In this article, we focus on the role of political and economic institutions in Mozambique's development. We produce a set of institutional indicators for Mozambique for the period 1900–2005. The first index tracks political freedoms and is unique in its duration and complexity. The second index is a measure of property rights for Mozambique, and such a measure has not existed previously and certainly not for this length of time. The construction of these indices is a painstaking process through historical records but it provides us with a richness of institutional data previously not available. The new institutional indices will allow us to explore the role of the institutional environment in determining economic growth and development in Mozambique over time. 相似文献
Dr Axel Gehringer Hengeler Mueller Stefano Cuccia Head of Market Supervision, TLX, Milan David Byers McCann FitzGerald, Solicitors, Dublin Henri Wagner and Anne-Marie Thomas Allen & Overy, Luxembourg Petra Zijp and Matthieu van Straaten NautaDutilh NV, Amsterdam José Manuel Cuenca and Yolanda Azanza Clifford Chance Daniel Bushner and Jonathan Parry Ashurst, London The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.
Editor's Note
In our first issue, we included a comparative review that comparedhow the Prospectus Directive had been implemented in variousEuropean Economic Area (EEA) Member States. That Directive setsout the requirements for initial disclosure, through a prospectus,of the information an investor requires to make its initialinvestment decision, when transferable securities are offeredto the public or admitted to an EEA-regulated market. Some 18months later, we turn to the legislative companion piece—theTransparency Obligations Directive or Directive 2004/109/EC(known familiarly as the TD or sometimes, butonly outside Germany, as TOD—in this articlethe abbreviation TD will be used throughout).This is an important Directive that is designed to achieve anumber of objectives. First, it recognizes that markets depend on information. Itis not enough that issuers describe their business and financialposition to the market only when they ask for new money by issuingsecurities. . . . [Full Text of this Article]
France
1. Introduction2. Regulated informationRegulated information under French lawLanguage of the regulated informationEffective and complete distribution3. Periodic informationReports on financial informationOther information4. Ongoing informationInformation about major holdingsInformation for holders of securities
Germany
1. Introduction2. State of origin concept and domestic issuer concept3. Periodic information requirementsGeneralResponsibility and liability for periodic information4. Ongoing information requirements5. Summary
Italy
1. Introduction: the legal context2. Key points of implementation in ItalyThe Italian liability regime for market disclosure3. Concluding summary
Ireland
1. Introduction2. Competent authority3. Liability4. Jurisdictional scope of liability5. Responsibility6. Major shareholdings
Luxembourg
1. Introduction2. Periodic information requirementsAnnual financial statementsHalf-yearly financial statementsInterim management statements and quarterly financial statementsLiability3. Ongoing information requirementsImportant participations notificationVoting rights modification notificationNotification and publication procedureOwn sharesAdditional (general) information obligations of issuers of shares4. Competent authorityNotification of the CSSFAdditional information and sanctionsThird country exemption5. Language and media6. Timing7. Conclusion
The Netherlands
1. Introduction2. Super-equivalent rules3. Periodical information4. LiabilityIssuerDirectors5. Rules on disclosure of major shareholdings6. Conclusion
Spain
1. Introduction2. Law 6/20073. RD 1362Periodic informationResponsibility and liabilityContent of financial reportsInformation on major holdings and own sharesNotification of the acquisition or disposal of major holdingsAcquisition or disposal of a major proportion of voting rightsProcedures for notificationOwn sharesGeneral provisionsAccess to regulated informationLanguagesOther information obligationsRemuneration schemes4. Summary
United Kingdom
1. Introduction2. Periodic financial reporting requirementsSuper equivalent applicationOther points to notePeriodic financial reporting and non-UK issuers3. Major shareholding notification regimeSuper equivalent applicationContracts for differenceOther points to noteMajor shareholding notification and non-UK issuers4. Summary相似文献
The “information have-less” is a social, economic, and political category for millions of rural-to-urban migrants and laid-off
workers, who populate the vast gray zone of China's digital divide. Disengaged from institutions of agricultural and industrial
production, the information have-less make use of such inexpensive ICT services as Internet cafés, prepaid phone cards, and
Little Smart mobile phones. These low-end digital technologies are critical to enhancing labor mobility (both physical and
social) and to the formation of “translocal networks”. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary assessment of ICT usage in,
key city-regions in China and consider the consequences of translocal network formations for evolving information inequality
in China. These networks raise key theoretical issues related to regionalism, mobility, and state-firm relationships that
impinge on low-end service provision, and stratified patterns of information access and utilization within the have-less populations.
We view translocal networks an important socio-economic asset of the information have-less and an arena for the articulation
of labor mobility in China’s industrialization process and latest wave of urbanization.
Carolyn Cartier is associate professor of geography at the University of Southern California. She is the author ofGlobalizing South China (Blackwell, 2001) and the co-editor with Laurence J.C. Ma ofThe Chinese Diaspora: Place Space, Mobility and Identity (Routledge, 2003).
Manuel Castells is Wallis Annenberg Chair in Communication Technology and Society at the University of Southern California,
Research Professor at the Open University of Catalonia in Barcelona, and Professor Emeritus of Sociology and of City and Regional
Planning at the University of California, Berkeley. His current, research focuses on the social and economic implications
of the Internet and the debate on new development strategies for the Information Age.
Jack Linchuan Qiu is assistant professor at the School of Journalism and Communication, Chinese University of Hong Kong. He
co-founded and moderates the Chinese Internet Research Group, a network of researchers from the academic, policymaking, journalistic,
and activist communities. 相似文献
The Global Jihadist Movement (GJM) has a series of well-defined objectives, which constitute the central points of their ideology. In the realization of these goals, propaganda and public communication play a central role. This article studies the evolution of the principal characteristics of GJM propaganda, analyzing over 2,000 documents issued by the GJM between 1996 and 2005. 相似文献
Since it emerged, the field of communication for development has undergone a constant process of redefinition. Since the 1990s, the importance of participation in social and communicative processes has been stressed, and studies carried out during those years focused on participation as an important component to be considered. The so-called community media are privileged forces driving the participatory communication for development approach. Since their emergence and up to the recent studies, community media have been characterised by the centrality of citizenship participation in the creation of widespread messages, and in the processes of social change that they promote.
Communication participative pour le développement dans la pratique : le cas des médias communautaires
Depuis son apparition, le domaine de la communication pour le développement a traversé un processus constant de redéfinition. Depuis les années 1990, l'importance de la participation aux processus sociaux et de communication a été soulignée, et des études effectuées durant cette période-là se sont concentrées sur la participation comme élément important à prendre en compte. Ces « médias communautaires » sont des forces privilégiées qui impulsent l'approche participative pour la communication pour le développement. Depuis leur naissance et jusqu'aux récentes études effectuées, les médias communautaires se sont caractérisés par la position centrale de la participation citoyenne à la création de messages généralisés, et aux processus de changement social qu'ils promeuvent.
Comunicación participativa para el desarrollo en la práctica: el caso de los medios comunitarios
Desde que inició, el ámbito de la comunicación para el desarrollo ha experimentado un proceso constante de redefinición. A partir de los años noventa, ha comenzado a insistirse en la importancia de participar en los procesos sociales y comunicacionales. Los estudios realizados durante esa década, se centraron en la participación como componente primordial que debía ser tenido en cuenta. Los llamados medios comunitarios constituyen fuerzas privilegiadas que impulsan el enfoque de la comunicación participativa para el desarrollo. Desde que iniciaron sus actividades y hasta las últimas investigaciones realizadas al respecto, los medios comunitarios se caracterizaron por la significación otorgada a la participación ciudadana en la creación de mensajes de amplia difusión y en el proceso de cambio social promovido por dichos mensajes.
Comunicação participativa para o desenvolvimento na prática: o caso da mídia comunitária
Desde que surgiu, a área de comunicação para o desenvolvimento tem passado por um processo constante de redefinição. Desde a década de 1990, a importância da participação em processos sociais e comunicativos tem sido ressaltada e estudos têm sido realizados durante estes anos tendo como foco a participação como componente importante a ser considerado. A chamada mídia comunitária constitui-se em forças privilegiadas que dirigem a comunicação participativa para a abordagem de desenvolvimento. Desde o seu surgimento até estudos recentes, a mídia comunitária tem se caracterizado pela ênfase na participação dos cidadãos na criação de mensagens disseminadas e nos processos de mudança social que elas promovem. 相似文献
Research on public service motivation (PSM) has made great strides in terms of study output. Given the enormous scholarly attention on PSM, it is surprising that considerable conceptual ambiguities and overlaps with related concepts such as prosocial motivation, and altruism still remain. This study addresses this issue by systematically carving out the differences and similarities between these concepts. Taking this approach, this study clarifies the conceptual space of both PSM and the other concepts. Using data from semi-structured interviews with police officers, it is illustrated that PSM and prosocial motivation are different types of motivation leading to different types of prosocial behaviour. 相似文献
The object of this article is to examine the proposals for a new sociology of education set out in the work of M. F. D. Young. In particular it examines his discussion of 'knowledge', 'radicalism' and 'politics' and demonstrates that his project for a sociology of the politics of educational knowledge based on the 'phenomenological' sociology of Alfred Schutz is unsuccessful. It is argued that the 'radical' attack on the political character of contemporary education cannot be sustained. It is demonstrated that the concepts in the work of Freire, Illich, Schutz and others to which Young refers do not provide the guidelines for any theoretical advance in the sociology of education, and further, that this 'new' sociology can provide no rigorous theoretical basis for education policy formulation. 相似文献