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991.
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Félix E Mezzanotte 《European Law Journal》2011,17(4):495-512
This paper identifies key obstacles of law enforcement that may frustrate a policy that fights the facilitation of collusion. It outlines remedial actions against features that facilitate collusion and examines to what extent authorities––such as Directorate General (DG) for Competition, National Competition Authorities and regulators––have the powers and ability to take these actions. The analysis covers a number of legal tools including the theory of harm of coordinated effects in European merger control, Articles 101 and 102 Treaty for the Functioning of the European Union, stricter national laws and regulation. I conclude that DG Competition has little powers to act, except for merger control. Although NCAs and regulators may enjoy broader powers, tough challenges lie ahead in terms of the exercise of discretion, error and effectiveness of remedial actions. 相似文献
993.
Efficacy of an Intervention to Reduce the Use of Media Violence and Aggression: An Experimental Evaluation with Adolescents in Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several longitudinal studies and meta-analytic reviews have demonstrated that exposure to violent media is linked to aggression
over time. However, evidence on effective interventions to reduce the use of violent media and promote critical viewing skills
is limited. The current study examined the efficacy of an intervention designed to reduce the use of media violence and aggression
in adolescence, covering a total period of about 12 months. A sample of 683 7th and 8th graders in Germany (50.1% girls) were
assigned to two conditions: a 5-week intervention and a no-intervention control group. Measures of exposure to media violence
and aggressive behavior were obtained about 3 months prior to the intervention (T1) and about 7 months post-intervention (T2).
The intervention group showed a significantly larger decrease in the use of violent media from T1 to T2 than the control group.
Participants in the intervention group also scored significantly lower on self-reported aggressive behavior (physical aggression
and relational aggression) at T2 than those in the control group, but the effect was limited to those with high levels of
initial aggression. This effect was mediated by an intervention-induced decrease in the normative acceptance of aggression.
No gender differences in program efficacy were found. The results show that a 5-week school-based intervention can produce
changes in the use of media violence, aggressive norms, and behaviors sustained over several months. 相似文献
994.
Orna Braun-Lewensohn Smadar Celestin-Westreich Leon-Patrice Celestin Dominique Verté Ingrid Ponjaert-Kristoffersen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):850-862
This study investigates the impact of several types of exposure to terror attacks on adolescents’ psychological outcomes in
the context of ongoing terror. A total of 913 adolescents (51% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (12–13.6 = 33%; 13.7–15.6 = 38%;
15.7–18 = 28%) took part in the study. Detailed data were collected concerning objective, subjective and “mixed” types of
exposure to terror, as well as demographics, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), emotional and behavioral problems and
overall psychological and psychiatric difficulties. Subjective exposure was found to be the most important contributor to
adolescents’ post-traumatic stress and other mental health problems in this context. Gender also had important effects. The
effects of objective and mixed types of exposure, as well as age, were less prominent. We did find, however, that the more
adolescents consulted media, the less they experienced behavioral and emotional problems. Given that subjective experiences appear to be the best factor in explaining
mental health outcomes when adolescents are confronted with persistent terror, the cognitive and emotional dynamics along
with the coping behavior linked to such experiences merit further investigation.
相似文献
Orna Braun-LewensohnEmail: |
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It is generally agreed that some judgments by the Court of Justice are more important than others, but the ability of traditional legal methods to identify such judgments is inherently limited. In this article, we apply various tools developed in network analysis to identify which judgments are the most important as legal precedents. The study reveals that certain well‐known judgments, like van Gend en Loos, have limited importance as precedents, while other judgments, like Bosman, PreussenElektra and Schumacker, are likely overlooked. 相似文献
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Víctor M. Martínez Bullé-Goyri 《Boletín mexicano de derecho comparado / Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM》2013,46(136):39-67
The concept of human dignity has its origin in ancient Greece, but is enriched in meaning and scope throughout the development of human history. From being a concept linked to social position, to express the autonomy and moral capacity of people, making it the undisputed foundation of human rights. Human dignity has special relevance, as an element to confront and develop standards for social transformations caused by scientific and technological development. In this paper we focus on addressing those concerning the beginning of human life and its end. 相似文献