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991.
992.
Carel Dieperink 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2011,11(2):139-157
Negotiations concerning the quality of international rivers are not easy, as incongruence in preferences between upstream
and downstream countries generally exists. The Rhine Chlorides dispute is a clear example of this. The chloride issue has
been on the international water agenda of the Netherlands and the upstream Rhine riparian states for more than 70 years. The
aim of this paper is to give a historical overview of the settlement of the Rhine chlorides dispute in order to draw some
lessons for negotiators who have to work under comparable conditions of asymmetrical international water pollution. The case
not only shows the complexities in reaching acceptable solutions for asymmetrical transboundary pollution, but also the importance
of sound argumentation, institutions, side payments, issue framing, issue linking and arbitration. 相似文献
993.
In west-central Alberta, Canada, an ambitious collaborative conservation program for grizzly bears began in 1999, after extensive
controversy over the Cheviot coal mine project and successful negotiation of a unique federal–provincial strategic framework
for grizzly bear conservation. Unfortunately that program was effectively terminated without any substantive implementation
of its research findings. The regional ecosystem approach for conserving grizzlies in the Foothills Model Forest originated
in federal and provincial legislative processes but proved vulnerable to shifting goals and containment by a single powerful
participant. This case study’s results demonstrate vulnerabilities of the ecosystem management approach to conserving large
carnivores. To enable other such conservation efforts to achieve their goals, we recommend supporting emergent small-scale
initiatives and designing collaborative institutions that limit the potential for containment of decision processes. 相似文献
994.
Corporate response strategies to regulatory uncertainty: evidence from uncertainty about post-Kyoto regulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A better understanding of firms’ response strategies to regulatory uncertainty enables policymakers to improve policymaking
efficiency and to enhance the effectiveness of regulation. Based on a literature review, we categorize responses according
to their objective toward regulatory uncertainty into four strategies: avoidance, reduction, adaptation, and disregard strategies.
Unique data from a worldwide cross-industry survey show that firms predominantly pursue reduction, and to a lesser extent
adaptation and disregard strategies, in response to post-Kyoto regulatory uncertainty. Surprisingly, firms in fact only sporadically
pursue avoidance strategies, in contradiction to their own public announcements commonly made during policymaking to realize
such strategies. The degree of regulatory uncertainty perceived and its interpretation as a threat increase the pursuit of
most of these strategies. In addition, firms’ response strategies to post-Kyoto regulatory uncertainty differ across industries
and partly across regions. 相似文献
995.
Border security places a heavy burden on public and private land managers affecting rural livelihoods and limiting managers’
ability to collectively act to deal with environmental issues. In the southern Arizona borderlands, natural resource managers
come together to solve complex environmental issues creating a diverse set of formal and informal institutional arrangements
between state and nonstate actors. We explore the effects of the border on these collaborative institutions, as well as the
managers’ views of the border, invoking theoretical work on power, institutions, literature from the burgeoning field of borderland
studies, and recent work on collaboration and the common interest in civil society. In doing so, we seek to understand how
a rural community that has taken center stage in national discourse copes with the border on a daily basis and how changing
power differentials in the borderlands affect a governance network. This study informs our understanding of when and where
collaboration occurs, as well as our conceptualization of the border and the effects of border policy and immigration on natural
resource management. 相似文献
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Christophe Morin 《Society》2011,48(2):131-135
Neuromarketing is an emerging field that bridges the study of consumer behavior with neuroscience. Controversial when it first
emerged in 2002, the field is gaining rapid credibility and adoption among advertising and marketing professionals. Each year,
over 400 billion dollars is invested in advertising campaigns. Yet, conventional methods for testing and predicting the effectiveness
of those investments have generally failed because they depend on consumers’ willingness and competency to describe how they
feel when they are exposed to an advertisement. Neuromarketing offers cutting edge methods for directly probing minds without
requiring demanding cognitive or conscious participation. This paper discusses the promise of the burgeoning field of neuromarketing
and suggests it has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of both commercial and cause-related advertising
messages around the world. 相似文献
1000.
Mike Zajko 《Society》2011,48(6):457-461
The global warming controversy has experienced a tumultuous period, with the credibility of climate science repeatedly questioned
and a lack of international solidarity on the issue. While climate science institutions have accomplished much in their history,
the current impasse highlights the limits of previous approaches. Determined critics have contested the authority of established
scientific institutions, which have failed to measure up to their mythic ideals. While the imperfections of climate science
have exposed some avenues for reform, they also suggest that the public stands to benefit from a more accurate understanding
of science as both a process and body of knowledge. Uncertain and incomplete knowledge need not be an obstacle for action,
and climate science can be made more robust and credible if it is removed from the center of what are largely political disagreements. 相似文献