论现代税收正义的宪政基础

近现代税收与宪政的互动历史表明 ,税收作为人民主权的派生物 ,合宪性是其正义价值的逻辑基础。运用宪政原理解构的税收关系在本质上是依照社会契约产生的公法之债 ,它取之于民 ,用之于民 ,并通过宪法所确立的税收法律主义原则来保障其体现人民公意 ,实现人民公共欲望的正义价值     

Chinese maritime concepts

The ancient Chinese always had a complex psychic relation to the vast ocean: longing, but disdaining. On the one hand, they thought there were elfish hills, immortals, and fairy trees abroad; on the other hand, they viewed overseas residents as strange. Before the fifteenth century, the Chinese people were capable of conducting maritime operations positively and entering into contacting peaceful and friendly contacts with foreign countries, the establishment of Ming Dynasty suppression of the coastal areas and the closed-door policy became its basic national policy. After the failure of the first Opium War, some coastal military officials and intellectual elites took the lead in “seeing the world”; they were cognizant of the superior might of western firepower and claimed that the Chinese should “learn from the ‘barbarians’ advanced skills to resist their aggression”. However, even those provincial magnates who actively advocated coastal defense such as Li Hongzhang and Shen Baozhen also failed to really comprehend the oceans' great economic and military value and separated themselves from the set pattern of the old land-based coastal defense. It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century, with the introduction of A. T. Mahan's Sea Power Theory, that the Chinese people gained a comparatively profound cognition of the importance of protecting national maritime interests. The democratic revolutionist Sun Yat-sen insisted that man should strive for survival and development by means of the oceans. However, at the beginning of the establishment of the People's Republic of China, faced with the economic blockade and political pressure by western powers, the Chinese government still took land development and “coastal security” as the center and neglected the effective management of the maritime territory. Since “reform and opening-up”, the second generation of central collective leaders of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Deng Xiaoping at its core, proposed the coastal strategic concept of “offshore defense” and the principle of “laying sovereignty and jointly exploring” for handling maritime disputes, and the third generation of central collective leaders of CPC with Jiang Zemin, at its core, emphasized a better understanding of the oceans from the height of strategy. Nowadays, under the influence of the increasing emphasis on the oceans all over the world, the voice of the Chinese government and Chinese people to establish a strong naval power has become increasingly stronger, but its action is still impeded by many aspects.     

建筑施工企业的分包队伍工会组建及发展农民工会员的探索和思考

改革开放以来,随着工业化、城市化、市场化进程的加快,农民工已经成为建筑施工企业职工队伍的重要组成部分,成为城市建设不可或缺的重要力量。为了维护广大农民工的合法权益,早在5年前,中华全国总工会就提出了“组织起来,切实维权”的工作方针,要求各级工会进行积极地探索,努力走出一条中国特色的工会组建工作的新路子。以上海城建集团工会为例,经过多年来的探索和实践,农民工的会员数已经从2004年的315名,到2008年达11619名。     

构建和谐社会之我见

中国社会进入全面建设小康社会的历史转折时期，建设和谐社会成为贯彻科学发展观、全面建设小康社会和实现现代化的关键。     

论对债权之准占有人给付效力及适用

<正> 对债权之准占有人给付效力,是债的清偿制度中的一个具体制度,也是债法理论中的一个具体问题。它是指债务人善意对债权之准占有人的清偿为有效清偿,近代许多国家的民法典对此都有明文规定。在我国,除在有关行政规章就某些领域有所适用以外,《民法通则》并未对其作出规定,理论界也较少有人论及这个问题。在实务中,这类案件时常出现,由于偿律未有明文,又缺乏必要的理论指导,常感束手无策。本文试从以下几个方面,研究其原理和适用。     

论人格权请求权

人格权请求权是一种独立的请求权。主要内容包括排除妨害请求权、停止妨害请求权和人身损害赔偿请求权。人格权请求权的主要功能是预防和保全。在人格权请求权与其他请求权的关系上 ,其与人格权侵权请求权属于聚合关系 ;与物权请求权、知识产权请求权属于竞合关系。     

电子法务价值及发展框架初探

电子法务是司法机关利用现代信息和通信技术处理法律事务,通过网络实现法律信息和工作流程的优化,向社会提供更优质的法律服务方式。它包括诉讼和非诉讼两个方面的法律事务电子网络化,对于实现诉讼价值,建立先进的司法机制,快速、准确、高效传播和利用法律信息,有效降低诉讼成本有着重大意义。     

Gender,Land and Local Heterogeneity

This paper aims to demonstrate that China's land policy and land law are altered in social interactions between different actors. Such social processes have led to the gendering of rural land tenure practices, but also a highly heterogeneous situation with regard to land tenure. This paper aims to demonstrate that the combined effect of marital relations, kinship, social network and low political representation of women in the community often results in the deprivation of women's land rights and many women are becoming landless. However, our field research shows that there are also cases where women are able to get access to land if they live in communities where land is still subject to redistribution or readjustment, or where women have political representation and gender-awareness training.     

共同侵权行为及其责任的侵权责任法立法抉择

最高人民法院《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》对共同侵权行为及其连带责任作出了新的规定,其中主要涉及的是共同侵权行为本质特征究竟是主观说还是客观说问题,以及连带责任应当遵循何种规则的问题。这些规定都与传统的规则有所不同,在制定侵权责任法的时候,应当如何抉择?本文的意见是:可以选择共同侵权行为的本质特征的关连共同主张,但是不能采用新的连带责任规则。     

预告登记的性质、效力和范围探索

本文针对预告登记中的权利性质、登记效力和登记范围提出意见。经预告登记后的请求权的本质属性仍为债权;预告登记后发生的中间处分行为应为效力待定的行为;可为预告登记的应是变动不动产物权的请求权,或者该请求权附有条件或期限,或者该不动产物权指向的物为未来的不动产,飞机、船舶、汽车等特殊动产准用不动产的规定。