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1.
We used three identity processes (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) from a recently developed model of identity formation to derive empirically identity statuses in a sample of 1952 early and middle adolescents. By means of cluster analysis, we identified five statuses: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, searching moratorium, and diffusion. Specifically, we found an intra-status differentiation within moratorium, unraveling the positive and negative facets of this status documented in prior literature. The five clusters could be meaningfully distinguished on a number of variables, such as personality features, psychosocial problems, and parental relationships. These findings indicated that a valid distinction in identity statuses could be made in early and middle adolescence. Finally, age and ethnic background strongly affected the distribution of the participants among the five identity statuses. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Wim MeeusEmail:
Elisabetta Crocetti   is a doctoral student of the University of Macerata. Crocetti’s major research interests include identity development and social relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Monica Rubini   is Associate Professor of Social Psychology and head of the Laboratory for the Study of Social Prejudice at the University of Bologna. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Bologna. Her major research interests include intergroup relations and language, personal and social identity development. Koen Luyckx   is a postdoctoral researcher at the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) in Flanders. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the K.U. of Leuven. His major research interests include longitudinal research, identity development and processes, parenting, and adolescent well-being. Wim Meeus   is Professor of Adolescent Development and chair of the Research Centre Adolescent Development of Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the Utrecht University. He is a specialist in longitudinal research. His major research interests include identity and personality development, personal relationships and psychosocial problems in adolescence.  相似文献   

2.
Recent research suggests that although ethnic discrimination may have negative consequences for psychological well-being among youth of Chinese descent as it does for other ethnic groups, ethnic identity beliefs may buffer against such effects. Data for this study were drawn from the Early Adolescent Cohort Study, an investigation of contextual influences on the social, emotional, and academic adjustment of youth in ethnically diverse New York City middle schools. The present study sample consists of Chinese American (n = 84) and African American (n = 119) sixth graders. Results suggest that Chinese American youths’ own positive affect toward their ethnic group (private regard) was positively associated with higher self-esteem. In addition, the more favorably Chinese American youth perceived that others view their group (public regard), the fewer depressive symptoms they reported. In addition, among Chinese American youth, more favorable public regard attenuated the negative relationship between peer ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of the commonalities among ethnic and racial minority groups’ experiences of discrimination as well as the unique challenges that Chinese American youth face.
Deborah Rivas-DrakeEmail:
Deborah Rivas-Drake   is an Assistant Professor of Education at Brown University. She received her Ph.D. in Education and Psychology from the University of Michigan. Her major research interests include the development of ethnic identity in adolescence and its implications for academic and psychological well-being. Diane Hughes   is an Associate Professor of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University. She is a co-Principal Investigator of the NYU Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education. Niobe Way   is a Professor of Applied Psychology, New York University. She is a co-Principal Investigator of the NYU Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education.  相似文献   

3.
Our study of the adolescent life course proposes that substantial maturation occurs within three intertwined arenas of development: the social, the psychological, and the normative attainment. Further, each arena may be linked, respectively, to three youth problem dimensions: drinking, depressive affect, and academic achievement. We use latent growth curves and the Youth Development Study (effective N = 856) to track a panel of teens from their freshman to senior year in high school. There are 54.4% girls and 45.6% boys, and 75.7% non-Hispanic whites and 24.3% other races/ethnicities. Two research goals are addressed: (1) estimate each dimension’s unique developmental trajectory across high school, and (2) model the dimensions together in order to assess their reciprocal influences. While mean levels in all three dimensions increased over time, distinct developmental patterns were observed, especially in drinking and depression. For example, more drinking occasions—a social activity for most teens—may help assuage some teens’ emotional distress, especially girls’. These patterns suggest a synergistic relationship between the social and psychological arenas of development. Contrary to expectation, higher freshman depressive affect was associated with a significantly sharper increase in GPA over time for girls.
Devon J. HenselEmail:
Timothy J. Owens   is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Purdue University, West Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Minnesota. His primary research interests are life course contexts, development, and transitions; sociology of mental health; identity and self-concept; and sociology of children and adolescents. His most recent book is From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Vietnam Era (Springer 2005). Other projects include applying role and identity theory to estimating the probability and timing of death among American infantrymen in the Vietnam War. Nathan D. Shippee   is a 2008–2009 Fulbright research fellow in Ukraine. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2008. His research interests pertain to social psychology, criminology, criminal justice, and discourse analysis. Current projects include: violent victimization in the life course, wrongful conviction, legal cases regarding parents who kill their partners, stigma management, and national identity. Devon J. Hensel   is an Assistant Research Scientist, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2005. Current research interests include: adolescent health and development, sexual health and decision making, gender and longitudinal data analysis.  相似文献   

4.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to identify how school factors were related to perpetration of dating violence among adolescents; and (2) to assess how these factors may reduce or exacerbate the relationship between parental domestic violence and adolescents’ perpetration of dating violence, while accounting for individual and family characteristics from early adolescence. Three waves of data from the Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study were used (N = 765; Ages 16–20 at Wave 3). Lagged Ordinary Least Squares multiple regression techniques were utilized to examine the link between perpetration of dating violence and school factors. Results are presented separately by adolescents’ sex and ethnicity-by-sex. Early involvement with antisocial peers and an increase in involvement with antisocial peers over time were linked to perpetration of dating violence for males, females, African-American females, and Hispanic males. Lack of school safety and academic difficulties during early adolescence exacerbated the impact of parental domestic violence exposure for African-American males and Hispanic males, respectively. Early school involvement, surprisingly, exacerbated this impact for Hispanic females. Implications for the prevention of perpetration of dating violence are explored.
Brenda J. LohmanEmail:
Melissa P. Schnurr   M.S. is a Doctoral student in Human Development and Family Studies at Iowa State University. Schnurr also holds a M.S. in Human Development and Family Studies from Iowa State University. She has research interests in adolescent romantic relationships, adolescent dating violence perpetration, and the effects of the school, family, and neighborhood environments on adolescent development. Brenda J. Lohman   Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Studies and a Faculty Affiliate of the Institute for Social and Behavior Research at Iowa State University. Lohman holds a Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from The Ohio State University and a M.S. in Developmental Psychology from Illinois State University. Utilizing a multidisciplinary framework, her research interests focus on the successful academic, psychological, social, and sexual adjustment of adolescents especially those from economically disadvantaged minority families and communities.  相似文献   

5.
A looking glass self-orientation refers to the tendency to incorporate the opinions of social partners to form a self-representation and approve of one’s self. These orientations were assessed for two adolescent siblings in 438 families with surveys accessed on-line. Younger (M = 11.6 years, SD = 1.8) and older (M = 14.3, SD = 2.1) siblings and their mothers (82.7% European-American) participated. The siblings shared similar orientations in relying on either classmates or the other sibling for approval, prior to self approval. Relying on classmate approval was significantly associated with adjustment and academic performance as reported by both the self and mothers. Siblings were also identified as sources of approval with implications for adjustment, but the magnitude of the associations with adjustment were lower. Comparisons of the older and younger siblings revealed that both groups were equally as liable to poor outcomes when reflecting the opinions of classmates or siblings. The results of SEM analyses implicate parenting characterized as coercive, rejecting, and chaotic in association with the tendency to rely on others for approval. A mediating role for looking glass self-orientations in associations between parenting and depressive symptoms, anxiety or academic performance was also found.
Jeong Jin YuEmail:
Wendy C. Gamble   is an Associate Professor at the University of Arizona in the Division of Family Studies and Human Development. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from the Pennsylvania State University. Her current research focuses on the socialization of emotional competencies among children and on sibling interactions and developing self-systems among children and adolescents. Jeong Jin Yu   is an Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University, York. He completed his doctorate in Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona. His research interests include child and adolescent socioemotional development and multivariate statistical methods.  相似文献   

6.
The current study provides new information on the etiology of adolescent problem behaviors in African American youth by testing the importance of known predictors, namely parenting measures (monitoring, support, and communication), peers, and neighborhood characteristics across rural and non-rural developmental contexts. More specifically, the study examined whether rural versus non-rural developmental contexts moderated the relationships between known predictors and a variety of problem behaviors (alcohol use, drug use, delinquency, and violence). Data were collected from N = 687 rural and N = 182 non-rural African American adolescents (mean age = 15.8 years). Findings indicate that both parenting constructs and peer deviance had significant effects on problem behaviors and that these effects were consistent across rural and non-rural developmental contexts. The study results are discussed in terms of their implications for ecological frameworks for testing problem behavior etiology.
Maureen A. YoungEmail:
Alexander T. Vazsonyi   Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at Auburn University. He received his Ph.D. in 1995 from The University of Arizona. His research interests include etiological risk factors in adolescent problem behaviors, deviance, delinquency, and violence, employing a cross-cultural/cross-national comparative method in the study of human development and behavior. Vazsonyi is the Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Early Adolescence and an editor of the Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior And Aggression. Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo   Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at Texas Tech University. She received her Ph.D. in 2006 from Auburn University. Her current research interests include the importance of family processes and contextual factors on the etiology of risky and problem behaviors in youth as well as internalizing behaviors with a particular emphasis on ethnic minorities and immigrant populations. Maureen A. Young   Master’s student in Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University. She received her BS in 2004 from the University of New Orleans. Her current research interests include sexual behaviors (particularly risky sexual activity), deviance, and parent–child relationships in youth.  相似文献   

7.
The current study examined relationships between adolescents’ and mothers’ reports of ethnic-racial socialization and adolescents’ ethnic-racial identity. The sample included 170 sixth graders (49% boys, 51% girls) and their mothers, all of whom identified as Black, Puerto Rican, Dominican, or Chinese. Two dimensions of ethnic-racial socialization (cultural socialization and preparation for bias) were evaluated alongside three dimensions of ethnic-racial identity (exploration, affirmation and belonging, and behavioral engagement). Mothers’ reports of their cultural socialization predicted adolescents’ reports, but only adolescents’ reports predicted adolescents’ ethnic-racial identity processes. Mothers’ reports of preparation for bias predicted boys’ but not girls’ reports of preparation for bias. Again, only adolescents’ reports of preparation for bias predicted their ethnic-racial identity. Thus, several gender differences in relationships emerged, with mothers’ and adolescents’ perceptions of cultural socialization, in particular, playing a more important role in girls’ than in boys’ identity processes. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research.
Diane HughesEmail:
Diane Hughes   is Professor of Applied Psychology in the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development at New York University. There, she is co-director of the doctoral training program in Psychology and Social Intervention and of the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education. She received her B.A. from Williams College and her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in Community and Developmental Psychology. Her research focuses on ecological influences on parenting and socialization processes among ethnic minority families. She has authored numerous articles and special journal issues devoted to identifying cultural knowledge and the use of culturally anchored methods, and has studied issues of special relevance to ethnic minority populations including racial discrimination and ethnic-racial socialization. She is currently co-chair of the cross-university study group on race, culture and ethnicity. Her research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, The National Institutes of Mental Health, the William T. Grant Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Carnegie Corporation. Carolin Hagelskamp   is a doctoral student in Community Psychology at New York University’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She received a B.Sc from the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK), and a M.Sc from the London School of Economics and Political Sciences. She has been a senior Research Assistant at the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education since 2003. Her research interests are the relationships between maternal work-family experiences, adolescent development and ethnic-racial socialization across ethnically diverse urban families. Niobe Way   is Professor of Applied Psychology in the Department of Applied Psychology at New York University. She is also the Director of the Developmental Psychology program and the co-director of the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education at NYU. She received her doctorate from the School of Education at Harvard University in Human Development and Psychology and was an NIMH postdoctoral fellow in the psychology department at Yale University. Way’s research focuses on the intersections of culture, context, and human development, with a particular focus on the social and emotional development of adolescents from low-income families. She is primarily interested in how schools and families as well as larger political and economic contexts influence the developmental trajectories of children and adolescents. Her work also focuses on adolescents’ experiences of social identities, including both their gender and ethnic identities. Way is a nationally recognized leader in the use of mixed methods; she has combined quantitative and qualitative methods to examine developmental processes during adolescence for over two decades. Way is the author of numerous books and journal articles. Her sole authored books include: “Everyday Courage: The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers” (NYU Press, 1998); and “Friendship among Adolescent Boys” (to be published by Harvard University Press). Her co-edited or co-authored books include: “Urban Girls: Resisting Stereotypes, Creating Identities” (NYU press, 1996); “Adolescent Boys: Exploring Diverse Cultures of Boyhood” (NYU Press, 2004), and “Growing up Fast: Transitions to Adulthood among Inner City Adolescent Mothers” (Erlbaum Press, 2001)”. The latter co-authored book (with Bonnie Leadbeater) received the Best Book Award from the Society of Research on Adolescence (2002). Her current projects focus on the influence of families and schools on the trajectories of social and emotional development among middle school students in New York City and in Nanjing, China. Her research has been funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, The National Science Foundation, The William T. Grant Foundation, The Spencer Foundation, and by numerous other smaller foundations. Monica D. Foust   received her M.A. degree in Psychology from the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development and is currently a doctoral student in Developmental Psychology at University of Michigan. Her research interests are in ethnic-racial identity development and in sexual identity development.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
This mixed-methods exploratory study examined the diverse content and situated context of White adolescents’ racial-ethnic identities. The sample consisted of 781 9th–12th grade White adolescents from three New England schools, which varied in racial and economic make-up. Open-ended responses provided a range of thematic categories regarding the importance of race-ethnicity to the adolescents’ identities, representing the diverse ideologies of White adolescents’ explanations, ranging from colorblind claims to ethnic pride. This study also found significant relationships between racial-ethnic identity importance (centrality) and parents’ education for White adolescents. These findings highlight the diversity of White adolescents’ understanding of their racial-ethnic identities and the importance of context in shaping racial-ethnic centrality.
Jennifer M. GrossmanEmail:
Jennifer M. Grossman   is a Research Scientist at Wellesley Centers for Women. She received her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Boston College. Her major research interests include adolescent development in the context of racial and ethnic experiences, peer relationships, and family socialization processes. Linda Charmaraman   is an NICHD postdoctoral research fellow at the Wellesley Centers for Women. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development and Education from UC Berkeley. Her research interests include adolescent identity, positive urban youth development, and youth media cultures.  相似文献   

10.
The present study examined contextual influences on the relationship between racial discrimination (individual, cultural, and collective/institutional) and psychological well-being. Two hundred and fifty two African American adolescents (46% male and 54% female, average age = 16) completed measures of racial discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Archival information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of the participants’ neighborhoods and schools was used and increased school diversity was linked to increased perceptions of cultural discrimination. Regardless of school and neighborhood diversity, high perceptions of collective/institutional discrimination were linked to lower self-esteem for students in high diversity settings. Further, high levels of collective/institutional discrimination were associated with lower life satisfaction for African American youth in low diversity settings.
Eleanor K. SeatonEmail:
Eleanor K. Seaton   is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Temple University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Michigan. Her research interests examine the influence of perceived discrimination on adolescent development, the development and content of racial identity as it relates to in well-being, and the relation between perceived discrimination and racial identity among Black youth. Tiffany Yip   is an Assistant Professor in the Psychometrics Program at Fordham University. She received her Ph.D. in Community Psychology with concentrations in human development and quantitative methods from New York University. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Michigan. Her research interests include the role of everyday contexts in adolescent and young adult identity development, the association between identity and psychological adjustment, and mixed method approaches to the study of identity development.  相似文献   

11.
A sample of 679 (341 women) emerging adults (M = 18.90 years; SD = 1.11; range = 18.00–22.92) participated in a study on the utility of forms (i.e., physical and relational) and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggression. We examined the link between these four subtypes of aggression and personality pathology (i.e., psychopathic features, borderline personality disorder features, and antisocial personality disorder features). The study supports the psychometric properties (i.e., test–retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity) of a recently introduced measure of forms and functions of aggression during emerging adulthood. Aggression subtypes were uniquely associated with indices of personality pathology. For example, proactive (i.e., planned, instrumental or goal-oriented) and reactive (i.e., impulsive, hostile or retaliatory) functions of relational aggression were uniquely associated with borderline personality disorder features even after controlling for functions of physical aggression and gender. The results highlight the differential associations between forms and functions of aggression and indices of personality pathology in typically developing emerging adults.
Jamie M. OstrovEmail:
Jamie M. Ostrov   is an Assistant Professor of Psychology in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Ostrov received his Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus. His research focuses on the development of relational and physical aggression. Rebecca J. Houston   is a Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Houston received her Ph.D. in Biopsychology from the University of New Orleans. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. Her research focuses on the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in functions of aggression.  相似文献   

12.
The current study modeled trajectories of substance use from ages 15 to 20 among 1,095 male serious juvenile offenders (M age = 16.54; 42% African-American, 34% Latino, 20% European-American, and 4% other ethnic/racial backgrounds) and prospectively predicted trajectories from risk and protective factors before and after controlling for time spent in a supervised setting. Results indicated that supervised time suppressed age-related growth in substance use. Trajectories of offenders with no supervised time and low levels of supervised time increased in substance use across age, whereas offenders with high levels of supervised time showed no growth. Almost all risk and protective factors had effects on initial substance use but only adolescent history of substance use, impulse control, and psychosocial maturity had an effect on change in substance use over time. Findings highlight the importance of formal sanctions and interventions superimposed on normal developmental processes in understanding trajectories of substance use among serious juvenile offenders.
Delfino Vargas-ChanesEmail:
Anne Marie Mauricio,   Ph.D., is a research faculty member at the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Michigan State University. Her major research interests include interpersonal violence and preventative interventions for substance use, academic disengagement, and mental health disorders. Michelle Little,   Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Temple University. Her major research interests include prevention of externalizing disorders. Laurie Chassin,   Ph.D., is a Regents Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Teachers College, Columbia University. Her major research interests include the development and intergenerational transmission of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and substance use disorders. George P. Knight,   Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in 1980 from the University of California at Riverside. His research interests include cultural adaptation in immigrant and minority youth and adults as well as methodological issues associated with research on ethnic minority families. Alex R. Piquero,   Ph.D., is presidential scholar and professor in the Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1996. His major research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. Sandra H. Losoya,   Ph.D., is a research assistant professor of psychology at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in developmental psychology, specializing in socio-emotional development, from the University of Oregon. Her research interests include individual differences in emotional responding and coping, and sources of resilience in high-risk children. Delfino Vargas-Chanes,   Ph.D., is research faculty member in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Iowa State University. His major research interests include development of measurement instruments, structural equation modeling, multilevel modeling and advanced statistical analyses applied to social and behavioral sciences.  相似文献   

13.
Increasingly, researchers have found relationships between a strong, positive sense of racial identity and academic achievement among African American youth. Less attention, however, has been given to the roles and functions of racial identity among youth experiencing different social and economic contexts. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors examined the relationship of racial identity to academic outcomes, taking into account neighborhood-level factors. The sample consisted of 564 African American eighth-graders (56% male). The authors found that neighborhood characteristics and racial identity related positively to academic outcomes, but that some relationships were different across neighborhood types. For instance, in neighborhoods low in economic opportunity, high pride was associated with a higher GPA, but in more advantaged neighborhoods, high pride was associated with a lower GPA. The authors discuss the need to take youth’s contexts into account in order to understand how racial identity is active in the lives of African American youth.
Tabbye M. Chavous (Corresponding author)Email:
Christy M. Byrd   is a Ph.D. student in the Combined Program in Education and Psychology at the University of Michigan. Her research interests include how school and neighborhood contexts shape racial identity and personal development for children and adolescents. Tabbye M. Chavous   is an Associate Professor in the School of Education and the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan. Her primary academic affiliation is with the Combined Program in Education and Psychology. She received her Ph.D. in Community Psychology from the University of Virgina. Her research interests center around social, developmental, and contextual influences on the academic and psychological development of African American adolescents, with an emphasis on gender and racial identity development, school climate effects, and family socialization processes.  相似文献   

14.
The present study examines how exposure to relational aggression at school is associated with adolescents’ perceptions of, and participation in, a hostile school environment. Participants were 1,335 African American and European American adolescents in grades 7 through 12 (52% female, 49% African American). Results indicate that exposure to relational aggression is associated with several components of adolescents’ perceptions of the school climate. Adolescents exposed to high levels of relational aggression perceived their school to be less safe, and were less pleased with the general social atmosphere at school. Moreover, for males, but not females, exposure to relational aggression was associated with carrying a weapon to school. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed in terms of working toward safer school environments for adolescents.
Sara E. GoldsteinEmail:
Sara Goldstein   is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Child Studies at Montclair State University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Bowling Green State University. Her major research interests include peer relationships, aggression, and gender. Amy Young   is an Assistant Research Scientist at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Michigan. Major research interests include gender, sexual assault, substance use, and developmental psychopathology. Carol Boyd   is a Professor of Nursing and a Professor of Women’s Studies and is Director of the Institute for Research on women and Gender at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She received her PhD, in Nursing (cognate Anthropology). Her major research interests include gender and substance abuse.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, we investigated whether parental smoking-specific communication is related to adolescents’ friendship-selection processes. Furthermore, we investigated whether adolescents and their best friends influence each other over time, and what role parents play in this process. In the present study we used data from the Family and Health project in which at baseline 428 full families participated. In this 2-year, three-wave longitudinal study data were available from fathers, mothers, early adolescents (aged M = 13.4 years, SD = .50), and middle adolescents (aged M = 15.2 years, SD = .60). The majority of the participating adolescents were of Dutch origin (>95%). There was an almost equal distribution of boys and girls, and adolescents with lower, middle, and higher educational levels were equally represented. Analyses were conducted by means of Structural Equation Modeling. Results demonstrate that a high quality of the smoking-specific communication is related to a lower likelihood of adolescent smoking, whereas the frequency is positively associated with adolescent smoking. Both the quality and frequency of parental smoking-specific communication were related to adolescents’ selective affiliation with (non-)smoking friends. The findings suggest that parental smoking-specific communication is associated with adolescent smoking directly but also indirectly by influencing the friends the adolescents will associate with.
Rebecca N. H. de LeeuwEmail:
Rebecca N. H. de Leeuw   is a Ph.D. student at the Behavioural Science Institute. Her research interests include familial influences on adolescent smoking behavior. Ron H. J. Scholte, Ph.D.,   is an Associate Professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. His research interests include peer influences on adolescent behavior, specifically on bullying and substance use. Zeena Harakeh, Ph.D.,   is an Assistant Professor at the University of Utrecht. Her research interests include social influences on smoking behavior among adolescents and young adults. Jan F. J. van Leeuwe, Ph.D.,   is an Assistant Professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. He is an expert on complex multivariate analyses. Rutger C. M. E. Engels, Ph.D.,   is full professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. His research interests include social influences and the development of problem behavior among adolescents and young adults.  相似文献   

16.
Greater empirical attention directed toward gender-sensitive assessment strategies that concentrate on family-specific factors is thought to be both timely and necessary, especially with regard to outcome variables associated with mental health and substance abuse in at-risk adolescent populations. A sample of 2,646 court-involved adolescents was used to test two competing models regarding relationships among disruptive family processes, mental health (as both internalizing and externalizing problems), and substance abuse issues according to gender. The results of multiple group structural equation modeling procedures indicated that disrupted family processes were significantly associated with higher levels of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and substance abuse in both male and female youth. For females, however, disrupted family processes were more related to internalizing problems and substance abuse than externalizing problems. Further, the relationship between disrupted family processes and substance abuse was not mediated by mental health issues, indicating a lack of support for the alternative model tested in this study. Together, the findings underscore the primacy of the family’s impact on issues related to adolescent development and well-being in tandem with the need for a more gender sensitive approach to the needs of court-involved males and females.
Stephen M. GavazziEmail:
Stephen M. Gavazzi   is a Professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Science, and is Co-Director of the Center for Family Research at The Ohio State University. He received his Ph.D. in Family Science from the University of Connecticut. His major research interests include identifying the impact of family dynamics on youth development, psychopathology, and problem behavior. Ji-Young Lim   is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Studies and Social Work at Miami University of Ohio. She received her Ph.D. in Family Science from The Ohio State University. Her major research interests include gender and ethnic differences in risks and needs among court-involved youth, parent–adolescent relationships across cultures, and the influence of neighborhood settings on peer and family risks among juvenile delinquents. Courtney M. Yarcheck   is the Program Director at The Ohio State University Center for Family Research. She received her M.S. in Family Science from The Ohio State University. Her major research interests include gender-specific issues in the assessment of court-involved youth and the use of the Internet in training juvenile justice professionals. Jennifer M. Bostic   is the Program Manager at The Ohio State University Center for Family Research. She received her M.S. in Counselor Education from The Ohio State University. Her major research interests include the impact of gender and race on the mental health of court-involved youth. Scott D. Scheer   is an Associate Professor and State Extension Specialist in the Department of Human and Community Resource Development, and is Co-Director of the Center for Family Research at The Ohio State University. He received his Ph.D. in Family Studies from the University of Delaware. His research interests focus on the protective and risk factors of positive youth development, which include family, youth programs, substance use, and emotional intelligence.  相似文献   

17.
Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly put forth in the literature.
K. Paige HardenEmail:
Kathryn Paige Harden, M.A.   received a B.S. in Psychology from Furman University and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include behavior genetic methodology, as well as the development of child and adolescent externalizing psychopathology. Jane Mendle, M.A.   received a B.A. in Psychology from Amherst College and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the antecedents of pubertal and sexual development, and the consequences of early puberty for psychological adjustment. She is currently a predoctoral intern at New York Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. Jennifer E. Hill, M.A.   received a B.A. in Psychology from Dartmouth University and is currently a graduate student in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the role of peer relationships in the development of adolescent alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Eric Turkheimer, Ph.D.   received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Texas. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of Clinical Training at the University of Virginia. His research focuses on quantitative issues in behavior genetics, gene–environment interaction in the development of intelligence, and measurement of personality and personality disorders. Robert E. Emery, Ph.D.   received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Center for Children, Families, and the Law at University of Virginia. His research focuses on family relationships and children’s mental health, including parental conflict, divorce, child custody, and associated legal and policy issues.  相似文献   

18.
This study examined the role of adolescents’ and mothers’ self-reports of English and heritage language proficiency in youth’s academic and emotional adjustment among 444 Chinese American families. Adolescents who were proficient in English tended to exhibit higher reading achievement scores, math achievement scores, and overall GPA. Mothers who were English proficient tended to have children with higher academic achievement and fewer depressive symptoms. Results also indicated that adolescents’ heritage language maintenance was associated with positive adjustment, particularly amongst foreign-born youth and for youth whose parents were highly proficient in the heritage language. Mother-adolescent match in heritage language proficiency was related to higher math achievement scores and overall GPA. Additionally, higher heritage language proficiency was associated with fewer depressive symptoms for foreign-born but not U.S.-born youth. Overall, the findings suggest that proficiency in both the English and heritage language may confer advantages to Chinese American youth.
Lisa L. LiuEmail:
Lisa L. Liu   is a doctoral student in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she received her Masters in Clinical Psychology. Her research interests focus on the mental health of immigrant and minority families, including the role of parenting practices, parent–child relations, and socio-cultural factors on youth adjustment. Aprile D. Benner   is a postdoctoral fellow at the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research interests center on adolescent development of low-income and minority youth, specifically investigating how adolescents navigate transition experiences in the early life course and how social contexts influence development. Anna S. Lau   is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. A major objective of her research is to enhance the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for ethnic minority families and children at risk of parenting and child behavior problems. She has authored over 30 articles in the fields of children’s mental health services, child maltreatment, and minority family adjustment. Su Yeong Kim   is an Assistant Professor in the School of Human Ecology, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development from the University of California, Davis. Her research interests include the role of cultural and family contexts that shape the development of adolescents in immigrant and minority families in the U.S.  相似文献   

19.
The present study examined the relationship between participation in sports during adolescence and physical activity and subjective health in young adulthood. A sample of 8,152 (males = 50.8%, females = 49.2%) adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used. Results of the study showed that participating in an organized sport during adolescence was associated with higher levels of physical activity and better subjective health during young adulthood after controlling for participation in general physical activities (e.g., jogging, biking, skateboarding) during adolescence. Participation in sports during adolescence was associated with more positive self-beliefs 1 year later that, in turn, were associated with higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity and better subjective health 6 years later. Results suggest that positive self-beliefs partially mediate the relationship between adolescents’ participation in sports and two health outcomes in young adulthood: moderate to vigorous physical activity and subjective health. Findings highlight the utility of youths’ participation in organized sports for promoting healthy outcomes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Tonya DodgeEmail:
Tonya Dodge   is an Assistant Professor at Skidmore College. She received her Ph.D. in Social/Personality Psychology from The University at Albany. Her primary research interests include the effect of sports participation and physical activity on adolescent health and development. Sharon Lambert   is an Assistant Professor at The George Washington University. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical and Community Psychology from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her primary research interests include development and course of depressive symptoms in urban youth, the role of the neighborhood context in adolescent development, and school-based prevention.  相似文献   

20.
Many studies have documented the ways in which shyness can be a barrier to personal well-being and social adjustment throughout childhood and adolescence; however, less is known regarding shyness in emerging adulthood. Shyness as experienced during emerging adulthood may continue to be a risk factor for successful development. The purpose of this study was to compare shy emerging adults with their non-shy peers in (a) internalizing behaviors, (b) externalizing behaviors, and (c) close relationships. Participants included 813 undergraduate students (500 women, 313 men) from a number of locations across the United States. Results showed that relatively shy emerging adults, both men and women, had more internalizing problems (e.g., anxious, depressed, low self-perceptions in multiple domains), engaged in fewer externalizing behaviors (e.g., less frequent drinking), and experienced poorer relationship quality with parents, best friends, and romantic partners than did their non-shy peers.
Larry J. NelsonEmail:
Larry J. Nelson   is an Associate Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from the University of Maryland, College Park. His major research interests are in social and self development during early childhood and emerging adulthood. Laura M. Padilla-Walker   is an Assistant Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. She received her Ph.D. in 2005 from the University of Nebraska—Lincoln. Her major research interests center on the parent-adolescent relationship as it relates to adolescents’ moral and prosocial behaviors and internalization of values. Sarah Badger   received her Ph.D. in 2005 from Brigham Young University. Her major research interests are marriage formation and development as well as emerging adulthood and marriage readiness. Carolyn McNamara Barry   is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Loyola College in Maryland. She received her Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Maryland, College Park. Her major research interests are in social and self development during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Jason S. Carroll   is an Associate Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Minnesota. His major research interests are in marriage formation and development as well as emerging adulthood and marriage readiness. Stephanie D. Madsen   is an Associate Professor of Psychology at McDaniel College. She received her Ph.D. in 2001 from the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota. She is particularly interested in how relationships with significant others impact child and adolescent development.  相似文献   

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