司法政策与监管政策的竞争——基于信用卡纠纷裁判的观察

政策对司法裁判产生实然的影响,当司法政策与监管政策发生竞争时,作为裁判者的地方法院面临选择困境。信用卡民事纠纷实证研究表明,法院对"费率限定"的司法政策与"费率约定"监管政策的认同基本抗衡并受到政策解释路径的影响。改进政策在技术层面的适用,应发挥抽象规则的威慑力,关注政策可能的不利后果,加强个案裁判说理论证。而从根本上化解政策竞争,需要建立司法权与监管权协调机制。一方面,加强职能履行过程的协调,适用法律对政策竞争予以解释,运用消极司法审查发挥个案裁判灵活性;另一方面,加强政策制定程序的协调,横向上明确规范性文件征求意见程序,纵向上完善规范性文件备案审查程序,从而超越政策竞争,实现协同治理。     

大数据技术表征的方法论特征

大数据技术表征的过程彰显了广义语境性与再语境性、解构性与建构性、相关性与因果性、预测性与实时性的辩证统一。即结构与意义的辩证统一,新范式与旧范式的辩证统一,数据"发声"与人的主观创造性的辩证统一,历时性与共时性的辩证统一。为促进大数据发展,必须培养辩证思维能力,充分挖掘社会对大数据技术的个化性需求,加快创新型人才队伍建设,充分发挥人的主观创造性,培养大数据文化。     

大学生"村官"的"角色社会化"研究

作为国家宏观政策鼓励下的结果,大学生"村官"群体已经成为我国农村中一个独特的群体.身份和生活世界的巨大变化是这个群体的典型特征.如何适应新的生活环境和角色身份,是他们必须面对的"角色社会化"过程.本文以在两个专业网站上收集到的28份大学生"村官"的自述作为研究材料,通过自我身份认同、和农民的心理距离、价值实现度三个向度,来探讨他们在这种强烈反差下的"角色社会化"过程.     

Asphyxial games in children and adolescents

Asphyxial games, as played by young adolescents, and going by various names, are not new phenomena. What seems to be different at present is an increase in lethality introduced by the increasing use of ligatures and "playing" the game alone. The authors present a properly certified but insufficiently appreciated case followed 2 years later by 2 closely spaced but unrelated deaths in young adolescent males that made known this practice in New Hampshire youth. Other cases presented to the author from other jurisdictions are reviewed in aggregate. Presented are characteristics of victims of this practice that may help distinguish these deaths from suicidal asphyxia. A relative paucity of literature regarding asphyxial games outside the realm of autoerotic asphyxia gives rise to certification difficulties given the high prevalence of youth suicide.     

Fatal neurotoxic response to neuroleptic medications: case report and review of the literature

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a diagnosis of exclusion difficult to make due to a lack of pathognomonic features. Diagnosing NMS by postmortem examination becomes increasingly challenging when possible underlying brain pathology is obscured. The diagnosis is based on clinical history and laboratory findings. Autopsy and histologic findings, if any, usually are reflective of hyperthermia or complications (eg, aspiration pneumonia) of NMS. The authors describe a case of a 36-year-old Hispanic woman with a presumptive diagnosis of pseudoseizures, treated with various combinations of neuroleptic medications over a 6-week period prior to her sudden, unexpected, in-hospital death. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is likely to have contributed to this patient's death. Confounding factors and medicolegal issues of a postmortem diagnosis of NMS are discussed.     

英语学习自主性与教师角色探讨

在当今提倡“交际教学法”和强调以“学生为中心”的外语语言教学理论和教学法领域里,“自主性学习”已逐渐成为一项“热门话题”。自主性学习强调学生控制管理自我学习过程,对自我学习负责。教师在培养学生英语学习自主性中扮演着重要角色。教师应转变传统观念,从课堂内课堂外两方面帮助学生提高独立学习的能力,为学生的终身学习打下良好的基础。     

浮游生物PCR检测及其在溺死鉴定中的研究进展

溺死鉴定是法医学中的重点和难点之一,目前在相关法医学案件中,主要采用法医病理学尸检与传统硅藻检验等方法综合分析进行鉴定。传统硅藻检验存在灵敏性较低,易于污染等不足。采用PCR法检测尸体不同脏器组织中是否存在水中浮游生物的DNA标记,适用范围广,信息量丰富,灵敏性和特异性较高,有较好的法医学应用前景,有望成为鉴定溺死的新方法。本文对相关研究进展进行综述,为相关研究和实践参考。     

司法解释的建构理念分析以商事司法解释为例

在当前的司法解释形成过程中,存在一些值得注意的制度建构理念与方式,如过多地基于推理启动具体的司法解释形成过程,先创设"立法政策"然后顺此制定司法解释,试图通过司法解释实现社会利益一般调整却超越其本身的权限与能力等等。这些做法影响具体司法解释的制度生长趋向与内容选择,并导致司法解释的定位逾矩与功能紊乱。为完善司法解释形成机制以确保司法解释优化质量,须强调基于审判经验启动具体的司法解释的形成过程,以顺应立法政策作为具体司法解释的政策取向原则,以实现法律的技术完善作为具体司法解释的建构重心。     

公平与效率结合的典范——《兰哈姆法》商标权取得制度管窥

在商标权取得制度上,美国是实施使用原则的少数国家之一。1946年美国颁布的《兰哈姆法》在使用原则的基础上引入了注册原则内容。但由于《兰哈姆法》规定的"实际使用"注册程序存在不足,导致了商标投资风险、注册申请时内外有别以及理论和实践的不统一等一系列问题。对此,美国在1988年对《兰哈姆法》进行了修正,并在注册程序上增加了"意图使用"内容,从而弥补了"实际使用"的不足。对我国而言,《商标法》中实施的注册原则近乎绝对,过于缺乏使用原则的内容,因此,我国应重新构建商标权取得制度,以期达到公平与效率兼顾的效果。     

Simultaneous determination of creatinine and uric acid in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with polarity switching electrospray ionization

A simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA) levels as a confirmatory method for adulteration or dilution of urine. Centrifuged urine samples (10μL) were diluted with 390μL of distilled water. 30μL of internal standard solution (Cr-d(3), 5μg/mL) and 10μL of acetonitrile were added to 20μL aliquots of diluted urine samples and filtered. The samples (1μL) were introduced into LC-MS/MS with no further pretreatment. Cr and UA were separated on a multi-mode ODS column (Scherzo SM-C18, 75mm×2.0mm I.D., 3μm) and quantified by LC-MS/MS with polarity-switching electrospray ionization. Cr requires the positive-ion mode, whereas the negative-ion mode is required for the analysis of UA. The linear ranges were 1.0-300mg/dL for Cr and 0.5-300mg/dL for UA, with good determination coefficients (R(2)≥0.9988). The intra-day and inter-day precision of the analytes was within 13.0% and 14.4%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy was -8.8 to 3.7% and -0.3 to 6.6%, respectively. The lower limits of detection (LLODs) were 0.3mg/dL for Cr and 0.07mg/dL for UA. The applicability of the developed method was examined by analyzing urine samples from suspected drug abusers (n=46).