Disclosure of child sexual abuse: expressed emotions and credibility judgments of a child mock victim

Both lay persons and professionals believe that the emotions displayed by a child witness during disclosure of sexual abuse are a factor of importance when judging the child's credibility. Unfortunately, not all children display emotions according to expectations, leading to misjudgments, and possible miscarriage of justice. In the present study, we examined how lay people's credibility judgments were influenced by a child's displayed emotions during the disclosure of sexual abuse. Participants (n?=?119), viewed video recordings of a mock police interview of an 11-year-old child actor disclosing sexual abuse, displaying one of four emotional expressions (angry, sad, neutral, and positive). Results showed that participants were strongly influenced by the emotions displayed; in particular, the display of strong negative emotions (anger) or positive emotions during disclosure significantly reduced judged credibility. The credibility ratings predicted the participant? judgments of the defendant's guilt and the willingness to pass a guilty vote in a hypothetical trial.     

Changes in the Most Cited Scholars in Five International Journals Between 2006 and 2020

Asian Journal of Criminology - The main aim of this article is to assess the most cited scholars in five international journals in three time periods: 2006–2010, 2011–2015, and...     

The limits of tax and expenditure limits: TEL implementation as a principal-agent problem

Previous scholarship has shown that Tax and Expenditure Limits (TELs) often fail to constrain government growth. This paper views the implementation of TELs as a principal-agent problem. Agency theory predicts that delegation is affected by the preferences of agents and the costs of monitoring those agents. Using panel data for the US states from 1970 through 2008, I conduct an empirical test of the validity of the principal-agent model for TELs. I find that state spending limitations are only effective at cutting the growth of state and local spending under the direction of agents who have a preference for limited government. Additionally, state property tax limitations are only effective when monitoring does not require costly coordinated action. These findings contradict an alternative theory of TEL implementation that looks towards the policy’s origin. My research suggests that the arrangements of delegation determine when and under what conditions TELs effectively reduce government growth.     

Total quality management teams in the office of administrative services,u.s. department of the interior: a success story

Using a multiple case study research technique, this study investigates the hypothesis that Total Quality Management (TQM) teams that function within the Office of Administrative Services, U.S. Department of the Interior in Washington, D.C., successfully achieve their goals when either one of two conditions exist: a team has effective leadership and/or team members are motivated. Using an explanatory case study approach, four TQM teams were used as case studies to examine the various facets of causal arguments. The case study projects include: recognizing and rewarding TQM achievers; conference rooms and auditoriums scheduling/setup; improving Contracting Officer's Technical Representative understanding of the procurement process; and improving workplace services. Based on the findings and the analyses of the case studies, evidence generally supports the original hypothesis with the difference between the original hypothesis and findings being that the conditions of leadership and motivation are both required to successfully complete projects.     

Reaching beyond the health post: Community-based surveillance for polio eradication

This article discusses the CORE Group Polio Project Ethiopia's introduction of community-based surveillance (CBS) of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) to support polio eradication. A USAID-funded collaboration among Ethiopian and US-based NGOs, the CGPP supports volunteers in education about AFP and encouraging case reporting. Volunteers also conduct active case searches, visiting community leaders likely to have contact with paralysis cases. The project's methods strengthen communities' awareness of AFP and their connection to the health system. Data indicate a near doubling of AFP reporting in project areas since the implementation of CBS, according to MOH-E (Ministry of Health, Ethiopia)/WHO statistics.

Allant au-delà du poste de santé: surveillance communautaire pour éradication de la poliomyélite

Cet article traite de l'introduction par le Projet sur la polio du CORE Group (CGPP) en Éthiopie de la surveillance communautaire (SC) de la paralysie flasque aiguë (PFA) pour soutenir l’éradication de la polio. Le CGPP, collaboration financée par USAID entre ONG éthiopiennes et basées aux États-Unis, aide des volontaires à mener une éducation sur la PFA et à encourager la notification des cas. Les volontaires effectuent aussi des recherches actives de cas, rendant visite aux leaders communautaires susceptibles d’être en contact avec des cas de paralysie. Les méthodes du projet renforcent la prise de conscience par les communautés de la PFA et leurs liens avec le système de santé. Les données indiquent que le nombre de cas de PFA signalés a presque doublé dans les zones du projet depuis la mise en ?uvre de la SC, d'après les statistiques du Ministère de la Santé, éthiopien et de l'OMS.

Llegar más allá del puesto de salud: vigilancia comunitaria para erradicación de la poliomielitis

Este artículo examina el Proyecto contra la Poliomielitis llevado a cabo en Etiopía por CORE Group (CGPP por sus siglas en inglés), así como el uso que realiza del método de vigilancia comunitaria (VC) para el seguimiento de la parálisis flácida aguda (PFA). El objetivo de este proyecto es erradicar la polio. Constituye un esfuerzo conjunto de ONG etíopes y estadounidenses, financiado por USAID. CGPP apoya la formación de voluntarios para la vigilancia de la PFA, promoviendo la elaboración de informes sobre distintos casos. Asimismo, los voluntarios dan seguimiento a los casos vigentes, realizando visitas a los líderes comunitarios que, con frecuencia, tienen contacto con personas con parálisis. La metodología del proyecto impulsa la conciencia comunitaria en relación a la PFA y al vínculo entre las comunidades y el sistema de salud. Las estadísticas reportadas por el Ministerio de Salud de Etiopía y la OMS indican que, desde que inició la VC, se han duplicado los informes sobre PFA en las áreas abarcadas por el proyecto.

Indo além do posto de saúde: investigação baseada na comunidade para a erradicação da polio

Este artigo discute a introdução da Investigação Baseada na Comunidade sobre casos de paralisia flácida aguda (AFP) do Projeto Pólio do Grupo CORE da Etiópia, voltada para apoiar a erradicação da pólio. Uma colaboração financiada pela USAID entre ONGs baseadas na Etiópia e EUA, o CGPP apóia voluntários na educação sobre AFP e incentiva o relato de casos. Os voluntários também conduzem pesquisas de caso ativas, visitando líderes de comunidade que provavelmente tenham contato com casos de paralisia. Os métodos do projeto fortalecem a conscientização das comunidades a respeito da AFP e sua conexão com o sistema de saúde. Os dados indicam que o número de relatos de AFP nas áreas do projeto quase dobrou desde a Implementação da Investigação Baseada na Comunidade, de acordo com estatísticas da MOH-E/WHO.     

Parents as teachers project

SUMMARY

Individuals with interests in children and families, as well as in critically examining interventions and service systems may consider opportunities for evaluation research in Child Welfare. As the field increasingly adopts multi-level preventative interventions, positions may offer opportunities for motivated individuals with skills in articulating and examining phenomena at individual, family, community and organizational levels. The paper follows one pathway from graduate school to a position within an organizational context manifesting many of the major themes in contemporary community psychology, including capacity building and empowerment, community development and multi-level prevention interventions, consumer involvement and the stimulating role of program evaluation. The purposeful collection of practical experience is suggested as an important balance to rigorous academic preparation and creative exploration of different professional roles.     

Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics,

The premise of this study was to take a valid population sampling of handwriting and handprinting and assess how many times each of the predetermined characteristic is found in the samples. Approximately 1500 handwriting specimens were collected from across the United States and pared to obtain a representative sample of the U.S. adult population according to selected demographics based on age, sex, ethnicity, handedness, education level, and location of lower‐grade school education. This study has been able to support a quantitative assessment of extrinsic and intrinsic effects in handwriting and handprinting for the six subgroups. Additional results include analyses of the interdependence of characteristics. This study found that 98.55% of handprinted characteristics and 97.39% of cursive characteristics had an independence correlation of under 0.2. The conclusions support use of the product rule in general, but with noted caveats. Finally, this study provides frequency occurrence proportions for 776 handwriting and handprinting characteristics.