Tattoo frequency and types among homicides and other deaths, 2007-2008: a matched case-control study

An estimated 25% of the US population aged 18 to 50 years has a tattoo, which have been associated with markers of high-risk behaviors including alcohol and drug use, violence, carrying weapons, sexual activity, eating disorders, and suicide. This study compares tattoo prevalence and type in a homicide population to those of an age-, race-, and sex-matched control group of nonhomicide deaths. The data for this study were abstracted from autopsy records maintained by the Jefferson County Alabama Coroner/Medical Examiner's Office for the years 2007 and 2008. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between homicide and tattoo presence and characteristics were calculated using conditional logistic regression. There was no association between tattoo presence and death by homicide; however, among blacks, memorial tattoos were significantly more common among homicides compared with other types of deaths (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-5.68). The results of the current study suggest that specific types of tattoos, but not all tattoos, may be risk factors for homicide. Other factors, such as race and lifestyle, along with tattoos may need to be considered.     

Media and tutor-learner interaction in distance education

SUMMARY

Technological developments in recent years have provided greater scope in the selection and combination of media for presenting courses in distance education. This article explores the uses and limitations of a number of ‘old’ and ‘new’ media in distance education from the perspective of their educational and communication advantages. The main emphasis is not on technological developments, but on the potential of various media to create a greater degree of interaction between tutor and student than has previously been possible through traditional media such as print and audio-visual media.     

Health-care reform in Alberta

Abstract: Over the past forty years, the Canadian health-care system has undergone many changes and realized many achievements. Universal coverage, organizational simplicity, high status of health together with a high level of public satisfaction indicate success of the system. And yet, the health-care system began to show signs of strain. Changing consumer expectations, mounting health-care expenditures and a continued emphasis on the institutional sector contributed to the down-side of the success. In response to this, the Alberta government initiated fundamental reform of this complex system. This paper chronicles Alberta's approach in reforming and restructuring the health-care system. It reviews a number of developmental and policy initiatives that set the stage for a health-care reform mind-set in the province. It reviews Alberta's approach to health-care reform from its initial stages to the development of the first Three-Year Business Plan for Health through to the formation of a regionalized health-care system. The paper concludes by offering some preliminary observations of this reform process. Sommaire: Au cours des quarante dernières années, le réseau des soins de santé au Canada a subi de nombreux changements et a beaucoup réalisé. La couverture universelle, la simplicité organisationnelle, un excellent standard de santé ainsi qu'un niveau élevé de satisfaction du public sont autant d'indices de réussite du système. Et pourtant, le réseau des soins de santé a commencéà révéler des symptômes problématiques. L'évolution des attentes des consommateurs, l'augmentation des dépenses consacrées à la santé ainsi que l'accent placé sur le secteur institutionnel sont venus grever ce succès. Pour faire face à ces changements, le gouvernement de l'Alberta a lancé une réforme fondamentale de ce réseau complexe. Cet article présente l'approche de l'Alberta en matière de réforme et de restructuration du réseau des soins de santé. II passe en revue un certain nombre d'initiatives de politique et de développement qui ont obtenu l'appui du public pour la réforme du système. L'article examine la méthodologie de l'Alberta en matière de réforme des soins de santé, à partir de ses premières étapes jusquapos;à la mise au point du premier plan de fonctionnement triennal pour la Santé, et l'établissement d'un systéme de santé régionalisé En conclusion, l'article présente quelques observations préliminaires sur ce processus de réforme.