来，通过该系统直接认定犯罪嫌疑人1，467人，直接认定案件2，693起。其中2001年为284人案件507起；2002年315人案件649起；2003年281人案件431起；2004年295人案件488起；2005年292人案件618起。并在成功侦破数起凶杀案件中起到了关键性的技术突破作用，凸现科技破案之重要地位。为了进一步提高案犯归案率，于2003年建立北大高科的指纹活体采集自动识别系统，同年10月指纹活体采集自动识别系统安装完毕并开始投入运行，局指纹中心设主服务器、通讯服务器各1台、比对终端8台，面上设20个采集点，     

对尸体指纹种类认定依据的研究

指纹状态属性的认定是当前指纹鉴定工作的一个新课题。指纹鉴定中的押名指印一般情况下都是押名人生前主动捺印形成的,但在实践中有时会出现作案人为了扰乱侦查视线、逃避惩罚或获取某种利益,而利用尸体指纹捺印伪造死者生前的押名指印的情况,因此对尸体指纹种类认定的研究将有助于侦查破案或对事实的确认。早期尸体现象是尸体指纹具备区别于活体指纹的特定性和相对稳定性的关键,再加上指纹本身所具有的反映性,这＂三性＂共同构成了尸体指纹种类认定的科学基础,为判定尸体指纹提供了理论依据。对于尸体指纹的研究,一方面须得益于尸体指纹捺印外观特征规律的深入总结,而另一方面也需要将微观层面的尸体指纹汗孔特征作为研究的切入点。总之,研究的最终目的就是提高尸体指纹种类认定的科学可靠性,进而使这一认定结论能作为一种科学的鉴定意见在诉讼中运用。     

Risk evaluation for spoofing against a sensor supplied with liveness detection

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the risks associated with the use of fake fingerprints on a livescan supplied with a method of liveness detection. The method is based on optical properties of the skin. The sensor uses several polarizations and illuminations to capture the information of the different layers of the human skin. These experiments also allow for the determination under which conditions the system is deceived and if there is an influence respectively of the nature of the fake, the mould used for the production or the individuals involved in the attack.These experiments showed that current multispectral sensors can be deceived by the use of fake fingerprints created with or without the cooperation of the subject. Fakes created from direct casts perform better than those produced by fakes created from indirect casts. The results showed that the success of the attack is influenced by two main factors. The first is the quality of the fakes, and by extension the quality of the original fingerprint. The second is the combination of the general patterns involved in the attacks since an appropriate combination can strongly increase the rates of successful attacks.     

Lifting techniques for finger marks on human skin previous enhancement by Swedish Black powder — A preliminary study

An examination was done to investigate whether certain lifting techniques can lift recovered latent fingerprints on human skin surfaces of living subjects. For recovery Swedish Soot powder mixture (Swedish Black) was used.Donors intentionally placed fingerprints on the skin surface of living subjects. Finger marks were then in all cases recovered with Swedish Black powder. The procedure was repeated after 1 h and 4 h. Treated finger marks were secured and preserved as latent fingerprint evidence by different lifting processes. Having examined skin surfaces and finger marks we observed that the lifters such as white instant lifter, white fingerprint gelatin, black fingerprint gelatin, silicone, transparent adhesive tape, are suitable. Moreover, white fingerprint gelatin and white instant lifter proved to be very good at lifting treated finger marks. Black fingerprint gelatin was very good also, but finger marks were examined by slant light.     

Individuals lacking ridge detail: A case study in adermatoglyphia

Adermatoglyphia is a very rare autosomal‐dominant condition that is genetically inherited and causes an individual to be born without conventional ridge detail on either their palmar or plantar surfaces (the fingers and palms of the hands and the toes and the soles of the feet). While adermatoglyphia has been the focus of medical and genetic research, no previous research has been conducted with regard to the forensic recovery and identification of marks from an adermatoglyphic individual. By observation of ridge detail donated by an adermatoglyphic subject, the study uses different methods in order to capture fingermarks (methods include: inked capture, livescan (biometric) capture, cyanoacrylate fuming, ninhydrin enhancement, and physical developer). Unusually, the purpose of this paper ends up presenting a number of examples of an absence of evidence; unsuccessful attempts made to capture and enhance fingerprint ridge detail. This is determined over a range of standard means including "live" donations by the adermatoglyphic subject onto the Livescan system, and enhancements of latent donations. The subject shows to leave either insubstantial fingermarks with no detail, or no mark whatsoever.     

Using anisotropic diffusion for efficient extraction of sensor noise in camera identification

Each digital camera has an intrinsic fingerprint that is unique to each camera. This device fingerprint can be extracted from an image and can be compared with a reference device fingerprint to determine the device origin. The complexity of the filters proposed to accomplish this is increasing. In this note, we use a relatively simple algorithm to extract the sensor noise from images. It has the advantages of being easy to implement and parallelize, and working faster than the wavelet filter that is common for this application. In addition, we compare the performance with a simple median filter and assess whether a previously proposed fingerprint enhancement technique improves results. Experiments are performed on approximately 7500 images originating from 69 cameras, and the results are compared with this often used wavelet filter. Despite the simplicity of the proposed method, the performance exceeds the common wavelet filter and reduces the time needed for the extraction.     

Imaging electrostatic fingerprints with implications for a forensic timeline

The electrical charge deposited by contact electrification due to a finger touching a thin insulating surface is imaged using an electric field microscopy system. It is based on an ultrahigh impedance electric potential sensor used as a non-contact raster scanning probe to measure surface charge density with a spatial resolution of up to 5 μm. Preliminary results are presented which yield two principle findings. First, they indicate that the spatial resolution of the fingerprint image is sufficient for identification purposes. Secondly, that the decay of the surface charge may be considered as a candidate method for the dating or sequencing of these electrical charge fingerprints. The decay of surface charge with time is well defined, largely material dependent, and may take many days. This intrinsic decay rate for the material may be quantified using the charge imaging system described in this paper and a known test charge. The measurement technique described is non-destructive, may be repeated without degradation of the sample, and does not preclude the subsequent use of other techniques such as DNA analysis or conventional latent fingerprint development.     

Vulnerabilities of fingerprint reader to fake fingerprints attacks

The purpose of this research is to assess the vulnerabilities of a high resolution fingerprint sensor when confronted with fake fingerprints. The study has not been focused on the decision outcome of the biometric device, but essentially on the scores obtained following the comparison between a query (genuine or fake) and a template using an AFIS system. To do this, fake fingerprints of 12 subjects have been produced with and without their cooperation. These fake fingerprints have been used alongside with real fingers. The study led to three major observations: First, genuine fingerprints produced scores higher than fake fingers (translating a closer proximity) and this tendency is observed considering each subject separately. Second, scores are however not sufficient as a single measure to differentiate these samples (fake from genuine) given the variation due to the donors themselves. That explains why fingerprint readers without vitality detection can be fooled. Third, production methods and subjects greatly influence the scores obtained for fake fingerprints.     

Fingerprint recovery from human skin surfaces.

A study was conducted to investigate whether certain dactyloscopic powders and reagents can recover latent fingerprints on human skin surfaces. Four fingerprint powders, Magnetic Jet Black, Magnetic Silver, Silver Special, Swedish Black, and two other methods, cyanoacrylate fuming (CA) and Ruthenium tetroxide (RTX), were used. Having examined skin surfaces with a forensic light source, we observed that the fingerprint impressions remained visible up to 15 min after intentionally placing them on the skin surface of living subjects and dead bodies. Finger marks were recovered and positive results were achieved with Magnetic Black and Swedish Black powder on living subjects. On dead bodies finger marks treated with cyanoacrylate were visible but those treated with RTX, Swedish Black and Magnetic Jet Black powder were useful for potential comparison. On dead bodies best results were obtained with RTX method.     

尸体与活体指纹微观细节特征的差异分析

目的比较尸体与活体指纹的微观细节特征差异,以帮助判断指纹的状态属性。方法用VSC-5000文检仪在放大15~30倍的条件下,观察比较尸体与活体指纹的微观细节特征。结果尸体与活体指纹的乳突纹线的边缘形态、宽窄及汗孔印等微观细节特征存在差异。结论指纹的微观细节特征是尸体与活体指纹种属鉴别的重要依据之一。