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31.
32.
David Garland 《Law & society review》2005,39(4):793-834
The most notorious lynchings that occurred in the United States between 1890 and 1940 involved publicity, crowds, ritual, and abnormal cruelty. Several hundred of these "public torture lynchings" took place, most of them in the Deep South. The author develops an interpretation that takes seriously the specific forms and discourses that lynchers and their supporters used to describe and justify these events—characterizing them as criminal punishments, albeit summary, informal ones that were shaped by a white supremacist culture and a politics of racial domination. An interpretation of the penal context and meanings of these public torture lynchings helps us understand their specific forms and their claims to legitimacy. The penal character of these lynchings increased the probability that they would be tolerated by local (and even national) audiences and thus made them a strategic form of violence in struggles to maintain racial supremacy. The author argues that a consideration of these events should lead us to revise our standard narratives about the evolution of modern punishments. 相似文献
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David Wang 《Central Asian Survey》1995,14(2):265-283
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Jeffrey Scott Mclllwain 《Trends in Organized Crime》2005,8(4):15-39
This article seeks to understand the processes by which the crime of intellectual property theft is organized, with specific
attention given to film piracy. It seeks to identify the structure and function of the criminal enterprises engaged in this
crime and assess the degree to which organized crime is involved with film piracy. An analysis of available sources reveals
that general conclusions about the relationship of organized crime to film piracy results from a lack of useable and verifiable
information in media, government, and industry sources. In the absence of independent, substantive analysis, anecdote and
industry interests currently drive public policies and legal developments created to address the role of organized crime in
film piracy. In the United States and across the globe, seizures, criminal indictments, civil actions, and public awareness
are up considerably. Whether or not these advances can be maintained in the face of technological advances, the evolution
of industry economic structures, and consumer indifference to the stigma of intellectual property theft and concern at industry
response to such theft remains to be seen. Specific recommendations for future research are offered.
The author would like to thank the International Center of the National Institute of Justice for soliciting funding this research
through a grant, Intellectual Property and Organized Crime. He also Thanks Jay S. Albanese and his the anonymous reviewers
of this work for their helpful comments and criticisms. This article only reflects the findings of the author, not the National
Institute of Justice, Dr. Albanese or the reviewers. 相似文献
37.
David Brady Yunus Kaya Jason Beckfield 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2007,42(1-2):1-35
Development debates have been greatly influenced by the growth consensus: the conventional wisdom that economic growth should be the primary priority for less-developed countries (LDCs) because it most effectively improves the well-being of the world’s poor. We compare the impact of growth to other independent variables in an unbalanced panel analysis of up to 109 LDCs and 580 observations across six time points (1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2003). Our dependent variables include caloric consumption, infant survival probability, one-to-five year survival probability, female life expectancy, and male life expectancy. First, we find that gross domestic product (GDP) has significant positive effects on caloric consumption, female life expectancy, and male life expectancy. Second, GDP does not have robust effects on infant and one-to-five survival probabilities. Third, fertility, urbanization, and secondary school enrollment have larger effects than GDP in the majority of models. The more powerful effects of fertility, urbanization, and secondary schooling cannot simply be attributed to an indirect effect of GDP. Fourth, we find that dependency variables do not have robust significant effects. Fifth, over time, GDP has become much less effective at improving caloric consumption and infant and one-to-five survival. We infer that there are serious limitations to concentrating exclusively on economic growth to improve well-being in LDCs. 相似文献
38.
This article argues that, despite environmental issues climbing higher on the political agenda and considerable recent policy activity, rhetoric is not matched by reality in our efforts to manage the Australian environment. We integrate the imperatives emerging from the policy and sustainability literatures and from actual policy, with detailed work on wildlife conservation in Victoria's Central Highlands. Our analysis demonstrates that, rather than undertaking the more intensive policy and 'adaptive management' that is needed, governments are often doing less and may actually be 'taking their hands of their wheel'. Some public policy and administration implications of the emerging policy field of sustainability are illustrated. 相似文献
39.
Scott Prasser 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1997,56(1):110-118
Reviewing public administration in Australia was once akin to watching glaciers — you knew there was movement and something was happening beneath the surface, but detection required patient observation over a long period of time. 相似文献
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