A Priori Voting Power: What Is It All About?

We explain the meaning of a priori voting power and outline how it is measured. We distinguish two intuitive notions as to what voting power means, leading to two approaches to measuring it. One conception, I-power, focuses on a voter's potential influence over the outcome of decisions by a voting body. The second conception, P-power, focuses on voters' payoff, their expected share of a fixed winning 'prize'. We discuss and rebut some philosophical and pragmatic objections, according to which a priori (as distinct from actual) voting power is worthless or inapplicable.     

加强地理标志法律保护必要性之法理思考

地理标志除与普通商标一样有一定的区别性外,还具有特定的品质表彰功能。由于地理标志自身具有重要的商业价值等原因,各国都十分注重对地理标志进行法律保护。而实践中现存的种种问题以及世贸组织的加入更强调了当前在我国加强地理标志法律保护的必要性。     

Enhance People-to-People Exchanges Promote Common Prosperity:on the Visit of Study Group of NGOs in Central and Eastern European Countries

<正>At the invitation of CAFIU,a joint study group consisting of representatives from NGOs,think tanks and media in Czech Republic,Hungary,Poland,Romania and Russia visited China from April 13th to 23rd,2015.The study group visited Beijing,Lanzhou,Zhangye and Shanghai.     

论完善巡视监督的重要意义及现实路径

党的十九届四中全会首次将党和国家监督体系建设纳入中国特色社会主义制度体系,使其成为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的重要组成部分。同时,对党内监督重要内容之一的巡视制度提出新要求,要求重点加强对党的高级干部、各级主要领导干部的监督,破解“一把手”监督和同级监督难题,强化政治巡视,推进纪律监督、监察监督、派驻监督、巡视监督统筹衔接,完善巡视整改落实情况报告制度等。新时代,我们党对巡视制度的高度重视,使普通党员干部和人民群众成为权力制约与监督的坚实基础和依靠力量,极大促进了党风廉政建设,具有重要意义。     

政治经济学批判视域中的恩格斯辩证法

围绕辩证法,一些西方学者常常得出恩格斯和马克思对立的观点。反驳这种错误观点有一条重要路径:恩格斯的辩证法并非局限于自然领域,而是以政治经济学批判的方式融入社会—历史当中。具体而言,它主要体现在三个方面:一是将辩证法奠基于现实经验的基础之上;二是准确阐释了马克思辩证法作为唯一正确的思想发展形式;三是进一步完善了政治经济学批判方法与对象的统一理论。这些贡献表明:一方面,在现实基础、基本形式、实践旨趣方面,恩格斯辩证法和马克思辩证法在根本上是一致的;另一方面,恩格斯对黑格尔辩证法有着深刻的理解,能够准确把握它与马克思辩证法的区别。这将有助于澄清对恩格斯辩证法的曲解和误解,也是对“矮化”恩格斯辩证法、制造恩格斯和马克思关于辩证法的思想对立的有力回应。     

African farmer-led irrigation development: re-framing agricultural policy and investment?

The past decade has witnessed an intensifying focus on the development of irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa. It follows a 20-year hiatus in the wake of disappointing irrigation performance during the 1970s and 1980s. Persistent low productivity in African agriculture and vulnerability of African food supplies to increasing instability in international commodity markets are driving pan-African agricultural investment initiatives, such as the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP), that identify as a priority the improvement in reliability of water control for agriculture. The paper argues that, for such initiatives to be effective, there needs to be a re-appraisal of current dynamics of irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly with respect to the role of small-scale producers’ initiatives in expanding irrigation. The paper reviews the principal forms such initiatives take and argues that official narratives and statistics on African irrigation often underestimate the extent of such activities. The paper identifies five key characteristics which, it argues, contradict widely held assumptions that inform irrigation policy in Africa. The paper concludes by offering a definition of ‘farmer-led irrigation’ that embraces a range of interaction between producers and commercial, government and non-government agencies, and identifies priority areas for research on the growth potential and impact of such interactions and strategies for their future development.     

食品安全治理的“第三条道路”——日本生协个案分析及其启示

近年来,我国食品安全事故频发,国家对食品安全治理尤为关注。日本作为世界上食品最安全的国家之一,在其社会中广泛存在着的生协组织为日本食品安全的成功治理做出了重要贡献,在生协组织的推动之下,日本的国家、市场与社会在食品安全治理问题上达到了某种有效沟通和制衡的良性关系,避免了市场的恶性竞争、政府的自由放任或监管不力现象。这恰恰是日本食品安全治理的重要经验。正是这种制衡将一种内在的支撑力量填充进了各种制度的运作,建构起了食品领域的良性治理秩序,从而也使日本的食品安全治理表现出了消费者和市民自身的主体能动性。因此,以促进社会组织的发育来形成国家、市场与社会在食品安全治理中的相互制衡关系,是在国家主导和市场自律两大模式之外,完善我国当前食品安全治理可供选择的"第三条道路"。