猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型共感染对猪外周血天然免疫细胞含量的影响

将猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)单感染和共感染的6周龄仔猪,于感染前和感染后第3、7和10 d,采用血常规法、SWC3a单色流式细胞术以及CD3/CD4/CD8三色流式细胞术分析了感染猪外周血中白细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、NK细胞、γδT细胞的含量。结果,感染后第3 d和第7 d,PRRSV感染组、PCV2感染组以及PRRSV+PCV2共感染组猪的白细胞、单核细胞、粒细胞、NK细胞、γδT细胞总数显著下降,并且共感染组比单感染组下降更加严重。结果表明,PRRSV+PCV2共感染对仔猪外周血天然免疫细胞的影响具有协同效应,意味着在感染早期可导致更加严重的先天免疫抑制。     

PRRSV和PCV2共感染对猪肺泡巨噬细胞CD80-CD86 mRNA转录的影响

用猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)与猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)共感染40日龄健康大白仔猪,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对共感染仔猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)共刺激分子CD80-CD86的mRNA转录水平进行了定量分析。结果表明,在感染后第3 d和第7 d CD80与CD86 mRNA转录显著下调(P<0.05),感染后第14 d CD86 mRNA转录水平仍低于未感染对照组。尽管CD80 mRNA转录水平在第14 d和第28 d高于对照组,CD86 mRNA转录水平在第28 d高于对照组,两者在第42 d均高于对照组,但无显著差异。证实,PRRSV和PCV2共感染可导致猪肺泡巨噬细胞的共刺激分子CD80-CD86基因转录在感染早期明显受到抑制,PAM的抗原呈递能力受到影响。     

罪犯权利的救济制度分析

一、引言长期以来,我们对监狱的解读是“国家的专政机关”,“暴力机器”,对罪犯的认识是“被专政的对象”,罪犯几乎没有权利可言,因而侵犯罪犯权利的现象时常发生。随着人类文明进程的加快,现代法治理念逐步确立,基本人权保障观念逐渐深入人心。罪犯也是人,也有“人之所以为人的权利”,保障罪犯权利已成为人民的自觉选择,越来越多的人认识到保障罪犯的权利,就是为了保障所有人的权利。罪犯“权利主体”、“特殊弱势群体”的观念得到普遍认同,并逐渐成为行刑活动的基本人权理念。在法治理论的框架里,救济是权利的应有之意。没有救济就没有权…     

An Institutional Analysis of China's State Power Structure and its Operation

With the alternative perspective of ‘institutional paradigm’ derived from the work of Douglass North and inspired by institutional economics, this paper explores the PRC's political economy from its formative period to the Reform Era. The author tries to show why State power, with overall control of the economic resources in the planned economy, was not total due to inefficient property rights, in which the State was not able to attain authority and legitimacy, and crises of national security occurred naturally. Economic reform has almost totally reconstructed economic and administrative institutions, but the party-centered State power remains unchanged. This paper shows why and how the State protects State-owned enterprises, which belong to the most influential group as well as being part of the established pillar of power. It also shows that the State protects and inspires non-State enterprises because they can produce maximum production and provide more resources for State power. Thus, the economic transition is full of paradoxes due to these internal conflicts with high institutional costs.     

教育权之争——“孟母堂事件”的法理学思考

“孟母堂事件”是一场发生在国家与公民之间关于教育权的争执,我国现行法律规定了国家作为教育权主体的地位,而未对父母的教育权做出具体规定。缺少制约的国家教育权力的膨胀造成诸多弊端。父母基于自然,有权主张自己对子女的教育权,有权监督让渡给国家和社会的教育权,家庭教育应有其合法的地位。当然教育权作为公民的自由权的同时,又具有社会性,家庭教育必须接受国家、社会、法律、法规的监督与指导,国家也有义务保障家庭教育的实现。这样,父母的教育权利与国家的教育权力(利)之间应该互相制约,以保障受教育人受教育权的完美实现。     

信息、知识产权与中国知识产权战略若干问题

“自主知识产权”与“以信息化促工业化”有着密切的联系。知识产权客体的本质是信息。“信息化”如果仅仅着眼于信息处理与传输,就仅仅注意到了“枝”或“流”;只有同时也注意到“信息”本身的创新,才算注意到了“根”或“源”。就中国知识产权保护的定位,既需要有理论上的思考,又必须了解与分析国际国内的许多实际问题。除了按照国际条约要求的义务保护我们的非长项外,在构思中国知识产权战略时,还应积极思考如何主动地保护我们自己的长项。     

论卧底侦查

卧底侦查是强制侦查中的一种,与诱惑侦查同属于化装侦查。卧底侦查是对付重大的有组织犯罪的有效手段,也是最后的侦查手段。由于卧底侦查副作用明显,我国又没有相关法律规定,而实践中的适用又因有组织犯罪的猖獗而无法回避,对卧底侦查法理根据的探讨,关于卧底侦查具体法律规定的讨论,就为未来的立法和当前的侦查实践所需要。     

The Evolution of Anti-dumping Legislation of European Union

The Course of DevelopmentJanuary 1, 1958 entry into force of the "European Econ-omic Community (EEC) Treaty", more commonly known as the"Rome Treaty," the establishment of the first European Econ-omic Community established based on the principle of the Cu…     

传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株结构蛋白基因部分片段的表达

根据已报道的传染性支气管炎病毒S基因序列设计了1对引物,利用从传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株中提取的RNA,经PCR扩增获得了300 bp的产物;序列测定与分析表明,所扩增产物是传染性支气管炎病毒结构蛋白基因的部分片段。将扩增片段插入pET32a构建表达载体,并于大肠埃希氏菌BL21中进行表达;结果表明,该片段在大肠埃希氏菌中成功表达,产物为30 ku、以可溶性形式存在的蛋白。Western-blotting分析表明,该蛋白可与传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株阳性血清发生反应。     

The Jury System Progresses Amid Controversy

AFTER six months ofstudy,a three-day in-tensive training courseand a two-and-a-half-hour exam,26-year-oldmedical personnel administrator DuanLian was awarded the certificate quali-fying her as a people's juror.China endorsed the National Peo-ple's Congress Standing Committee'sdecision to improve the people's jurysystem last May.Jurors may now par-ticipate in handling court cases as non-professional judges.This is one of manymeasures to improve transparency andjustice in China's legal syst…