印度对外直接投资的特点、作用及对中国的启示

独立以来,印度便开始了对外直接投资经营活动,并从投资量、投资方式、区位分布、投资行业和投资主体等方面呈现出显著的印度特色。印度的对外直接投资既从多方面对其经济发展有明显的促进作用,也存在诸多亟待解决的问题。通过研究印度对外直接投资的特点和作用,对中国开展外向直接投资活动具有重大的启示意义。     

韩国跨国公司对华投资特点与趋势

韩国对华直接投资始于1978年中国实施改革开放政策之后。20世纪80年代中期前，由于韩国政府保持广泛的资本控制制度，韩国跨国公司对外直接投资发展较慢。80年代中后期，韩国政府逐渐放松对外直接投资控制，韩国跨国公司的对外直接投资才迅速发展，加之中韩两国1992年才建立外交关系，所以，韩国与其他国家和地区相比，在对华直接投资方面属于起步较晚的国家。     

促进中国对东盟直接投资的金融对策

一、发展中国家对外直接投资理论综述(一)产业优化升级理论。英国里丁大学坎特威尔认为,发展中国家跨国公司对外直接投资受其国内产业结构和内生技术创新能力的影     

全球金融危机对印度外向直接投资的影响

2008年金融危机以来，作为曾推动世界经济增长强劲动力的国际对外直接投资急剧下降。新兴经济体印度的外向直接投资也受到了严重的冲击。危机对印度外向直接投资主要形式的褐地投资在投资量、投资行业和投资区位等方面都产生了一系列的影响。导致印度对外直接投资下降的主要原因在于全球金融危机的连锁反应，而投资的恢复则依赖于国际国内经济形势的好转及市场条件的改善。     

论跨国公司的技术转移与印度汽车工业发展

跨国公司的直接投资不仅是弥补印度建设资金的重要来源,也是提高印度相关产业的技术水平、生产率和竞争力的重要选择,汽车工业就是一例。本文通过对跨国公司技术转移在印度汽车工业的作用分析,试图为国内汽车工业自主创新能力的培养提供一些参考。     

印度对外直接投资的发展

随着世界经济一体化的继续发展,全球的直接投资流量仍然呈现一股上升趋势。联合国贸易和发展会议公布一项最新调查结果,认为中国和印度等发展中国家将成为重要的对外投资国,发展中国家将在全球直接投资方面发挥越来越重要的作用。本文就以此为背景,对印度对外直接投资的发展状况及促进因素进行探讨。     

马来西亚华人农业跨国公司对外直接投资研究

华人跨国公司是当今世界经济中的新兴力量,本文分析马来西亚华人农业跨国公司的成长和对外直接投资的背景、特点,并就几家有代表性的企业进行研究,并总结华人农业跨国企业的不足、发展趋势及其对中国企业的启示。     

印度金融环境对其吸引外资及本土企业发展的影响——兼与中国比较

本文拟从金融环境的角度,分析印度经济发展中的两个明显特色:第一,吸引的外来直接投资远远少于外来间接投资(包括不带控制权的股权投资);第二,在经济发展过程中,涌现出一大批可与著名世界跨国公司相抗衡的本土高科技企业。本文认为,印度较为完善的银行体系和资本市场,便利了本土企业的融资,促成了印度外包业务和外来间接投资的盛行,也促进了本土企业的发展。     

日本跨国公司对俄罗斯直接投资的区位选择

跨国公司对外直接投资的区位选择至关重要。俄罗斯的区位优势主要集中在中部和西北部 ,以能源为中心的石油、天然气开发方面。日本对俄直接投资可分为三种类型。对俄直接投资企业面临着诸多制约因素 ,也积累了经验。在俄投资应选好区位、制定计划、从小规模投资开始 ,循序渐进 ,注意分散因俄投资环境不稳定所带来的风险     

印度对外直接投资的经验及对我国实施“走出去”战略的启示

近年来,印度作为新兴工业体国家,经济发展迅速.尤其值得一提的是,印度企业的国际化经营态势越来越强,对外直接投资呈迅速发展之势,取得了令人瞩目的成就,对外直接投资额从1995年的0.38亿美元迅速扩大到2007年的65亿美元,增长了171倍.     

A New Kind of Competition: How American Producers Respond to Incoming Foreign Direct Investment

Domestic producers in the U.S. have not lobbied for formal restrictions on incoming foreign direct investment in the same way that they have for import barriers, even though both types of foreign competition depress profits. At the same time, many U.S.-based multinational corporations, despite their global orientation, have put forth demands for government policies that favor American ownership. Domestically based producers have conflicting economic interests; they want protection against foreign competitors, against the possibility of retaliation, and against the perceived injuries sustained from investment restrictions abroad. Economic interests, then, lead to indeterminate predictions of how firms will respond to IFDI. Firms will only demand policies that they see as feasible (which depends on the presence of domestic institutions to channel demands and supply the policy output) and legitimate (which depends on how the policy accords with widely held norms regarding the proper role of the state). Understanding the domestic responses to globalization requires more research on the political, as well as economic, origins of policy demands.     

印度外资政策改革：历程、经验教训和启示——基于文献梳理视角解读

随着外资政策改革不断深化,印度外资政策问题受到国内外学者的广泛关注,相关文献也逐渐增多。本文从印度外资政策改革历程、印度利用外资的经验教训、印度外资政策对中国的启示等方面对印度外资政策改革的研究文献进行梳理,以期深度解读和预测印度外资利用情况。     

1990年代以来中印对外直接投资探析

中印正逐渐成为世界经济领域中日趋活跃的对外直接投资者。比较两国1990年代以来对外直接投资的现状及特点，分析两国在投资行业、区位选择、投资方式和投资主体等方面的差异，有利于我国企业在进行对外直接投资时做出更趋理性的判断。     

Contracting with Whom? The Differential Effects of Investment Treaties on FDI

Under what conditions can governments use international commitments such as Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) to attract foreign direct investment (FDI)? Although numerous studies have attempted to answer this question, none considers how investment treaties may have heterogeneous affects across industry. I argue BIT effect is strongest when the obsolescing bargaining problem between firms and governments is most protracted, namely, when FDI relies on strong contracts between firms and states. Using a time series cross-sectional data set of 114 developing countries from 1985 to 2011, I find BITs are associated with increases in infrastructure investment, an industry particularly reliant on the sanctity of government contracts, but not with total FDI inflows. Moreover, BITs with strong arbitration provisions display the strongest statistical effect on infrastructure investment, while BITs that do not provide investors with such protections are not associated with increased investment. My results have implications for both scholarship on the relationship between governments and multinational firms as well as for the study of international institutions more broadly. To properly ascertain the effects of international treaties and institutions, scholars should consider not just whether institutions constrain or inform—or matter at all—but also the extent to which the targets of institutions have heterogeneous responses to them.     

外国在印度市场上直接投资的现状分析及对中国的启示

一、印度的投资环境(一)外国对印度投资的有利条件1.印度是一个潜力巨大的市场。印度人口10亿 ,是世界上人口仅次于我国的发展中国家 ,GDP达5200亿美元 ,人均GDP为504美元 ,近年来经济保持年均5%～6%的增速 ,是全球经济增速最快国家之一 ,其经济增长势头和市场潜力不容忽视。目前约有2亿中产阶级(人均收入在1400美元以上)①,劳动力成本较低 ,劳工标准不像发达国家那样严格 ,对环保没有特殊要求 ,有着和西方国家一样的政治制度 ,故随着环境的不断改善 ,印度将是最有潜力的国际资本市场、商品市场和劳务市场。2.印度利用外资的政策有了新发…     

Bringing the Company Back In: A Firm-Level Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment

The industry standard for studying multinational corporations (MNCs) has been to evaluate patterns in aggregate country-level measures of foreign direct investment (FDI). Though certainly related, these data are at best a proxy for the actual commercial and productive activities of multinationals that most political scientists purport to be interested in. Simply put, this is a very indirect way of testing theories about the sociopolitical and economic factors that motivate MNCs’ choice of host countries. This article introduces a new firm-level data set designed to get around this problem by permitting more direct analysis of multinationals’ foreign operations. It then revisits the relationship between regime type and direct investment, finding evidence that MNCs are more likely to establish new subsidiaries in democracies than in nondemocracies. However, further analysis reveals that the strength of this relationship varies by context. Specifically, MNCs rely on regime type as an indicator of political risk when they lack an existing relationship with the host state. In addition, those operating in extractive industries are generally less responsive to political institutions than those operating in manufacturing or services. These results suggest that firm- and sector-specific factors deserve greater consideration than they have been given in the existing literature.     

2007年印度卢比升值的原因、影响与对策

近年来,随着对外开放程度逐渐扩大,外国对印投资迅速增加,印度经济加速增长,外汇储备逐渐增多,扭转了印度货币卢比长期贬值的态势,但却出现短期大幅度升值的情况。这对加速增长的印度经济造成较为复杂的影响。为此印度政府采取谨慎对策,基本保持印度经济持续增长。这给印度这样的发展中国家,在全球化进程中确定适当汇率政策,保持国民经济健康持续增长,提供了某些重要启示。     

日本在亚太发展中地区直接投资的变化与趋势

近年来,日本对外直接投资不断发展。作为日本的对外投资的重要地区,亚洲发展中地区的日资不论在投资规模,还是投资结构均发生了一系列变化。进入21世纪,日本在亚洲地区选择了中国作为其海外投资的重点。本文拟就近年日本在亚洲发展中地区直接投资的变化与趋势作一分析。     

China outperforms India in the oil industry in Angola and Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The article asserts that China’s NOCs have trumped Indian oil companies in four ways. First, Chinese NOCs have more oil blocks in Angola and Nigeria relative to Indian oil companies. Second, NOCs from China are able to outbid Indian oil companies if and when they directly compete for the same oil blocks. Third, Chinese NOCs have better quality oil blocks compared to Indian oil companies. Fourth, Chinese NOCs are preferred as partners by African NOCs and international oil companies. It provides a more comprehensive explanation of the above observations by examining macro level factors such as difference in the economic, political and diplomatic support received by the Chinese and Indian oil companies from their respective governments and foreign exchange reserves and micro level factors such as access to capital, rate of return on investment, pricing of oil and risk aversion.     

Arms Production in the Global Village: Options for Adapting to Defense-Industrial Globalization

Few issues are more important to international relations scholars than understanding how globalization is shaping the production of armaments. Within this context, this article examines both whether and how small and medium states can maintain defense-industrial bases capable of contributing to their national security. To preview the conclusion, although defense-industrial self-sufficiency has become an illusion for most states, even small and medium states can develop defense-industrial capabilities that enhance both their ability to autonomously employ their armed forces and secure access to foreign armaments. Moreover, governments possess a range of options for achieving these objectives, including a fundamental choice between accepting foreign direct investment and pursuing unrestrained arms exports. Governments unwilling to sanction foreign ownership of their defense industries can have recourse to unrestricted exports; alternatively, states uncomfortable with liberal exports can encourage foreign direct investment. With this in mind, a lasting diversity is likely to persist in even similarly endowed states’ defense industries and defense-industrial policies.