New Interpretations of Cyber Power

Since the 1990’s,the Internet has been an important force behind world changes and has sparked debates on such issues as the right to access to information and the concept of Cyber Power. In the first decade of this century,the Internet was one of the key causes of global change. Great advances were made in the field of information technology and the global spread of information reached unprecedented levels. The effects on society went from quantitative to qualitative. The Internet is also becoming a strate...     

The chief financial officers act of 1990: a new approach to solving federal financial management problems

The Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-576) promises to be a new era not only in federal management and accountability, but also in efforts to gain financial control of government operations. The CFO Act provides for broad reforms that will (1) properly organize the financial management function in government agencies, (2) provide the necessary systems and control to manage government programs, and (3) measure performance through financial statements, cost information, and other data, so that prompt corrective actions can be taken.

The CFO Act is expected to bring fundamental change to the federal government's weak, outdated, and inefficient financial systems. Meeting the CFO Act's challenge will be difficult, but should result in (1) improved financial systems and information with which to manage government operations, (2) better ability to foresee problems, and thus deal with them, and (3) greater accountability by those managing government programs.     

The impacts of the revolution of 1978-1979 on the iranian bureaucracy and civil service

This paper deals with the complex relationship between bureaucracy and revolution. It explains some of the major impacts of the Iranian revolution of 1978-79 on the civil service and the bureaucracy of the country. Three major phases of the revolution are identified: the Provisional Government (February-November 1979), the turbulent radicalization (November 1979-1982), and the institutionalization, stabilization, and Islamization (1983- ).

The revolution was not only against the Shah, but also aimed at altering Iran’ bureaucratic machinery which, as a power instrument, served system- (regime-) enhancement. During the first and second periods, a debureaucratization of society and a democratization of the administrative system was begun. While the bureaucracy increased as a result of nationalization, its functions declined as more and more activities of public administration were taken over by the non-bureaucratic, independent grass-roots organizations that sprang up during and after the revolution.

This trend has been reversed during the third phase by the policy of consolidation, centralization, control and system-maintenance pursued by the Mousavi administration. A rebureaucratization of society commenced and application of most of the old laws and regulations was resumed. Patronage and many patho-logical behaviors, includinf corruption, of the bureaucracy are becoming pervasive again, resulting in the dissatisfaction of the general public. In short, despite some initial revolutiohary attempts to change its structure and nature, the bureaucracy has prevailed as a well-entrenched, established institution of power and administration in Iran.

Finally, the author briefly describes the sources of public dissatisfaction and suggests conceivable remedies. These involve major reforms in the Iranian bureaucracy to achieve both administrative efficiency and popular responsiveness.     

多元协作性治理:以草原为例的博弈模型构建和实证研究

多元协作性治理是解决集体行动困境问题的重要方法,但目前主流学术界还缺乏对这一问题的较深入的理论和实证研究。本文以草原治理为例,构建了一个可清晰描述多元协作性治理的简单博弈模型,讨论了多元主体的选择、多元共时模型、差序模型和混合模型的不同以及多元主体策略选择多样化等问题;同时以中国内蒙古自治区的草原治理为例,探讨了多元协作性治理在中国的实际应用及其所面临的问题。本文的探索为进一步推动多元协作性治理理论的发展和实证研究奠定了基础。     

美国城市转型经验及其启示

伴随城市发展和城市化进程的加快,人口、产业、资本等各种要素不断流动,城市的传统产业发生梯度转移,国内外许多城市面临经济转型的重大问题。本文介绍了美国主要城市的成功转型案例,并分析了城市转型成功的基本经验,以期为中国现阶段的城市转型提供借鉴。     

我国公共服务支出优化:理论模型与实证分析

我国最近提出的包容性增长的发展战略,要求政府的财政支出模式由生产建设型财政向公共服务型财政转变。本文用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数回归分析得出:我国公共服务财政支出与经济增长呈正相关,公共服务支出的增加能够促进经济的持续增长。文章进而通过系统动力学仿真模型对公共服务支出的经济增长效应进行政策模拟。根据模型运行结果,本文提出了以下政策建议:公共服务支出的增加是一个渐进过程,更应注重公共服务支出结构的调整,近期教育支出的增长速度应大于科技支出的增长速度。     

预防腐败的制度体系及其建设路径

十七大以来,随着我国惩治与预防腐败体系建设的不断推进,制度预防已经成为当前我国反腐败的核心战略,中国特色的预防腐败制度体系已初步形成。本文根据制度预防理论,分析了我国预防腐败制度建设的体系框架及其实践基础,总结了当前我国预防腐败制度体系建设面临的挑战。本文认为,为进一步推进预防腐败制度体系建设,必须进一步明确预防腐败机构的职责定位,强化预防腐败的组织协调机制,建立健全预防腐败制度体系,加大预防腐败制度的问责力度。     

重构公共政策评估——基于公民权与行政权相对平衡的分析

对公共政策进行评估,形式上是对政策方案执行前、执行中和执行后的评价,实质上则是行政权与公民权的再分配。本文从公共政策过程出发,以公民权与行政权相对平衡为分析框架,将公共决策事前评估的重点安排为公民权比重大于行政权,这是确定一种公民本位的制度安排;将公共决策事中评估的重点安排为行政权比重大于公民权,是以最少的时间和成本实现这一制度安排;将公共决策事后评估的重点安排为公民权比重等于行政权,是因为行政权与公民权的和谐相处可以避免公共政策自身运作的损耗,使其沿着正确轨道良性健康进行,并为新一轮的公共政策发挥创造良好环境和基础。