论民族、种族和宗教犯罪的立法完善——从国际人权公约角度看

民族、种族和宗教相互之间具有紧密联系,且对一个国家的和谐与稳定关系重大。我国加入或即将加入的国际人权公约对民族、种族和宗教相关的犯罪行为已经作出了明确规定,我国有必要以国际人权公约的规定为参照检视我国刑法在民族、种族和宗教犯罪上的规定,作出与我国实际相符合、也与国际人权公约相一致的修正。修改现有相关犯罪的构成条件,增加我国刑法没有规定但危害严重的民族、种族和宗教犯罪。     

简析刑事诉讼法在人权保障方面的进步与发展

文章总结了我国刑诉法人权保障理念的转变历程,分析了人权保障理念在新刑法中的具体体现,指出了在刑诉法中贯彻人权保障理念必须转变有罪推定的思维模式,全面确立无罪推定原则。     

改造羁押必要性审查机制的合理化路径

新修正的《刑事诉讼法》第93条对逮捕后羁押的必要性审查作出了规定，这是我国法治建设在人权保障方面的一个重大进步，值得予以肯定。但该条规定过于抽象、笼统，没有细化羁押必要性审查的相关要件。为此，应当进一步明晰羁押必要性审查程序的启动机制、审查对象、审查期限等内容，以使该程序所产生的法律效果和社会效果得到最大程度的发挥。     

刑事被害人权利保护论纲

刑事诉讼中的人权保护不仅包括犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权保护,还包括遭受犯罪行为直接侵害的被害人的人权保护。我国当前立法对刑事被害人的人权保护有极大不足,造成了与被告人人权保护的失衡,因此,必须加强对刑事被害人的人权保护。其内容应包括赋予被害人在公诉案件中享有上诉权,建立犯罪被害人国家补偿制度,完善被害人诉讼代理制度,将精神损害列入犯罪损害赔偿的范围。     

On the Perfection of Legislation on Property Rights Protection of Criminal Suspects in Investigation Process

The property rights of a criminal suspect are an important component of human rights,but,unfortunately,may be restrained by factors in the investigation process like judicial stereotypes,legal regulations,and a lack of initiative on the part of the rights holder,which,from time to time,may result in infringements of such rights.Thus it is necessary for us to probe into the reasons why such infringements occur and sort out the contents about enhancing property rights protection of criminal suspects in the amendment to Criminal Procedure Law.To counter the existing disregard for property rights protection of criminal suspects and its legislative deficiency,judicial reform must be carried out as to three aspects:procedural improvement,institutional establishment,and judicial transformation property rights ideas in criminal proceedings.     

新刑诉法语境下检察技术侦查权配置的探讨

新刑诉法修改后,第一次在刑诉法的语境下,系统、明确地提出了侦查机关利用技术侦查手段进行侦查的法律规范,是我国技术侦查在立法上的一大进步。新刑诉法第148条第2款规定了检察机关对于已经立案的重大贪污贿赂案件以及利用职权实施的严重侵犯公民人身权利的重大犯罪案件,经过严格的审批手续,可以采取技术侦查手段。各级检察机关要在保障人权、平衡程序和实体正义的前提下,科学、规范、合理地使用技术侦查手段,更为有效地开展和推进检察自侦工作。     

Financial Law Protection Approach and System Construction of Economic,Social and Cultural Rights——international Comparison and Chinese Experience

Under Article 2(1) of the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights,States undertake three primary obligations,namely "obligations of progressive realization," "obligations of non-retrogression" and "obligations to the maximum available resources." In a domestic constitutional setting,it has been firmly established that protection of economic,social and cultural rights is unavoidably linked to all kinds of economic resources,this so-called "resource-dependence dilemma" has posed serious constitutional challenges to fulfilling our commitments to human rights.It is therefore not only useful but also necessary to transform the three primary legal obligations under ICESCR into specific and concrete fiscal obligations.This article provides three approaches for a systematic construction of a financial analysis of economic,social and cultural rights protection.First,States should identify all the available revenues in a democratic process.Second,the budget allocation of economic resources per se is a matter of allocative justice,and State legislatures must act in a way that meets the essential requirements of allocative justice.Lastly,States are bound by certain legal principles to deal with reasonable budget expenditure,and this is the primary obligation for the executive.Based on intensive international comparisons of selected jurisdictions and China's rights realities,this article proposes bifurcated solutions for China 's constitutional protection of economic,social and cultural rights both on horizontal and vertical levels regarding its ongoing fiscal reforms.     

检察机关职务犯罪侦查工作新挑战——谈刑诉法修订后存在的问题与对策

从司法实践者的视角,通过分析新刑诉法的修订对检察机关职务犯罪侦查工作的影响,阐述了司法实践中存在的初查制度落后、侦查方式单一、侦查协调不畅、人权保障条款容易被滥用等现实问题,并提出了相应的解决对策和建议。     

论死缓制度的法律适用

死刑缓期执行（简称＂死缓＂）,是我国独创的刑罚制度,是我国关于人权保护在刑法上的体现。目前,在世界范围内废除死刑的呼声日益高涨,而我国的现实状况却不允许我国废除死刑。死缓制度的确立可以从根本上减少我国死刑的适用率,缩小死刑的适用范围,与国际立法趋势相同。死缓制度作为我国独创的刑罚制度,在社会上既起到威慑作用,又有利于保护人权,是符合我国法制要求的制度。为了更好地适用死缓制度,我们必须从根本上把握死缓的适用标准以及适用的法律后果,保证死缓制度的正确适用。本文将从这两方面对死缓制度的适用作出论证,希望可以为完善死缓制度,为其在现实中的适用起到提示作用。     

被追诉人合法权益保障的考察——从人权的角度

人权问题一直是国际社会关注的焦点,正慢慢渗透到社会的方方面面,保障人权已是大势所趋。我国也在为保护和发展人权做出各种努力:刑事诉讼法把人权保障作为直接目的之一,加强了对被追诉人的人权保障,我国的刑事诉讼制度得到一定程度的完善。然而,同其他国家的做法及联合国刑事司法准则的规定相比,我国对被追诉人的合法权益的保障仍存在一些明显的缺陷,需要进一步完善。     

From the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings——The Past,Present, and Future of International Human Rights Protection

The UN Charter first of all affirmed the basic concept of international protection of human rights and opened up a broad space for international protection of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important document in the development of the international human rights cause. It established a set of international standards for basic human rights, represents the world's most important consensus on human rights, and contributes greatly to the creation of an international human rights legal system. The important theory put forward by President Xi Jinping to build a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings, as a Chinese program for today s global major issues, also outlines a new blueprint for national human rights protection and will play a major role in promoting the development of China's human rights and international human rights protection.     

论未成年人财产权利的法律保护

我国立法对未成年人财产权利的保护主要是通过宪法、普通法及特别法三个层面实现的,但由于主要担负保护未成年人财产权利的民事法律存在的不足,导致了实践中对涉及未成年人财产权利的事件的处理不力。鉴于此,有必要通过在婚姻法中设立亲权制度以及完善《民法通则》中的监护制度来改变法律对未成年人财产权利保护不力的现状。     

China and the International Human Rights System: From Passive Participation to Value Practice

China's participation in the international human rights system is mainly attributed to China's reform and opening-up since1978.The most important influence of the international human rights system on China is the change of the Chinese government's governing philosophy,the awakening of domestic people 's rights awareness,the popularization and deepening of human rights concept and human rights awareness.However,China's participation in the international human rights system is not completely passive.China's participation in the international human rights system is both a strategic issue and an inevitable result of domestic political choice.It reflects China's understanding of human rights from a formal recognition to a major change in value recognition.There is a process of mutual influence,interaction and mutual recognition between China and the international human rights system.While learning and internalizing existing international human rights norms,and adjusting its behaviors with existing international human rights norms,China is also affecting the evolution of the international human rights system with its human rights stance,human rights views and its capabilities of continuous growth.     

现行刑法对劳动权保护的不足及完善

劳动权在现实中被侵害的现象非常严重,现行刑法对劳动权的保护在范围、犯罪主体、惩罚措施等方面均有不足之处。通过刑法修正案的形式在刑法中设立专门篇章,内容上增设罪名、增设危险犯、加大单位犯罪和罚金刑的适用．可以更好地保护劳动权。     

论刑事被害人的过错——以聚众斗殴罪为视角

在侵犯人身权利的案件中,犯罪的发生一般是源于犯罪人和被害人相互作用的结果,但我国刑法以犯罪人为中心,被害人过错在定罪量刑的过程中常常被忽视。对于以犯罪人和国家的二元结构模式,不利于犯罪人权利的保障。因此,司法机关在处理聚众斗殴的案件中很少考虑被害人是否有诱发和促进犯罪的发生。在聚众斗殴过案件中,一旦出出现有刑事被害人死亡的情形,司法机关通常按照刑法292条中的规定,以刑法232条故意杀人罪对犯罪行为人进行定罪量刑。鉴此,有必要将被害人的过错纳入聚众斗殴罪之定罪量刑中,按照主客观相一致的原则对犯罪行为人进行归罪惩处。     

Connection Between Policies and Laws on Human Rights Protection:Case Study of the National Human Rights Action Plans

China's National Human Rights Action Plans connect policies and laws on human rights protection in terms of ideas,procedures,and contents.The functions of the connections are the guidance to local policymaking,the promise of state commitment,and the linkage to international human rights goals.At the practical level,the enhancement of the connection between policies and laws will promote the effectiveness of human rights protection.In order to improve the rationality of human rights policies,there should be more researches on National Human Rights Action Plans,and more public participation in the process of the Plan drafting.     

我国技术侦查措施存在的问题及完善建议

新修改的《刑事诉讼法》对技术侦查措施作了较多、较明确的规定,是我国证据法治、侦查法治建设取得的重大成就,推动了我国技术侦查制度的法治化进程,对于有力地打击犯罪,有效地保障人权具有重要的现实意义。但是,现行《刑事诉讼法》关于技术侦查措施的规定也存在很多问题,如概念模糊、种类不确定、适用范围不清、适用条件宽松、证据材料使用不科学等,在司法实务操作中易导致技术侦查权的滥用,无法保障公民的基本权利。因此,需要明确技术侦查措施的种类,规范技术侦查措施的审批程序,严格控制采用技术侦查手段的期限;规定技术侦查措施合理的适用范围,明确技术侦查措施的实施主体;并采取有效措施,在保密的同时保证辩方的知悉权、质询权,从而使我国的技术侦查措施予以完善。     

谈刑事诉讼法应需完善的几个问题

我国现行的刑事诉讼法受其制定时的历史条件的限制,加之我国的法律制度不健全,本身存在一些不足。这些不足在司法实践中逐渐显露出来。由于现行的刑事诉讼法对公、检、法三机关在执行刑诉法时规定的不具体,公、检、法三机关为规范自己部门的执法,又各自制定了自己部门的办案规定,而这些部门规范的不一致,使得公、检、法三机关在执行刑事诉讼法时出现了不协调的情况。因此,有必要对现行的刑事诉讼法进行修改完善。     

逮捕必要性审查模式探究

2013年1月1日正式施行的《关于修改<中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法>的决定》细化了逮捕措施的适用条件,强调了逮捕必要性审查的重要性,有利于保证诉讼程序的顺利进行,也有利于保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权利。但是在司法实践中,逮捕必要性审查仍存在证明标准缺失、外来人员犯罪之审查存在缺漏、考核机制不合理等问题。笔者就这些问题进行调查分析,提出相应的对策,以期新刑诉法有关逮捕必要性的规定发挥其应有的作用,把宽严相济刑事政策和保障人权的精神贯彻到批准逮捕工作中。     

浅析口供获取中的人权保障

在司法实践中,刑讯逼供、超期羁押等严重侵犯犯罪嫌疑人权益的违法现象屡禁不止,导致了不少冤假错案的发生,违背了构建和谐社会的基本要求。新刑事诉讼法的修改和施行,在严格规范了获取口供的同时,突出保障犯罪嫌疑人的权益。但在追求两者统一的目标过程中,依然存在着讯问观念、手段等固化的问题。因此,继续深探问题的根源,从转变诉讼观念和完善立法两个方面入手,剖析如何加强口供获取中的人权保障具有重要的现实意义。