美国国家情报战略的特征与演变趋势

美国拥有世界上最庞大的情报部门。2005年,美国情报部门实现了自1947年以来最大规模的跨机构整合,设立国家情报局长办公室,每4年出台新的情报战略报告。这一整合反映了美国情报战略的特征及变化。美国情报战略的演变不仅是其情报系统自身的变革,也是美国国内政治变化的一个缩影,体现了美国对权力分散化、网络化的新认识及战略目标与理念的变化。剖析美国情报战略报告,有助于深层把握美国情报战略思维及未来走向。     

美国联邦禁毒执法机构的演变及其影响力探析——从“联邦麻醉品局”到“联邦缉毒署”

美国毒品控制史可主要分为＂古典时期（Classic Era）＂与＂毒品战争（War on Drugs）＂时期①。＂联邦麻醉品局＂与＂联邦缉毒署＂则是这两个不同毒品控制时代的代表性执法机构,二者既有历史的连带性,又富有特殊的时代特色。不同时期的法理依据及其所处时代的美国内政外交因素在不同程度上左右了二者的地位与影响力变化。联邦禁毒执法机构的历史性演变,一方面显示了美国毒品控制的曲折进程,另一方面也展现了不同时期执法机构存在的必然性以及各自的能动作用。     

总体国家安全观下美国战略情报思想对我国反恐战略的启示

美国战略情报思想源于20世纪40年代,其中影响最大的是谢尔曼·肯特出版的专著《服务于美国世界政策的战略情报》。如今战略早已超出了传统军事战略的层面,战略定义的扩大使情报的定义摆脱了狭隘的军事情报观念。针对我国目前的反恐工作形势,该文从影响我国反恐战略制定的因素、总体国家安全观下对反恐战略提出的新要求等方面,论述了美国战略情报思想对我国反恐战略的启示,以期能为我国目前的反恐工作带来一些裨益。     

A Call for Help?: How Public School Principals’ Subjective Report of Institutional Weakness Relates to Disciplinary Incidents

ABSTRACT

Disciplinary incidents at U.S. public middle- and high-schools are a public policy concern. Although businesses popularly give credence to leaders’ subjective intelligence, principals’ reports of their schools’ strengths and weaknesses are questioned. To determine whether principals’ reports carry legitimacy as indicators of student offenses, the current study utilized a nationally representative survey of principals who reported on their sense of the institution and the number of disciplinary incidents in the past year (N = 1,872; replication cohort, N = 1,833). Findings showed that the more institutional shortcomings a principal endorsed, the higher total number of incidents occurred, even after controlling for institutional strength and several indicators of school crime. These findings have policy and intervention implications for improving student outcomes, and so would be of interest to funding agencies, school administrators, teachers, and parents.     

When Politics Trumps Facts

正The world gets tired of the U.S. ‘Wuhan lab leak' claim ‘They(the U.S.) have been saying that for almost a year. If there is real evidence, then it's the responsibility of the U.S. to share it," Marion Koopmans, a top virologist, told the BBC on May 27, when asked about her opinion on a recent U.S. report claiming it was "plausible" that the coronavirus had been leaked from a Wuhan lab.     

Trojan Horse Strategy

The U.S. interest in Hong Kong is not for residents' welfare but to prop up its own waning influence The new $900-billion relief package signed by U.S. President Donald Trump on December 27, 2020, designed to supplement the U.S. economy over the impact of the novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), is hardly straightforward in its purpose. It is being utilized as a vehicle for other things, which in fact have little to do with the virus or the U.S economy.     

CERTAINTY MUST BE RESTORED

China-U.S.energy cooperation has experienced a roller-coaster ride over the past few years.Which way will it head under Joe Biden?Mitchell F.Stanley,Chairman of the National Center for Sustainable Development(NCSD)in Washington,D.C.,shares his observations with Beijing Review reporter Tao Xing.This is an edited excerpt of the interview:Beijing Review:According to Forbes,the U.S.will become the world’s largest oil and gas exporter in the next few years.China is the world’s largest importer of crude oil,and the U.S.accounted for 7 percent of China’s imports through mid-September 2020,according to London-based market intelligence firm Vortexa Ltd.How can the two countries expand their energy cooperation?     

A Mad Mission

The pandemonium in coronavirus origins-tracing led by the U.S. intelligence community has culminated in a somewhat subdued ending. On October 29, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence released "a declassified assessment on the origins of COVID-19," said to be an update of its previous report issued in August. Nevertheless, the content proved basically the same as that of its predecessor, determining that "the inquiry remains inconclusive on the origins of COVID-19," while pointing the finger at China for not "sharing information."     

The Predicament of AUKUS To Southeast Asian Nations

正The leaders of three countries—President Joe Biden of the United States, Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Scott Morrison of Australia declared the establishment of a military alliance known as AUKUS—which stands for Australia, UK and U.S.—on September 15. Among the consensus reached within AUKUS is the allocation of nuclear-powered submarine technology from the U.S. to Australia. In addition,     

The Objectivity and Authenticity Illusion

正The U.S. regards Chinese news media outlets as part of a "propaganda machine" of the government because they are state-owned. On Twitter, almost all Chinese news agencies and journalists are labeled as "China state-affiliated media," implying their reports are neither true nor objective. The United States also argues that since its media is mostly privately held, they are "free" and "independent,"     

The Spying Scandal and Transatlantic Ties

正On May 30, a consortium of major European media outlets brought to light yet another spying scandal involving the United States' systematic and longterm espionage campaign against its closest European allies. According to a report following an internal investigation of the Danish Defense Intelligence Services(FE) completed in 2015, the U.S. National Security Agency(NSA), notorious for its mass global signals intelligence collection,     

谈香港警务情报工作的发展

香港警察迄今已有164年的历史,主要的职责是维持香港成为世界上最安全及稳定的地区之一。香港警察的工作效率及专业表现一直备受市民推许,并且在履行国际警务责任方面也同样享誉世界。历史上香港情报部门的职能主要是反恐怖活动、反间谍及搜集有关国家驻港机构和有组织犯罪社团的情报资料等。现在香港警方的刑事情报机构是各级警务部门的"神经中枢",统筹和指导各总区、警区开展情报工作。     

Let the Facts Speak

Inconclusive conclusions lead to inadmissible evidence on Xinjiang The U.S. State Department lawyers have concluded there’s no evidence to prove "genocide" in Xinjiang.The UK Parliament has decided it’s a job for the lawyers not the government.     

The Power of Pandemic Brainstorming

Global medical researchers are wasting no time in developing drugs and vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, and the latest research results unveiled by Chinese and U.S. researchers have given a further boost to public confidence in the joint battle against the virus. Zhang Linqi, a professor at Tsinghua University's School of Medicine, told the World Health Forum on November 20 that his team had jointly developed a cocktail therapy of monoclonal antibodies BRII-196 and BRII-198 that shows an efficacy rate of 78 percent in cutting hospitalizations and deaths among high-risk groups in late-stage clinical trials. The therapy is undergoing phase-Ⅲ clinical trials in seven countries, including the United States, Brazil and the Philippines.     

Characteristics of Homeless Women with Dependent Children

Abstract

Large community initiatives are a growing phenomenon both in the U.S. and worldwide. These initiatives address a wide variety of issues, including early childhood development, by integrating institutions such as schools, health agencies, and faith-based institutions that focus on separate but related aspects of community concern. A major challenge facing these initiatives is the competing demands of developing organizational capacity to promote effective programming while simultaneously delivering demonstrable results and accountability. Empowerment evaluation (Fetterman, Kaftarian, &; Wandersman, 1996) is an approach to evaluation and organizational capacity building that equips participants at all levels of an organization to pursue programming quality and results. This article describes and presents lessons learned from the development and implementation of a system of tools and processes, grounded in the principles of empowerment evaluation, designed to promote quality in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a statewide school readiness initiative. While these lessons are specifically applicable to community-based early childhood development initiatives, they are broadly applicable to initiatives fostering systems change through community development.     

Old Tricks,New Tracks

With 102 evidences of U.S. interference from five aspects, Fact Sheet: U.S. Interference in Hong Kong Affairs and Support for Anti-China,Destabilizing Forces, released by China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on September 24, is considered by experts to be a strong response to the U.S. bullying acts.     

地缘政治中的中美关系与台湾问题

台湾所处的地理位置决定了它在东亚-西太平洋地区的地缘政治与地缘战略中具有 特殊重要的意义。中美冷战时期,台湾成为美国遏制中国的地缘战略工具。随着中美关系的缓和, 台湾在该地区地缘政治中的重要性大幅下降。冷战结束以来,随着中美关系被美国的战略决策者 定位成战略上的竞争关系,台湾对美国而言的地缘战略价值再次上升。这正是台湾问题具有长期 性、复杂性的根本原因之一。     

Patient-centered psychiatric care for youth in foster care: a systematic and critical review

Youth in the U.S. foster care system are prescribed risky psychotropic medications at high rates. In response, state child welfare agencies have developed policies, yet there is little research to inform patient-centered care (PCC) approaches. To fill this gap, we aimed to identify (1) the perspectives of youth in or formerly in foster care and their caregivers and providers regarding how psychiatric care aligns or does not align with PCC, and (2) effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve PCC within this context. We conducted a systematic review of the literature based on PRISMA-P guidelines, searching four databases and gray literature. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria and quality appraisal benchmarks, none of which were interventions. We applied narrative synthesis techniques to six studies that described youth/former youth perspectives. They described a pervasive lack of knowledge, perceived little voice in decision-making, and described imbalanced power between patients and providers and weak therapeutic relationships, whereas feeling understood by providers and being provided autonomy in decisions were helpful. Systemic barriers also contributed to many concerns. We make a limited number of recommendations to leaders and policy-makers based on our synthesis, however, many critical research steps are needed.     

A Due Regard for Multilateralism

A World Trade Organization (WTO) arbitrator on January 26 ruled on the case of the United States—Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products From China, determining that China may impose trade retaliations against the U.S. with respect to trade in goods in the amount of$645 million annually given the U.S. failure to comply with a WTO ruling in force. China now urges the U.S. to take immediate action to right its wrongs in trade remedy investigations targeting China.