Die Grundwasserrichtlinie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Auslegung von Mietvertragsklauseln; Bereicherungsansprüche gegen titellose, aber redliche Benützer eines Bestandobjekts

Eine Vertragsklausel, wonach der Mieter für alle Sch?den oder Rechtsfolgen, die aus der Verz?gerung der R?umung und Rückgabe erwachsen, haften soll, nimmt mit dem Wort "Sch?den" erkennbar auf das Schadenersatzrecht Bezug. Da das ?sterr Schadenersatzrecht vom Prinzip der Verschuldensabh?ngigkeit gepr?gt ist, ist nicht ersichtlich, warum die Klausel anders zu verstehen sein sollte. Entgegen der Meinung Apathys sind bereicherungsrechtliche Ansprüche gegen titellose, wenngleich redliche Benützer eines (ehemaligen) Bestandobjekts zu bejahen.     

Rechtsschutz im europäischen Kontrollverbund am Beispiel der FFH-Gebietsfestsetzungen

Verbundförmig durchgeführte Verwaltungsverfahren im europäischen Mehrebenenverwaltungssystem nehmen zunehmend komplexere Gestaltungsformen an, was weitreichende Auswirkungen auch auf den Rechtsschutz Betroffener hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel des europäischen Naturschutzrechts, welche Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten betroffene Grundstückseigentümer in verbundförmig durchgeführten Verwaltungsverfahren offen stehen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass ein kohärentes Rechtsschutzsystem durchaus vorhanden ist, wenngleich seine Inanspruchnahme nicht unerhebliche Schwierigkeiten aufwirft.     

Party government in Central Eastern European democracies: A data collection (1990–2003)

Abstract.  This article provides a systematic comparative overview of party governments in 11 Central Eastern European countries. The review is based on the compilation of a cross-national data set on post-communist party governments from 1990 to 2003. The presentation of the data is organised in the same way as the party government data for Western democracies presented by Woldendorp et al. in 1998. Thus, the data provide empirical grounds for further comparative research on party governments in Central Eastern European countries, as well as among Central Eastern and Western Europe.     

Literatur

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Von der typologischen zur dimensionalen Analyse parlamentarischer Demokratien: konzeptionelle Überlegungen am Beispiel Mittelosteuropas

Zusammenfassung  Am Beispiel von zehn parlamentarischen Demokratien in Mittelosteuropa (1995–2004) werden neue Demokratiemuster nachgewiesen, welche die Kombination von machtkonzentrierenden und machtdispersiven Effekten von Akteurskonstellationen und formal-institutionellen Entscheidungsregeln (elektoral und legislativ) erfassen. Damit leistet die vorliegende Untersuchung einen theoretischen und empirischen Beitrag zur Wirkungslogik von Institutionen und Akteuren auf die Politikperformanz parlamentarischer Demokratien.      

Prevalence of mental disorders among sexual offenders in forensic psychiatry and prison

The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of mental disorders among sexual offenders in forensic psychiatry (SF) with the prevalence of such disorders among sexual offenders in prison (SP) and violent offenders in prison (VP). In a cross-sectional study, 40 of 47 SF detained in forensic psychiatry in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, could be included. They were compared with 30 SP and 26 VP. All study participants were interviewed by means of SCID I and SCID II and assessments of functioning (GAF, BSS). There was a high prevalence of mental disorders (DSM-IV: Axis I) in all three groups (SF: 80%, SP: 63%, VP: 73%). Among SP and VP, this was attributed mainly to substance use disorders. The prevalence and comorbidity of personality disorders was significantly higher in the group of the SF (prevalence: SF: 85%, SP: 27%, VP: 39%). In a psychopathological view, SP were all together more similar to the imprisoned non-sexual delinquent VP than to the SF.     

The party's over ‐ market liberalization and the challenges for one‐party and one‐party dominant regimes: The cases of Taiwan and Mexico,Italy and Japan

This article examines the recent political misfortunes of two ruling parties (the Institutional Revolutionary Party in Mexico and the Kuomintang in Taiwan) and of two dominant political parties (the Christian Democrats in Italy, and the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan). It compares the causes of their misfortune, and emphasises the impact of the need to open their economies to take advantage of international trade and to make their macro‐economic policies conform more to international standards. In particular this has reduced such parties’ ability to reserve economic rewards for political supporters. It argues that these difficulties are symptomatic of broader problems which many parties will find in attracting long‐term political support and members in an era where ideology plays a lesser role in political life, and where economic pressures for the opening of markets to international competition will increase.     

Strength through Weakness: State Executive Power and Federal Reform in Austria

Due to the absence of a strong constitutional veto player, comparative research uses to classify Austria as country with weak federal structures, occasionally even as a “federation without federalism”. From an institutional perspective, the assessment is definitely correct, in particular with regard to the nearly insignificant status of the second chamber Bundesrat. Apart from constitutional provisions, however, there are informal forces at work in decision‐making processes. Our thesis is that any approach ignoring the fact that the nominal constitution is paralleled by a real one falls short. Instead, we focus on the Conference of State Governors which, though not established by law, is a strong player in Austria's multi‐layered system qualifying the picture of “weak” federalism. The paper gives on overview of origin and function of the conference and its ambivalent role in making up for the shortcomings of the federal structures. Taking recent attempts of reorganizing fiscal equalization between states and federation as an example, the need of reforming the allocation of rights and duties between the different levels and, at the same time, the obstacles blocking the reform is outlined and analyzed.