塑料微滴板上的细胞培养技术及其在生物鉴定中的应用

细胞培养的常规方法一般多采用玻璃器皿。对于那些在细胞培养上进行的病毒鉴定和血清学试验来说,带螺旋帽的玻璃试管是最常用的培养单元。这种培养方法需要相当数量的昂贵的培养液和细胞,而试验的本身并不需要那么多。玻璃试管使用起来很麻烦,还要占用很大面积的架子和温室空间。还有一个缺点是瓶盖要取下又要重新盖上,这不仅仅是单调乏味的而且由于玻璃可能破碎而带来危险。因此,这种操作费时间,不经济,还需要一大批技术人员,没有几个病毒实验室能胜任广泛的流行病学研究工作。     

Applications for release by Australians in Victoria found not guilty of offences of violence by reason of mental impairment

Much research in relation to mental illness and the law has concentrated upon when accused persons are entitled to avail themselves of the defence of not guilty by reason of insanity or mental impairment. However, the decision as to when persons found not guilty by such pleas should be released step by step back into the community involves difficult analyses of the risk of recidivism by persons who have committed serious acts of violence whilst mentally ill. This article analyses some 70 cases heard by the Supreme Court of Victoria in Australia since the jurisdiction to make such decisions has been transferred from the executive arm of government to the judiciary. The jurisprudence generated by the Victorian Supreme Court constitutes Australia's most developed law in relation to prediction of dangerousness. This article evaluates the different and subtle dynamics that have influenced the judges in an increasingly sophisticated way to grapple with the phenomenon of mental illness in deciding when persons who have already killed can safely be released from involuntary detention status within the confines of a forensic psychiatric institution back into the general community.     

Time of closure of cranial sutures in northwest Indian adults

Time of closure of sagittal, coronal and lambdoid sutures was studied at autopsy in 538 male and 127 female adults of known ages belonging to Chandigarh zone of northwest India. The sagittal suture was divided into four segments and each side of the coronal and lambdoid sutures into three segments. Whether a segment was open or closed on either surface was recorded. On analysing the record, the authors came to the conclusions: (1) obliteration of sutures commences earlier in the males than in females, (2) suture obliteration starts earlier on endocranial surface than on the ectocranial and (3) commencement and complete obliteration of a segment or the entire suture is so erratic that it is not useful for estimating the age of a skull.     

STR data for 11 autosomal STR markers from Costa Rica, Central America

Allele frequencies for 11 STR autosomal loci (F13A01, F13B, FESFPS, LPL, CSF1PO, TH01, TPOX, VWA, D16S539, D7S820 and D13S317) were obtained from a sample of 200 unrelated individuals from Costa Rica, Central America.     

Death due to neurogenic shock following gastric rupture in an anorexia nervosa patient

We report a case of fatal gastric rupture discovered after death, which developed due to a bulimic attack of a 19-year-old woman suffering from anorexia nervosa. An autopsy revealed an acute gastric dilatation and rupture without commonly observed ischemic damage of gastric wall structures. However, it may be difficult to determine the cause of death despite the marked findings. The death as a consequence of neurogenic shock accounts for all the results of gross examination and histologic analysis. This case is the first reported case of fatal gastric rupture of an anorectic patient discovered after death.     

Apnea, glial apoptosis and neuronal plasticity in the arousal pathway of victims of SIDS

Of 27,000 infants whose sleep-wake characteristics were studied under the age of 6 months, 38 died unexpectedly 2-12 weeks after the sleep recording in a pediatric sleep laboratory. Of these infants, 26 died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and 12 of definitely identified causes. The frequency and duration of sleep apneas were analysed. Sleep recordings and brainstem histopathology were studied to elucidate the possible relationship between sleep apnea and neuropathological changes within the arousal system. Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted using tryptophan hydroxylase (TrypH), a serotonin synthesizing enzyme, and growth-associated phosphoprotein 43 (GAP43), a marker of synaptic plasticity. The terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used for apoptosis. The pathological and physiological data were correlated for each infant. In the SIDS victims, statistically significant positive correlations were seen between the number of TrypH-positive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the midbrain and the duration of central apneas (p = 0.03), between the number of TUNEL-positive glial cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN) and the average number of spines in GAP43-positive neurons in the PPTN (p = 0.04). These findings in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the midbrain and PPTN, that play important roles in the arousal pathway suggest a possible link between changes in arousal and SIDS.     

Development of a heptaplex PCR system to analyse X-chromosome STR loci from five Italian population samples. A collaborative study

Many X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs) have been validated for forensic use even if further studies are needed on allele frequencies and mutation rates to evaluate the extent of polymorphism in different populations and to establish reference databases useful for forensic applications and for anthropological studies. A single multiplex reaction of seven X-STRs, which includes the DXS6789, HUMARA, DXS10011, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS6807, DXS101 loci, is presented and their allele frequency distribution in a large population sample including 556 subjects (268 females and 288 males) analysed by five forensic laboratories of Central and Northern Italy is shown. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a single amplification/detection reaction involving seven markers of the X chromosome, which can be fruitfully used in complex kinship analysis.     

美国“石油大王”在印度尼西亚

“把印度洋从南中国海和菲律宾海分隔开的印度尼西亚羣島鏈形防卫地带,对于西方在战略上具有极其巨大意义。……为了防止共产主义在羣島上得到勝利,美国和西方国家在印度尼西亚投下了足以实現堅决措施的睹注”。“紐約时报”评论員凱·波尔敦对“自由界世”在亚洲这一区域的利益这样地說明着。     

苏联新的住宅法

<正> 苏联所制定的历届宪法中,都规定了每个公民享有住宅权,同时也规定了实施这种权利的措施和保障。1981年苏联专门制定并通过了《住宅法》草案,1983年又对其修改、补充,以单独立法的形式固定下来,并从1984年1月1日起开始生效。新住宅法中集中体现了苏共26大所提出的基本原则:每个家庭、每个公民都应有足够的住房。在不断改善住房条件的过程中,凡家庭都有权申请单元住宅,但这绝不意味着单身公民完全不能享受这种权利。根据单身公民的年龄,所从事的职业和所担负的社会活动以及