世界文学面临的三重挑战

世界文学的时代已经来临.世界文学是当今全球化的伴生物.应坚定地支持世界文学这项计划.然而,要想发展并建立起一个完善严密的世界文学学科,目前的语境却与历史上其他时期的语境--比如说两个世纪之前歌德倡议阅读世界文学的那个时期--具有很大差异.我们今天面临的最大的语境便是全球化.世界文学至少面临三重挑战:一是翻译的挑战;二是表述的挑战;三是如何对"文学"定义的挑战.     

萨帕塔主义与资本主义(1910～1996):从经济民族主义到全球化

萨帕塔主义与资本主义（１９１０～１９９６）：从经济民族主义到全球化〔墨〕塞尔希奥·德拉佩尼亚①前言萨帕塔的萨帕塔主义是通过他的斗争而逐步变得激进起来的。虽然萨帕塔主义的要求已部分地反映在１９１７年宪法之中，但只是在他被杀害之后，在他的萨帕塔主义变成全...     

化腐朽为神奇的美国政要

生活中经常有这样的事情，即人们为他们的最大弱点所累而导致失败。但是，为什么不能简便而有效地倒过来做呢？为什么人们不能化腐朽为神奇，把他们的最大的弱点转化成最大的优点呢？下面的几位美国政要，他们能够做得到。     

China Revisited

It was in November 1975 that Iwas posted to the People's Re-public of China as Tanzanian Am-bassador Extraordinary and Pleni-potentiary. I served in China fornine years. During that period Ivisited many places in all the prov-inces except Tibet and Taiwan.China was coming to the end of     

The transition of migratory patterns in medium-sized cities

"The authors attempt to present some empirical findings regarding a phenomenon which they chose to call the 'transition in migratory patterns'.... The general hypothesis states that: changes in migratory patterns are due to an interaction between those economic, political and social processes which affect the distribution of the population; and that this interaction is also highly influenced by macroeconomic politics--an arena where technology plays a dominant role." Data are for Guadalajara and the state of Jalisco in Mexico. (SUMMARY IN ENG)     

Comprehensively Advance Reform of the Urban Housing System Opinion. [Summary 1991

On 31 December 1991, the Chinese State Council Housing System Reform Leading Group announced this Opinion, setting out targets, principles, and policies for the reform of the system of provisional housing in urban areas. Section 1 of the Opinion provides that the long-term goal of reform is to convert the distribution of housing from a system based on welfare allocation to one based on commodity exchange either by purchase or rental. Section 2 sets the following targets for reform: a) within the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the system will be converted from one of low rent to one in which the calculation of rent will be based on cost of upkeep, administration costs, and depreciation; b) by 2000, the calculation of rent will be based on the above factors, as well as interest on investment and property taxes; and c) in the long term, the calculation of rent will be based on all of the above factors, as well as land rent, insurance premiums, and profit. Section 4 deals with policies for managing various problems such as rent increases and subsidies, sales of housing, financing for housing, the system of investment in and construction of housing, and administration of housing. This Section provides that a three-level housing investment fund based on municipalities, work units, and individuals will be established.