独联体内部冒出新山头

今年5月22-23日,由乌克兰、格鲁吉亚、摩尔多瓦、阿塞拜疆4国组建的"古阿姆"组织在乌克兰首都基辅召开首脑会议,决定将"古阿姆"由非正式地区组织提升为国际性组织,并更名为"古阿姆民主与经济发展组织".这一组织的成立表明独联体内部新的山头形成,分裂趋势进一步加强.     

"古阿姆"集团的演变及其对独联体的影响

"古阿姆"集团是独联体框架内以乌克兰为首且横跨独联体三个地域(中亚、高加索、欧洲地区)的地区组织.该组织曾一度偃旗息鼓,但自独联体发生"颜色"革命以来,在美国的扶持下重整旗鼓,并于2006年5月23日更名为"民主和经济发展组织--古阿姆".该集团的重新崛起加速了独联体地区的地缘政治分化进程和经济非一体化进程,并催生俄罗斯新的独联体政策.     

"色彩革命"与独联体未来走势

"色彩革命"是继苏联解体后原苏联国家确立新国家身份的延续.如果说苏联解体解决了这些国家"离开谁"的问题,那么"色彩革命"将解决"靠近谁"的问题.当前,独联体国家发生"色彩革命"的可能性依然存在,格鲁吉亚和乌克兰酝酿成立"民主选择联盟","古阿姆联盟"欲东山再起.俄罗斯维系独联体的手段有限、政策有误,独联体未来发展将面临一系列严峻挑战.     

独联体地区非政府组织

自20世纪90年代初以来，独联体国家进入了深刻而持久的社会转型过程中，与之相随，独联体地区的非政府组织如雨后春笋般迅速发展壮大，并对独联体的社会转型产生了深刻的影响。     

俄罗斯的独联体政策及其走势

独联体对俄罗斯而言,具有战略屏障和战略借重的双重作用,也是俄国家振兴的依托条件之一。但因俄独联体政策有诸多失当、新独立国家自主意识增强,以及美国和西方采取诱压结合的方式分化独联体,目前独联体处于四分五裂中,俄与独联体其他成员国间关系总体呈纷争多于合作态势。经历了各式“颜色革命”的独联体未来内部矛盾还将扩大,俄与美国及西方在争夺后苏联战略空间的较量中谁是最后的赢家,尚需观察。     

独联体地区安全结构分析

独联体地区安全问题具有较强的学理性和现实意义,但学术界尚缺少系统性研究,特别是对独联体地区安全的结构性研究①.本文以主权国家和区域性组织为分析视角,通过对其在独联体地区安全系统中的权力分配及其互动模式的分析,阐释独联体地区安全结构的主要特征.本文认为以主权国家为分析单元,独联体地区形成了以俄罗斯为核心的"伞"状安全结构...     

"颜色革命"对独联体的冲击和影响

“颜色革命”除了给相关国家政局造成不稳定外,还给整个独联体带来冲击。它动摇了独联体的生存根基,加剧了俄美在该地区的争夺,从而使地区局势产生动荡。由于历史上形成的独联体成员国之间难以割断的经济联系、相互依赖的政治与安全关系以及共同的文化价值观念等因素,独联体仍有生存的基础。     

俄独联体政策新调整及其前景分析

近年来,面临美欧对独联体地区的渗透和独联体国家对俄罗斯的离心倾向,俄正积极调整其独联体政策,以期反击西方的进攻和压力。展望独联体地区未来形势,俄美争夺将更趋激烈,独联体内分化趋势加速。中俄两国也可能因独联体的形势变化出现新的合作领域。     

独联体经济一体化十年评析

独联体经济一体化已经走过10年的历程.在经济全球化和地区化蓬勃发展的大背景下,独联体的经济一体化似乎是一个逆向发展的进程:虽然经济一体化的基本方向早已确定,但"独"与"联"始终是它的一对基本矛盾,迄今为止,独联体经济一体化未能取得预想的成果.目前独联体经济一体化仍存在深化的内在机制,外部的合作尚无法取代内部的合作,在独联体框架内各成员国进行经济合作的必然性将长期存在,但那种力图在最短时间内按照市场规则在新的基础上重塑各国经济关系的做法已被证明是不现实的.在可预见的未来,仍将是核心国家的深化和总体一体化相结合,双边合作仍被视为比多边一体化更为有效,微观一体化将比宏观一体化更为广泛采纳,形成多水平、多速度的"多层一体化"局面.     

独联体国家如何应对“颜色革命”

2003年以来,格鲁吉亚、乌克兰、吉尔吉斯斯坦等国先后爆发了以"民主"为口号,以"街头政治"为特征的一系列"色彩革命".如果说格鲁吉亚发生"玫瑰革命"时,独联体各国还将其视为"偶然性的"个案,那么从乌克兰的"橙色革命"开始,尤其是在乌兹别克斯坦"安集延"事件之后,未变色的独联体国家开始审时度势,纷纷将防止发生颜色革命和维护政权稳定视为头等大事,在政治、经济、立法、舆论、外交等方面采取了一系列预防性措施.     

Terrorism,counter-terrorism,and critique: opportunities,examples, and implications

This article explores the parameters, value and limitations of different critical strategies for those dissatisfied with the contemporary politics of terror. It argues, first, that the prominent (counter-)terrorism paradigm – in which terrorism is approached as a ubiquitous and very specific security challenge meriting appropriately exceptional responses – is far more critiqued than we might anticipate. And, second, that such critiques – which can be found across political language, popular culture, everyday life, and beyond – employ distinct critical resources to serve varying ends. Reflecting on these, the article offers a new heuristic distinguishing five critical strategies which seek to: (i) repudiate; (ii) question; (iii) subvert; (iv) replace, or (v) deconstruct the prominent counter-terrorism paradigm. This typology, it argues, offers scope for optimism and strategic resources for those attracted to a critical terrorism studies project going forward.     

Population, Prophets, Pensions, and Politics

As immigrant populations in Western welfare states grow at a faster rate than the native populations, whose birthrates have declined dramatically in recent years, Europe's tradition of democracy and tolerance is threatened. The reasons for the birthrate decline and the resultant aging of the native population are many and complex, but one important contributing factor is the pay-as-you-go pension system, which reduces people's immediate dependence on children. Moreover, the payroll and social security taxes that support the welfare state reduce the earnings capacity of men and women of the traditional age for having children, thus pushing down the birthrate. It is time to consider whether modern Europe's small-size families and high pensions are sustainable     

Indigeneity,Ethnicity, and the State: Australia,Fiji, and New Zealand

This article draws on the politics of indigeneity to distinguish the claims of first occupancy from simple ethnic identity politics, illustrating that relative political marginalization in Australasia is not so much a function of minority status but of indigeneity itself. The politics of indigeneity's aim is to create political space for self-determination and a particular indigenous share in the sovereign authority of the nation-state itself. The Australasian states are compared with Fiji to demonstrate that the significance of historical constraints on political authority transcend the withdrawal of a colonial power and the restoration of collective indigenous majority population status.     

The roles of,and relationships between,expatriates, volunteers,and local development workers

This article reports on exploratory research based on interviews with expatriate and local aid workers employed by local and international NGOs in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Thematic analysis of the interviews found that personnel were placed in groups based on their job category – consultant, volunteer, or permanent staff – regardless of experience. These categories logically reflect each worker's pay level, purpose, and role, but they may also have an implicit power meaning which reinforces group differences and inhibits inter-group relationships. Relationship building was reported to be the most important factor contributing to the success of capacity-development initiatives. Four sub-themes were identified: communication, friendship, reciprocal learning/teaching, and confidence.     

Negotiation,politics, and management

Book reviews in this article:
Samuel B. Bacharach and Edward J. Lawler , Power and Politics in Organizations: The Social Psychology of Conflict, Coalitions, and Bargaining .
Max H. Bazerman and Roy J. Lewicki , eds., Negotiating in Organizations .
Jeffrey Pfeffer , Power in Organizations .     

Privatisation,multinationals, and corruption

Recent initiatives from the OECD, the World Bank, and others on the subject of corruption have received widespread attention. However, the author argues that the incidence of corruption is closely connected with contracting-out, concessions, and privatisation, where multinationals based in OECD countries stand to gain profitable business. The encouragement of privatisation by the World Bank, and the economic benefit to OECD multinationals from this business, mean that action against corruption needs to involve effective sanctions by developing countries against multinationals which engage in corrupt practices; greater political transparency to remove the secrecy under which corruption flourishes; and resistance to the uncritical extension of privatisation. This article looks at empirical evidence on this subject.