权利政治：国际政治的现代性转化

世界大变局背景下大国博弈加剧，国际政治在权力政治的道德困境与道德政治的权力困境中越陷越深。国际政治陷入思维困境的一个重要原因是人们长期以来混淆了前现代国际关系和现代国际关系的本质差异，即前者是权力政治，后者是权利政治。权利政治是现代社会的产物，是推动国际政治发生现代性转变的强劲动力，这在国际关系史和政治思想史中得到充分证明。以威斯特伐利亚和约为标志，17世纪是国际政治从前现代转向现代的历史分野。威斯特伐利亚体系将现代性价值观和权利观注入国际政治，围绕国家主权构建起一个现代国际法体系，确立了现代国家主权的合法性、权力边界和主权间平等关系，塑造了一个基于契约关系的国际权利政治社会。权利政治被注入国际政治后，权力的滥用和野蛮生长受到越来越多的制约，国际政治生态逐步从野蛮走向文明。同时，权利政治也使国际政治变得更加复杂，价值观和意识形态因素在国际关系中的影响力上升，国际冲突越来越多地表现为权利冲突，权利冲突可能转化为权力冲突，权利包装下亦可能隐藏新型强权政治。权利政治为超越当前国际政治的思维困境提供了出路，也体现了当代国际政治学科的理论突破方向。     

浅析韩国的政治民主化

自1961年朴正熙发动军事政变以来，韩国一直由军人出身的总统掌握政权。直到80年代末，韩国最终实现了权威主义政治向现代民主化政治的转型。韩国政治民主化的主要原因是：经济的发展促进了社会结构的分化，为民主政治奠定了坚实的社会基础；教育水平的提高孕育了民主政治文化，为民主政治奠定了坚实的文化和心理基础；威权政体内在价值的缺失及其合法性日渐衰退；国际环境的变化也使威权政体丧失了外部支持。韩国政治转型的启示是：发展中国家的政治体制改革必须与经济体制改革相适应，必须建立和发展适合自己的民主政治形式。     

经济安全与和平发展——日本的安全观与发展观评析

经济安全是政治安全的基础与核心，在全球化时代，和平发展是经济安全的根本保障。近现代的日本曾因崇尚军国主义，将军事安全视为国家政治安全而穷兵黩武，几近亡国灭种；战后则因走和平发展道路，创造了经济奇迹而重拾民族自尊。冷战后，日本似乎无意抓住经济立国和政治独立发展的机遏。在安全意识上故态复萌，欲通过强军而成为政治大国。因此，能否尽快奠定理性的安全观与发展观成为日本国家命运的重要选择。     

当代俄罗斯公民参政的历程与特点

现代政治的发展目标是提高公民的政治参与水平，实现公民广泛加入与政府间的互动与合作，以推进本国民主政治和现代化的进程。苏联解体以来，俄罗斯公民的政治参与随着俄现代化和民主化的推进得到逐步扩展和深化，虽然目前仍处在较低的水平，且具有明显的政府主导的特征，但其基础较厚，发展空间看好。     

中东民族主义：政治合法性基础与危机

中东民族主义的政治合法性主要源自4个方面首先，反帝反殖的历史使命是其基本的政治资源；其次，源自西方的现代民族主义为它提供了基本的理论基础；第三，伊斯兰教为其提供了传统文化底蕴；第四，领袖者个人魅力构成它的独特成份。然而，到70年代以后，中东民族主义的合法性危机日益显现出来，这主要表现在三个方面领袖魅力与政治制度化的矛盾；革命与国家建设的二律背反；来自伊斯兰的挑战。作者认为，尽管以强调民族国家认同为核心的国家民族主义在中东还很不成熟，但它具有长久的生命力。     

泰国政治格局转型中的利益冲突与城乡分化

2006年年初以来，泰国政局持续动荡。在泰国政治格局转型过程中，“反他信”派与“挺他信”派之争的实质在于政治利益的重新分配。前者是以军人、官僚、地方政客、城市中产阶级为核心的既得利益集团，要求重建“多党并立”格局；而后者则是以新兴产业集团与农村贫困民众为核心的政治联合，要求固守“一党优势”格局。长期以来泰国的发展失衡是引起城乡分化的根本原因。因此，如何构建各派政治力量都能接受的平衡利益格局，已成为化解此次政治危机，进一步完善泰国民主政治建设的关键所在。     

印度政治现代化发展历程探析

印度政治现代化经历了两个主要演进时期。从独立至20世纪70年代末，印度逐步确立了西方议会民主制的政治现代化模式，但也体现出某些东方威权体制的特征。20世纪70年代末至今，印度政治现代化模式经历了深刻的发展和变化，东方威权体制特征日渐削弱和消解，民主政治进入了新阶段，但传统宗教因素也被激活。印度政治现代化进程在传统与现代相互作用、延续与变革彼此交织中向前迈进。     

试析韩国的政治粉丝社团现象

以特定政治人为核心聚合起来的粉丝社团是韩国政党政治的新现象,在近十年的发展中对推动韩国政党政治发展发挥了重要作用。政治粉丝社团中,文化共享型与个人追随型社团政治色彩相对淡薄,而政党支援型、运动支援型等政治倾向型社团有着强烈的政治色彩,发挥着类政党的作用。年轻人的政治心理、政党有意推动、轰动效应、政治偏好、市民社会的发展是政治粉丝社团的成因。在政治生活中,这些社团发挥着宣传工具、党内制衡、代言工具和政治后备军的作用。同时,粉丝社团在发挥着政治"造星"功用的同时,也因过度竞争和论功行赏等试图影响政治的消极面而备受质疑。     

俄罗斯的政治现代化

苏联解体后，俄罗斯的转型实际上涉及原社会主义国家如何走向现代化、民主化以及如何融入当代世界等具有普遍意义的问题。“全面现代化”战略的提出与实施体现了俄罗斯对于这些问题的理论思考和有益探索。“全面现代化”与以往俄罗斯的发展战略相比，其本质区别不在于经济现代化，而在于政治现代化。政治现代化意味着打破现有的政治垄断，实现政治上的多元竞争。这样做可能破坏现有稳定，但不实行政治现代化又很难解决阻碍俄罗斯现代化进程中的腐败、官僚主义等问题，因此在俄罗斯执政集团内部存在不同意见。这种分歧已经对俄罗斯的政治生态产生了重要影响。俄罗斯政治现代化问题从本质上体现的是俄罗斯如何实现传统与现代的融合，如何实现民主化与国情的结合。     

国家主权、思想自立与发展权利——试论当代非洲国家建构的障碍及前景

由松散分割的传统部族社会,向统一聚合的现代主权国家过渡,是当代非洲国家政治发展的核心主题与基本目标。在此发展阶段上,非洲国家需要形成有效能的中央政府,且致力于国家的经济发展、政治稳定和民族融合,以国家力量来集中资源,动员民众,培植国家情感,追求发展目标。迄今,国家成长与民族融合这两大任务在许多非洲国家都没有真正完成。为此,非洲需要一种新的思想变革运动,从自身的现实需要来追求理解政治的意义,从经济的角度来把握政治的本质,以经济发展为中心来建设国家,维护国家主权,追求思想自立,方能最终实现国泰民安,富强稳定。在维护非洲国家主权、推进非洲国家成长方面,中国可以发挥更多建设性的作用。     

Engaging with the post-secular moment in post-9/11 Afghanistan: the search for a ‘humanist’ political discourse

9/11 and the subsequent war on terror in Afghanistan have severely challenged the idea of a world politics based on secular modernity. While the post-9/11 Afghan society remains troubled with the post-secular conflict between the so-called Islamic-terrorist and secular-democratic forces, the need for a ‘humanist’ political discourse that could pave the way for peace has become paramount. This paper explores the viability of ‘post-Islamism’ as an alternative humanist political discourse. It sets out to demonstrate how a post-Islamic humanist discourse, which is defined by the dialogic process of developing a hermeneutical understanding of Islamic philosophy, has the potential to not only carve the way for peace amidst perilous entanglement between politics and religion in post-secular Afghanistan, but also vindicate Islam of its unjustified denigration in the contemporary world.     

A New Game Needs a New System

Globalization has ushered in new political conditions and new political issues which goes beyond modernity. Internal politics and international politics, two political layers of the framework of modern political thinking, cannot effectively expound and solve political problems on the global scale, hence the need to introduce a global political analytical framework befitting the new global conditions. In contrast with modern political thinking which is based on the concept of hostile and competitive game, globalization has promoted universalization of knowledge, information and technology, and consequently symmetrical imitation of strategies will bring no gains but self-destruction. Moreover, with the high interdependency in economy and existence resulting from globalization, a new power, made up of global capital, shared technology and common media, is exerting its networked global dominance. This new power derives its authority not from its strength but from service, and its new power formula is: service is power. Thus the challenge for the global politics is not hostile competition but the optimization of co-existence. The new all-under heaven system, based on non-exclusive co-existence, holds the best chance to the resolution of political and economic problems on the global scale and world peace.     

当代哈萨克精英与社会转型

本文以哈萨克政治中的精英为研究对象,以历史脉络为线索,对哈萨克精英的形成过程、组成方式等进行分析,并探讨哈萨克社会转型与精英变迁之间的关系.在哈萨克汗国成立至今的五百多年间,哈萨克社会经历了两轮根本性的政治和社会转型,即苏维埃时期的社会主义化与独立后的资本主义化.而哈萨克精英则在此转型过程当中经历了三轮演变、两轮危机与...     

The Anglo-Protestant Basis of U.S. Foreign Policy

U.S. foreign policy thinking is based ultimately on the particular historical experience and cultural legacy of the American founding, and at the very base of that founding is the preeminence of Anglo-Protestantism. The religious heritage of the United States, a sixteenth century blend of a theological reformation and the rise of modernity in the Enlightenment, has endowed American politics with a predisposition for egalitarian, anti-hierarchical, and contractual forms, and that disposition applies as well to foreign affairs. The syntax, but not the content, of Anglo-Protestantism shapes basic attitudes particularly when political elites face crisis situations, but it is institutionalized in government and society at all levels. Six examples from the post-World War II period illustrate the case.     

Abe's Nationalism and His Policy Practice

Nationalism threatens to imbue modem Japan with a rationale for increased militarism.Post-war nationalism was a reason Japan had launched war abroad,but the reinvigoration of Japanese nationalism is burgeoning under two-term Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.His sense of nationalism,which has domestic and international repercussions,has developed under the influence of his family political genes.Abe's nationalism is being carried out in internal and external policies,with increasingly negative impact on domestic and regional order.The international community should remain vigilant of his right-wing politics.     

Towards a Decolonial Critical Political Economy of the Media: Some Initial Thoughts

Abstract

How the media are organised and funded has implications on who gets to speak and the stories that are told or silenced. The critical political economy of the media approach allows an understanding of the ideologies and power structures that influence media operations, ownership, and funding. Although the critical political economy of the media remains central in understanding these issues, the approach needs to be decolonised to address the dynamics of media power from the perspective of the global south. In this paper, we explore what the theoretical contributions of decoloniality can make to the project of rethinking political economy of the media. We argue that the critical political economy approach, whose core vocabulary is Marxist, contains inherent limitations in understanding conditions of media-state relations in Africa. Decolonial thought and its recent engagement with Marxism has produced new thinking and fresh ways of reflecting the relationship between Western capitalism and modernity. We contend that this approach allows us to foreground issues of modernity, coloniality, and race and their impact on contemporary media systems in Africa.     

Public brainpower: civil society and natural resource management,edited by Indra Overland

The relationship between political development theory and the dissemination of democracy is a curious one. In the period when political development theory was most influential, efforts to disseminate democracy throughout the Third World in line with its core values were notably unsuccessful. It later went into eclipse as a consequence of the failure of successive efforts at theory‐building, from functional, cultural and comparative historical perspectives respectively. Despite this double failure, its core ideas have re‐emerged as a dominant force in recent democratization literature. This article outlines the core ideas of the literature, in which conservative elitism rather than modernization theory provides the unifying thread. It then traces the failure of political development theory as theory in the 1960s and 1970s, and the emergence thereafter of a politics of pragmatism in which the core values of conservative elitism survive intact. Finally, it suggests some of the reasons for its renewed ascendancy.     

俄罗斯的“梅普组合”

"梅普组合"的出现与普京八年俄罗斯的形势发展具有密切关系.当前"梅普组合"权力运行机制已经正式形成,这标志着俄罗斯政治进入一个新时期.俄罗斯政局已经出现了一系列重要变化,并因此引起俄罗斯政治的新特点.普京总理掌握了俄罗斯的权力基础,但目前俄罗斯政治体制并没有发生实质性的变化."梅普组合"与俄罗斯政治稳定、政治文化与政治体制之间的关系值得深入探讨."梅普组合"的前景需要多角度审视,其中"统一俄罗斯"党在政权体系中的发展变化是重要观察点.     

论国际旅游与国家形象的塑造

在全球化和信息化的时代,国家形象作为软实力资源更加直接、有力地影响着国家的发展.国家之间的竞争已经从以往硬实力的竞争,发展到文化、形象等软实力的竞争.在这种背景下.旅游业以其巨大的人流、物流和文化流越来越多地成为展示国家形象,提高本地知名度和综合竞争力的重要舞台.