Components of the Solution-Based Casework Child Welfare Practice Model That Predict Positive Child Outcomes

While a number of studies have shown the efficacy of the solution-based casework (SBC) practice model for child welfare (e.g., Antle, Christensen, van Zyl, & Barbee, 2012 Antle, B. F., Christensen, D. N., van Zyl, M. A. & Barbee, A. P. (2012). The impact of the Solution Based Casework (SBC) practice model on federal outcomes in public child welfare. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36, 342–353.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the current analysis examines the top ranked behaviors in cases reaching outcomes of safety, permanency, and well-being in both high adherence and low adherence cases. Sixteen top behaviors seem to have the greatest impact on outcomes, all of which are key to the three major theoretical orientations utilized in SBC. Thus, these results not only narrow in on the key behaviors that drive success in the practice model, but also shows the utility of the theoretical underpinnings of the practice model.     

Implementing the Foundations of Learning Project: Considerations for Preschool Intervention Research

While studies have documented the importance of strong implementation in intervention studies (e.g., see Durlak & Dupre, 2008 Durlak , J. A. , & Dupre , E. P. ( 2008 ). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation . American Journal of Community Psychology , 41 , 327 – 350 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), more information is needed about how to ensure strong fidelity and quality of program implementation when delivering interventions under “real world conditions” and on a large scale. In this article, key lessons in implementing a demonstration and evaluation project known as the Foundations of Learning (FOL) demonstration are presented. Our discussion highlights several key components to the success of the project, including the building of effective coalitions before, and during, the delivery of the intervention to support the implementation process, as well as intensive, collaborative, and multilayered technical assistance provided as the intervention was delivered. Key lessons learned over the course of this project represent some that are highly consistent with prior research on this topic, as well as some that are unique, thus representing new areas for exploration in this burgeoning area of study.     

Conjoint Behavioral Consultation: Implementing a Tiered Home–School Partnership Model to Promote School Readiness

An ecological perspective to school readiness focuses on child and family readiness by enhancing the developmental contexts and relationships within which children reside (e.g., home environment, parent–child relationship, home–school relationships). The Getting Ready intervention is an ecological, relationally based, tiered intervention providing both universal and intensive services to children and families to promote child and family school readiness. Intensive level consultation services were provided via Conjoint Behavioral Consultation (CBC; Sheridan & Kratochwill, 1992 Sheridan , S. M. , & Kratochwill , T. R. ( 1992 ). Behavioral parent-teacher consultation: Conceptual and research considerations . Journal of School Psychology , 30 , 117 – 139 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2008 Sheridan , S. M. , & Kratochwill , T. R. ( 2008 ). Conjoint behavioral consultation: Promoting family-school connections and interventions () , 2nd ed. . New York , NY : Springer . [Google Scholar]). The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation and effects of CBC within the Getting Ready intervention to promote child and family school readiness. Keys to successful implementation of the CBC intervention and issues needing further investigation are discussed.     

China and the World Bank: how a partnership was built

The World Bank has played an important role in China's economic transformation since the late 1970s. China used the World Bank well and the Bank was responsive to China's needs. The Bank did not recommend early or comprehensive market liberalization or privatization, as it did in some other transition economies, but supported China's pragmatic—learning-by-doing—approach to economic reform. It pushed at the margin for critical institutional and policy reforms, presenting perspective based on international experience, while providing technical assistance in numerous areas, often through Bank-supported projects. As the Chinese gained expertise, confidence and access to international capital markets, the role of the Bank in China inevitably shrank. China now uses the Bank mainly for selective technical, institutional and conceptual innovations for development. China and the World Bank both gained from their interaction.

China and the World Bank: how a partnership was built

All authors

Pieter Bottelier

*^* Pieter Bottelier is Sr. Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), where he teaches several courses on China's economy. He served as Chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China from 1993 to 1997. Helpful comments from Steven Dunaway, Jessica Einhorn, Parvez Hasan, Bert Hofman, Nicholas Hope, Ercheng Hwa, Shahid Husain, Edwin Lim, Stephen McGurk, Anthony Saich, Douglas Scott, Jinlin Yang and Jiayi Zou are gratefully acknowledged. The author is responsible for possible remaining errors.View all notes     

5.

Economic change and political development in China: findings from a public opinion survey     

Yanlai Wang  Nicholas Rees  Bernadette Andreosso‐O'callaghan 《当代中国》2004,13(39):203-222

More than 20 years of economic reforms and opening up to the outside world have produced meaningful social, economic and political transformations in China. Have there been corresponding changes in the political–cultural orientations1 ‘Orientations’ here and thereafter refer to a broad range of beliefs, values, and assumptions that people hold about social and political life. Such orientations may be cognitive, affective, or evaluative. They are general in the sense that they may structure more specific attitudes or opinions. *?Yanlai Wang is a research associate at the Euro–Asia Centre; Nicholas Rees is Jean Monnet Professor of European Institutions and External Relations; and Bernadette Andreosso‐O'Callaghan is Jean Monnet Professor of Economics and Director, Euro–Asia Centre, all at the University of Limerick, Ireland. We would like to thank the University of Limerick for funding the 2000 survey. We would also like to thank Professor Andrew J. Nathan and Professor Tianjian Shi for the use of their survey questionnaire, Gary O'Brien and the two anonymous referees for their comments on the paper. View all notes of the Chinese public? This article examines some changes in orientations, based on the preliminary findings of an opinion survey conducted in China in 2000. The 2000 survey used an adapted form of a questionnaire used in a survey conducted in 1990 by Nathan and Shi. The evidence of the 2000 survey data suggests that the political–cultural orientations of the Chinese public are becoming more liberal and pro‐democratic as China's economy continues to grow, possibly providing the basis for a transition to some form of popular democracy.     

6.

Law Guanxi: MNCs,state actors,and legal reform in China     

SCOTT WILSON 《当代中国》2008,17(54):25-51

Since 1978, China has opened itself to foreign direct investment and has undertaken significant legal reform, especially in the area of international commercial arbitration. I analyze the roles that foreign actors and state officials have played in changing Chinese legal institutions such as the Chinese International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) and personal relations, or guanxi. 1 ^1. La guanxi is a Chinese expression, meaning ‘to pull strings (to get things done)’. View all notes Foreign investors, attorneys, and non-governmental organizations are helping China to adopt formal commercial arbitral institutions that follow international norms. In that sense, foreign actors are contributing to rule of law in China. Yet, foreign investors also attempt to use guanxi to get around central regulations, thereby contributing to informal legal institutions. The combination of guanxi and formal legal institutions follows a model of path dependent institutional change. I use the terms, ‘layering’ and ‘bricolage’ to elucidate the ways that actors combine existing institutions with new legal forms introduced by foreign investors, attorneys, and NGOs.     

7.

China's Fight Against Hiv/aids     

《当代中国》2008,17(54):85-106

Officially, there were 650,000 people living with HIV in China in 2005.1 ^?1. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China and World Health Organization, 2005 Update on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Response in China (Beijing: National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, China CDC, 24 January 2006), p. 1; State Council AIDS Working Committee Office/UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China (2004) (Beijing: State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, 1 December 2004). View all notes The Chinese government has pledged to keep the total under 1.5 million by 2010. The study argues that China must emphasize non-epidemiological factors as mutually-reinforcing factors sustaining the disease. The fight is entwined with profound economic and social transition. Government and civil society have engaged with the principles and agencies of global HIV/AIDS governance. But HIV intersects with normative regimes addressing issues of humane governance in the widest socio-economic and political sense. Based upon primary and secondary research, the study reviews the evidence of the HIV/AIDS challenge facing China, considers the nature and quality of the national response, and evaluates the relationship of global and national regimes.     

8.

Congress and China Policy: an analysis of China bills     

TAO XIE 《当代中国》2008,17(54):141-165

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of China bills introduced and passed in Congress in 1973–2005. Three important findings emerge. First, many more punitive China bills were introduced and passed in the House than in the Senate. Second, the two congressional parties agreed with each other most of the time on roll call votes related to China. Third, the major events in US–China relations largely determined the ebb and flow of China bills. Negative binomial regression analysis sheds further light on the dynamic of China policymaking on Capitol Hill. A Republican majority in the House facing off with a Democratic president brought about many more China bills. Also, there appears to be a significant gap between public opinion and congressional attitudes on China policy. Finally, the Tiananmen Incident has had a profound impact on Congress, making it much more active and punitive in China policy since then. I conclude the paper by briefly discussing the policy implications of my findings.

Only in the case of Communist China has the Congress played a major role over a long period of time to confine narrowly the president's means of maneuver.1 ^?1. Herbert N. Carroll, ‘The Congress and national security policy’, in David B. Truman, ed., The Congress and America's Failure (Englewood, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1965), p. 161. View all notes     

9.

Book reviews     

Baogaug He  Hui Wang  Dali L. Yang  Daniel B. Su  Jianhua Chen 《当代中国》1993,2(3):107-119

Gu Xin, Zhongguo qimeng de lishi tujing: wusifansi yu dangdai zhongguo de yishixingtai zhizheng [Historical Images of Chinese Enlightenment: May Fourth and Ideological Debates in Contemporary China] Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Hu Ping, Zhongguo minyun fansi [Retrospective on China's Democratic Movement]. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press, 1992.

Ruan Ming, Deng Xiaoping diguo [The Deng Xiaoping Empire]. Taipei: Shibao wenhua, 1992.

Zuofeng Wang, Zhongguo chongsheng zhilu — jidu minzhu zhuyi yu zhongguo wenhua [China's Way to Restoration — Christian Democracy and Chinese Culture], California: Bay‐Hi Desktop Publishing & Graphic Designing, Co., 1992.

Chen Pingyuan, Wang Shouchang, Wang Hui, ed., Xueren [The Scholar], Vols. I and II. Suzhou: Jiangsu wenyi chuban she. 1991, 570 pp; 1992, 546 pp.     

10.

The Fatal Politics of the PRC's Great Leap Famine: the preface to Tombstone     

Yang Jisheng 《当代中国》2010,19(66):755-776

     

11.

Book reviews     

Perry Link  Guocang Huan  Sheng‐tai Chang      Tian Chen 《当代中国》1992,1(1):113-128

Chen Kuide, ed., Zhongguo dalu dangdai wenhua bianqian (197801989) (Cultural change in Contemporary Mainland China, 1978–1989) Taibei: Guiguan, 1991. 278 + iv pp.

Yizi Chen. China: the Ten Years Reform and Democratic Movement in 1989. Pp. ix, 209, Taipei, Taiwan, Lianjing Press, 1990.

Wu Xiaomei et al., Zhongguo xiandai zuojia yu dongxifang wenhua [Modern Chinese Writers and Eastern and Western Cultures]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou daxue chubanshe, 1990. 272 pp. 2.12 Yuan.

Zhao Xueyong, Shen Congwen yu dongxifang wenhua [Shen Congwen and Eastern and Western Cultures]. Lanzhou daxue chubanshe, 1990. 226 pp. 1.75 yuan.

Zhongguo Waijiaoguan Huiylilu: Xin Zhongguo Waijiao Fengyun (Memoirs by China's Diplomats: Diplomatic Winds of New China). Edited by Waijiaobu Waijiaoshi Bianjishi (Editorial Office of Diplomatic History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Beijing: Shijie Zhishi chubanshe, 1990. 196 pp. 3.20 yuan

Zhao Wei, Zhao Ziyang zhuan (Biography of Zhao Ziyang)

Ruan Ming: Lishi Zhuanzedian Shangde Hu Yaobang (Hu Yaobang At the Turning Point of History), New Jersey: Global Cultural Publishing House, 1991     

12.

Book reviews     

Joseph Fewsmith  Dali L. Yang 《当代中国》1995,4(8):106-114

Tsou Tang, Ershi shiji Zhongguo Zhengzhi: Cong hongguan lishi yu weiguan xingdong jiaodu kan [Twentieth Century Chinese Politics: Viewed from the Perspective of Macro History and Micro Actions] (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1994).

Eric Harwit, China's Automobile Industry: Policies, Problems, and Prospects (Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1995).     

13.

Book reviews     

Stephen K. Ma  Min Chen  Weixing Hu  Guocang Huan  Xiao‐mu Li  Stephen B. Eigles 《当代中国》1993,2(2):93-109

Bo Yibo, Ruogan Zhongda Juece yu Shijian de Huigu (Reminiscences on Several Important Decisions and Events), Volume One. Zhonggong Zhongyang Dangxiao Chubanshe, 1991. 566 pp.

Xi Shu‐Guang, Shijie Xinjiegou (The New Structure of the World). Cheng Du: Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1992. 490 pp.

Pei Jianzhang, ed., Yanjiu Zhou Enlai‐Waijiao Sixiang he Shijian (Studies on Zhou Enlai: Diplomatic Thought and Practice), Beijing: Shijie Zhishi Press, 1989, 363pp.

>Ma Hong and Sun Shangqing ed., Zhongguo Jingji xinshi yu zhan wang: jingji baipi shu 1991–1992 (Economic Situation and Prospect of China: White Paper on the National Economy: 1991–1992), Beijing: Zhongguo fazhan chubanshe, 1992. 438+iv pp.

Yan Jia‐qi, Lianbang Zhongguo Gouxiang, (The Conception of a Federal China), Minbao Chuban She, Hong Kong, 1992, 153 pp.

Qi Mo (Xiu Haitao), ed., Xinquanwei zhuyi: duizhongguo weilai minyun de zhenlun (The Neo‐authoritarianism: Debates on China's Future) Taipei: Tangshan, 1991. 333+iv pp.

Li Jiaquan et al, Taiwan Zonglan (General Survey of Taiwan) Beijing: Zhongguo Youyi Publishing Co., 1991.

Zhu Yida, ed., Zhongguo renmin jiefangjun junguan shouche‐haijun fence (Officers’ Handbook of the People's Liberation Army‐Navy) Qingdao: Qingdao chubanshe, 1991 792+vi pp.     

14.

Book reviews     

George Hong  Zhaohui Hong 《当代中国》1994,3(6):99-103

Ye Qing and Lei Fang, Deng Xiaoping zai yijiuqiliu: Tiananmen shijian [Deng Xiaoping in 1976: Tiananmen Incident] (Shenyang: Chunfeng Wenyi Press, 1993), vol. 1, pp. 238.

Alain Peyrefitte, L'Empire Immobile ou Le Choc Des Mondes [The Immobile Empire or the Clash of the Worlds]. Translated by Wang Guoqing, ect. [Tingzhi de diguo‐liangge shijie de zhuangji] (Beijing: Sanliang Press, 1993), pp. 649.     

15.

Intersectional Disadvantage: Exploring Differences Between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Parents with Intellectual Disability in the New South Wales Child Protection System     

S. Collings  A. Dew  T. Gordon  M. Spencer  L. Dowse 《Journal of public child welfare》2018,12(2):170-189

Background: Parents with intellectual disability and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents are overrepresented in child removal but research has not explored the intersection of Aboriginality and intellectual disability in child protection.

Methods: A case file review of 45 parents with intellectual disability (n = 14 Aboriginal and n = 31 non-Aboriginal) engaged in care proceedings in New South Wales was undertaken. Parent and child demographics and investigation triggers and outcomes were compared.

Results: Aboriginal parents were significantly younger than non-Aboriginal parents at initiation of an investigation, twice as likely to be investigated due to concerns about parenting capacity, and more likely to have children removed than non-Aboriginal parents.

Conclusion: The intersection of Aboriginality and intellectual disability appears to increase the risk of negative encounters with child protection systems. Targeted support for young Aboriginal parents and greater disability awareness and cultural sensitivity by child welfare workers are needed.     

16.

Statement of Removal     

《Journal of school violence》2013,12(4):47-62

Abstract

The Editor and Publisher have removed this article for privacy reasons with the agreement of the author.

Article title: Dealing with a Schoolyard Bully     

17.

Book reviews     

Stephen K. Ma  Dali L. Yang  Min Chen  Sheng‐Tai Chang  Chen Jianhua 《当代中国》1994,3(5):96-109

Bo Yibo, Ruogan Zhongda Juece yu Shijian de Huigu (Reminiscences on Several Important Decisions and Events), Volume Two. Zhonggong Zhongyang Dangxiao Chubanshe, 1993. 567–1298 pp.

Li Honglin, Mingyun ‐ Li Honglin zizhuan (Fate ‐ the autobiography of Li Honglin) Taibei: Wentong tushu, 1993.

Jing Sheng, Yi Feng and Xin Ping, Haiwai Huaren Shiuejia Fajia Mijue (The Success Secrects of the Overseas Chinese Businessman) Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House, 1992, 266 pages.

Li Bulou, ed. Chongji yu sikao: Xifang sichao zai Zhongguo (Impact and Reflections: Western Ideologies in China). Wuhan: Hubei renmin chubanshe, 1991. 290 + 16 pp.

Jia Pingwa, Feidu [Ruined Capital]. Beijing, Beijing chuban she. 1993, p.518.     

18.

Endorsing the Exodus: how local leaders backed peasant migrations in 1980s Sichuan     

Erik Mobrand 《当代中国》2009,18(58):137-156

Discussions of migration in contemporary China often center on the distinctive institutions, especially household registration (hukou) regulations, which continue to limit the options of rural people in cities. This paper draws attention to how another part of the Chinese state has engaged migration: governments in communities of origin. Evidence from Sichuan in the 1980s reveals that local leaders authorized, facilitated, and even organized out-migration of villagers, at a time when Beijing gave scant indication of official approval of peasant migration. Local innovations to sanction migration built directly on the broader trend of rural cadres becoming increasingly responsive to local economic needs. The story of local government involvement in out-migration indicates that the relationship between migrants and the Chinese state has transformed fundamentally, even though formal institutions governing urban residence have changed minimally. As in other fields of social and economic life in China, authority over migration has fragmented.     

19.

Book review     

Yueh‐Ting Lee  Pingchao Zhu 《当代中国》1995,4(9):93-99

Bian Zheng‐xia, The Allied POWs during the Korean War. Beijing: People's Liberation Army Literature Press, 1994. Pp. 276.

Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician (translated by Tai Hung‐chao with the editorial assistance of Anne F. Thurston; forward by Andrew J. Nathan) (New York: Random House, 1994), 720 pp.     

20.

Can She Say No to Zhang Ailing? Detail,idealism and woman in Wang Anyi's fiction     

Jiwei Xiao 《当代中国》2008,17(56):513-528

This article is a study of aesthetic idealism that characterizes the fictional works written by the contemporary Chinese writer Wang Anyi during the 1990s. I start with a comparison of Wang Anyi with Zhang Ailing, arguing that Wang's ambivalence towards Zhang's aesthetics of details is translated into a dilemma the former faces in her own writing. On the one hand, Wang Anyi appreciates Zhang's passion for life's details. Wang's own works show a high penchant for details. On the other hand, Wang is critical of Zhang's aesthetic leap from the sensuous (detail) to the nihilistic (meaning). Wang's anxiety over the ultimate value of detail can be attributed to her ideological allegiance to a May Fourth leftist tradition as well as to her awareness of the derogatory association of detail with women's writing in China. So in what way can Wang Anyi say no to Zhang Ailing? How does she try to steer clear of the danger of ‘materialistic’ trivialization that she sees lurking in details? I observe that in Wang's fiction there is neither a full embrace of idealism nor a total rejection of detailed realism à la Zhang Ailing. Instead, Wang Anyi treasures the use of details as a signifying practice to embrace her idealism.

In her 1990s' fictional works, Wang Anyi's effort to circumvent the dichotomy between detail and idea is complicated by her attempt to use details to reconstruct pictures of the past. There are several aspects to this issue. First, although nostalgic details in Wang Anyi's ‘memory stories’ help to give expression to idealistic longings of the author, they also tend to conspire with the official ban on the discourse of the traumatic socialist past. Second, while details are regarded as important in sum total, they are actually relegated by the writer to a secondary place as mere constructing materials to serve the function of bringing out the larger idea. In terms of actual narration, the highly ‘authoritative’ voice often suppresses the depth of individual subjects in her fiction. Third, Wang's ambiguity with regards to details and ‘feminine materials’ affects her characterization of women. A reading of Wang's two fictional works, The Song of Everlasting Sorrow (Changhen ge) and Fu Ping (Fu Ping), demonstrates that the writer's instrumental approach tends to render female characters stranded between allegorical figures and individual subjects.     

Economic change and political development in China: findings from a public opinion survey

More than 20 years of economic reforms and opening up to the outside world have produced meaningful social, economic and political transformations in China. Have there been corresponding changes in the political–cultural orientations1 ‘Orientations’ here and thereafter refer to a broad range of beliefs, values, and assumptions that people hold about social and political life. Such orientations may be cognitive, affective, or evaluative. They are general in the sense that they may structure more specific attitudes or opinions. *?Yanlai Wang is a research associate at the Euro–Asia Centre; Nicholas Rees is Jean Monnet Professor of European Institutions and External Relations; and Bernadette Andreosso‐O'Callaghan is Jean Monnet Professor of Economics and Director, Euro–Asia Centre, all at the University of Limerick, Ireland. We would like to thank the University of Limerick for funding the 2000 survey. We would also like to thank Professor Andrew J. Nathan and Professor Tianjian Shi for the use of their survey questionnaire, Gary O'Brien and the two anonymous referees for their comments on the paper. View all notes of the Chinese public? This article examines some changes in orientations, based on the preliminary findings of an opinion survey conducted in China in 2000. The 2000 survey used an adapted form of a questionnaire used in a survey conducted in 1990 by Nathan and Shi. The evidence of the 2000 survey data suggests that the political–cultural orientations of the Chinese public are becoming more liberal and pro‐democratic as China's economy continues to grow, possibly providing the basis for a transition to some form of popular democracy.     

Law Guanxi: MNCs,state actors,and legal reform in China

Since 1978, China has opened itself to foreign direct investment and has undertaken significant legal reform, especially in the area of international commercial arbitration. I analyze the roles that foreign actors and state officials have played in changing Chinese legal institutions such as the Chinese International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) and personal relations, or guanxi. 1 ^1. La guanxi is a Chinese expression, meaning ‘to pull strings (to get things done)’. View all notes Foreign investors, attorneys, and non-governmental organizations are helping China to adopt formal commercial arbitral institutions that follow international norms. In that sense, foreign actors are contributing to rule of law in China. Yet, foreign investors also attempt to use guanxi to get around central regulations, thereby contributing to informal legal institutions. The combination of guanxi and formal legal institutions follows a model of path dependent institutional change. I use the terms, ‘layering’ and ‘bricolage’ to elucidate the ways that actors combine existing institutions with new legal forms introduced by foreign investors, attorneys, and NGOs.     

China's Fight Against Hiv/aids

Officially, there were 650,000 people living with HIV in China in 2005.1 ^?1. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China and World Health Organization, 2005 Update on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Response in China (Beijing: National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, China CDC, 24 January 2006), p. 1; State Council AIDS Working Committee Office/UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China (2004) (Beijing: State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, 1 December 2004). View all notes The Chinese government has pledged to keep the total under 1.5 million by 2010. The study argues that China must emphasize non-epidemiological factors as mutually-reinforcing factors sustaining the disease. The fight is entwined with profound economic and social transition. Government and civil society have engaged with the principles and agencies of global HIV/AIDS governance. But HIV intersects with normative regimes addressing issues of humane governance in the widest socio-economic and political sense. Based upon primary and secondary research, the study reviews the evidence of the HIV/AIDS challenge facing China, considers the nature and quality of the national response, and evaluates the relationship of global and national regimes.     

Congress and China Policy: an analysis of China bills

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of China bills introduced and passed in Congress in 1973–2005. Three important findings emerge. First, many more punitive China bills were introduced and passed in the House than in the Senate. Second, the two congressional parties agreed with each other most of the time on roll call votes related to China. Third, the major events in US–China relations largely determined the ebb and flow of China bills. Negative binomial regression analysis sheds further light on the dynamic of China policymaking on Capitol Hill. A Republican majority in the House facing off with a Democratic president brought about many more China bills. Also, there appears to be a significant gap between public opinion and congressional attitudes on China policy. Finally, the Tiananmen Incident has had a profound impact on Congress, making it much more active and punitive in China policy since then. I conclude the paper by briefly discussing the policy implications of my findings.

Only in the case of Communist China has the Congress played a major role over a long period of time to confine narrowly the president's means of maneuver.1 ^?1. Herbert N. Carroll, ‘The Congress and national security policy’, in David B. Truman, ed., The Congress and America's Failure (Englewood, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1965), p. 161. View all notes     

Book reviews

Gu Xin, Zhongguo qimeng de lishi tujing: wusifansi yu dangdai zhongguo de yishixingtai zhizheng [Historical Images of Chinese Enlightenment: May Fourth and Ideological Debates in Contemporary China] Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Hu Ping, Zhongguo minyun fansi [Retrospective on China's Democratic Movement]. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press, 1992.

Ruan Ming, Deng Xiaoping diguo [The Deng Xiaoping Empire]. Taipei: Shibao wenhua, 1992.

Zuofeng Wang, Zhongguo chongsheng zhilu — jidu minzhu zhuyi yu zhongguo wenhua [China's Way to Restoration — Christian Democracy and Chinese Culture], California: Bay‐Hi Desktop Publishing & Graphic Designing, Co., 1992.

Chen Pingyuan, Wang Shouchang, Wang Hui, ed., Xueren [The Scholar], Vols. I and II. Suzhou: Jiangsu wenyi chuban she. 1991, 570 pp; 1992, 546 pp.     

Book reviews

Chen Kuide, ed., Zhongguo dalu dangdai wenhua bianqian (197801989) (Cultural change in Contemporary Mainland China, 1978–1989) Taibei: Guiguan, 1991. 278 + iv pp.

Yizi Chen. China: the Ten Years Reform and Democratic Movement in 1989. Pp. ix, 209, Taipei, Taiwan, Lianjing Press, 1990.

Wu Xiaomei et al., Zhongguo xiandai zuojia yu dongxifang wenhua [Modern Chinese Writers and Eastern and Western Cultures]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou daxue chubanshe, 1990. 272 pp. 2.12 Yuan.

Zhao Xueyong, Shen Congwen yu dongxifang wenhua [Shen Congwen and Eastern and Western Cultures]. Lanzhou daxue chubanshe, 1990. 226 pp. 1.75 yuan.

Zhongguo Waijiaoguan Huiylilu: Xin Zhongguo Waijiao Fengyun (Memoirs by China's Diplomats: Diplomatic Winds of New China). Edited by Waijiaobu Waijiaoshi Bianjishi (Editorial Office of Diplomatic History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Beijing: Shijie Zhishi chubanshe, 1990. 196 pp. 3.20 yuan

Zhao Wei, Zhao Ziyang zhuan (Biography of Zhao Ziyang)

Ruan Ming: Lishi Zhuanzedian Shangde Hu Yaobang (Hu Yaobang At the Turning Point of History), New Jersey: Global Cultural Publishing House, 1991     

Book reviews

Tsou Tang, Ershi shiji Zhongguo Zhengzhi: Cong hongguan lishi yu weiguan xingdong jiaodu kan [Twentieth Century Chinese Politics: Viewed from the Perspective of Macro History and Micro Actions] (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1994).

Eric Harwit, China's Automobile Industry: Policies, Problems, and Prospects (Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1995).     

Book reviews

Bo Yibo, Ruogan Zhongda Juece yu Shijian de Huigu (Reminiscences on Several Important Decisions and Events), Volume One. Zhonggong Zhongyang Dangxiao Chubanshe, 1991. 566 pp.

Xi Shu‐Guang, Shijie Xinjiegou (The New Structure of the World). Cheng Du: Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1992. 490 pp.

Pei Jianzhang, ed., Yanjiu Zhou Enlai‐Waijiao Sixiang he Shijian (Studies on Zhou Enlai: Diplomatic Thought and Practice), Beijing: Shijie Zhishi Press, 1989, 363pp.

>Ma Hong and Sun Shangqing ed., Zhongguo Jingji xinshi yu zhan wang: jingji baipi shu 1991–1992 (Economic Situation and Prospect of China: White Paper on the National Economy: 1991–1992), Beijing: Zhongguo fazhan chubanshe, 1992. 438+iv pp.

Yan Jia‐qi, Lianbang Zhongguo Gouxiang, (The Conception of a Federal China), Minbao Chuban She, Hong Kong, 1992, 153 pp.

Qi Mo (Xiu Haitao), ed., Xinquanwei zhuyi: duizhongguo weilai minyun de zhenlun (The Neo‐authoritarianism: Debates on China's Future) Taipei: Tangshan, 1991. 333+iv pp.

Li Jiaquan et al, Taiwan Zonglan (General Survey of Taiwan) Beijing: Zhongguo Youyi Publishing Co., 1991.

Zhu Yida, ed., Zhongguo renmin jiefangjun junguan shouche‐haijun fence (Officers’ Handbook of the People's Liberation Army‐Navy) Qingdao: Qingdao chubanshe, 1991 792+vi pp.     

Book reviews

Ye Qing and Lei Fang, Deng Xiaoping zai yijiuqiliu: Tiananmen shijian [Deng Xiaoping in 1976: Tiananmen Incident] (Shenyang: Chunfeng Wenyi Press, 1993), vol. 1, pp. 238.

Alain Peyrefitte, L'Empire Immobile ou Le Choc Des Mondes [The Immobile Empire or the Clash of the Worlds]. Translated by Wang Guoqing, ect. [Tingzhi de diguo‐liangge shijie de zhuangji] (Beijing: Sanliang Press, 1993), pp. 649.     

Intersectional Disadvantage: Exploring Differences Between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Parents with Intellectual Disability in the New South Wales Child Protection System

Background: Parents with intellectual disability and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents are overrepresented in child removal but research has not explored the intersection of Aboriginality and intellectual disability in child protection.

Methods: A case file review of 45 parents with intellectual disability (n = 14 Aboriginal and n = 31 non-Aboriginal) engaged in care proceedings in New South Wales was undertaken. Parent and child demographics and investigation triggers and outcomes were compared.

Results: Aboriginal parents were significantly younger than non-Aboriginal parents at initiation of an investigation, twice as likely to be investigated due to concerns about parenting capacity, and more likely to have children removed than non-Aboriginal parents.

Conclusion: The intersection of Aboriginality and intellectual disability appears to increase the risk of negative encounters with child protection systems. Targeted support for young Aboriginal parents and greater disability awareness and cultural sensitivity by child welfare workers are needed.     

Statement of Removal

Abstract

The Editor and Publisher have removed this article for privacy reasons with the agreement of the author.

Article title: Dealing with a Schoolyard Bully     

Book reviews

Bo Yibo, Ruogan Zhongda Juece yu Shijian de Huigu (Reminiscences on Several Important Decisions and Events), Volume Two. Zhonggong Zhongyang Dangxiao Chubanshe, 1993. 567–1298 pp.

Li Honglin, Mingyun ‐ Li Honglin zizhuan (Fate ‐ the autobiography of Li Honglin) Taibei: Wentong tushu, 1993.

Jing Sheng, Yi Feng and Xin Ping, Haiwai Huaren Shiuejia Fajia Mijue (The Success Secrects of the Overseas Chinese Businessman) Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House, 1992, 266 pages.

Li Bulou, ed. Chongji yu sikao: Xifang sichao zai Zhongguo (Impact and Reflections: Western Ideologies in China). Wuhan: Hubei renmin chubanshe, 1991. 290 + 16 pp.

Jia Pingwa, Feidu [Ruined Capital]. Beijing, Beijing chuban she. 1993, p.518.     

Endorsing the Exodus: how local leaders backed peasant migrations in 1980s Sichuan

Discussions of migration in contemporary China often center on the distinctive institutions, especially household registration (hukou) regulations, which continue to limit the options of rural people in cities. This paper draws attention to how another part of the Chinese state has engaged migration: governments in communities of origin. Evidence from Sichuan in the 1980s reveals that local leaders authorized, facilitated, and even organized out-migration of villagers, at a time when Beijing gave scant indication of official approval of peasant migration. Local innovations to sanction migration built directly on the broader trend of rural cadres becoming increasingly responsive to local economic needs. The story of local government involvement in out-migration indicates that the relationship between migrants and the Chinese state has transformed fundamentally, even though formal institutions governing urban residence have changed minimally. As in other fields of social and economic life in China, authority over migration has fragmented.     

Book review

Bian Zheng‐xia, The Allied POWs during the Korean War. Beijing: People's Liberation Army Literature Press, 1994. Pp. 276.

Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician (translated by Tai Hung‐chao with the editorial assistance of Anne F. Thurston; forward by Andrew J. Nathan) (New York: Random House, 1994), 720 pp.     

Can She Say No to Zhang Ailing? Detail,idealism and woman in Wang Anyi's fiction

This article is a study of aesthetic idealism that characterizes the fictional works written by the contemporary Chinese writer Wang Anyi during the 1990s. I start with a comparison of Wang Anyi with Zhang Ailing, arguing that Wang's ambivalence towards Zhang's aesthetics of details is translated into a dilemma the former faces in her own writing. On the one hand, Wang Anyi appreciates Zhang's passion for life's details. Wang's own works show a high penchant for details. On the other hand, Wang is critical of Zhang's aesthetic leap from the sensuous (detail) to the nihilistic (meaning). Wang's anxiety over the ultimate value of detail can be attributed to her ideological allegiance to a May Fourth leftist tradition as well as to her awareness of the derogatory association of detail with women's writing in China. So in what way can Wang Anyi say no to Zhang Ailing? How does she try to steer clear of the danger of ‘materialistic’ trivialization that she sees lurking in details? I observe that in Wang's fiction there is neither a full embrace of idealism nor a total rejection of detailed realism à la Zhang Ailing. Instead, Wang Anyi treasures the use of details as a signifying practice to embrace her idealism.

In her 1990s' fictional works, Wang Anyi's effort to circumvent the dichotomy between detail and idea is complicated by her attempt to use details to reconstruct pictures of the past. There are several aspects to this issue. First, although nostalgic details in Wang Anyi's ‘memory stories’ help to give expression to idealistic longings of the author, they also tend to conspire with the official ban on the discourse of the traumatic socialist past. Second, while details are regarded as important in sum total, they are actually relegated by the writer to a secondary place as mere constructing materials to serve the function of bringing out the larger idea. In terms of actual narration, the highly ‘authoritative’ voice often suppresses the depth of individual subjects in her fiction. Third, Wang's ambiguity with regards to details and ‘feminine materials’ affects her characterization of women. A reading of Wang's two fictional works, The Song of Everlasting Sorrow (Changhen ge) and Fu Ping (Fu Ping), demonstrates that the writer's instrumental approach tends to render female characters stranded between allegorical figures and individual subjects.