严格执法是净化文化市场的有效途径——浅谈乌鲁木齐市文化市场执法不严的成因及对策

文化市场对我们来说确实是古老而又新鲜的课题。说它古老是因为它古来就有,从汉代开始就有杂技、弹唱、卖艺的。说它新鲜,又确实是党的十一届三中全会以来,在我国改革开放中涌现出来的,在短短的二十几年时间里,我国经济发生了翻天覆地的变化,整个社会市场得到了充分的开放,作为社会主义市场组成部分之一的文化市场,在改革开放浪潮的推动下,不仅满足了广大人民群众日益增长的文化娱乐消费的需求,而且还带动了文化产业的发展,这些以满足人们精神文化需要为主要目标而进行生产或服务的行业也取得了巨大的经济效益,并且以其独特的功能——宣传党的各项方针政策,宣传社会主义理想、道德、文化、纪律,提高整个中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质,在社会主义精神文明建设中有特殊的地位,并起着举     

Dilemmas and choices in educational policies: The case of South Korea and Taiwan

In the face of a similar challenge for economic development, South Korea and Taiwan differed greatly in their approaches to educational reform. South Korea permitted a rapid expansion in educational system, allowed the development of academic education, and pursued a relatively high tuition policy for higher education. In contrast, Taiwan controlled the growth of education, promoted vocational education, and maintained a relatively low tuition policy for higher education. Political dynamics, rather than economic efficiency considerations, explain the divergent choices in the educational reforms of these two countries. Tun-jen Cheng is associate professor of government, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23187–8795. He has published extensively on politicl economy and democratic change in East Asian newly industrializing countries. He is currently working on institutional designs of Korean democracy.     

"和平使命-2007":大国心态各异

战略是政略的延伸,和平年代大国博弈重在造势,"和平使命-2007"举世关注.透过纷繁喧闹的表象,研判大国间的攻防,对于此次军演,俄中美又各自潜藏着什么样的战略考虑呢?     

大学生就业问题的建构与误读

高等教育由精英教育转向大众教育过程中,人们对高等教育的观念转变相对滞后,在大学生就业问题上存在建构和误读.在没有清楚界定"大学生就业难问题",就业率统计指标和数据可靠性存在问题的情况下,断言"就业难"或"不难"都不恰当.认为"高校扩招"和"学生要改变择业观念"是就业难的主要原因,也是流于表面且不合时宜的解读.     

四川省家禽及鸟类减蛋综合征血清流行病学调查

采集四川省农村散养的鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑、鸽和野外麻雀的血液，分离血清，应用微量血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验检测减蛋综合征（ＥＤＳ－７６）病毒感染情况。阳性率为：鸡３．０１％（１３／４３２），鸭４４．８６％（４３６／９７２），鹅２８．８１％（１１９／４１３），鹌鹑３．５７％（２７／７５６），鸽１８．７５％（１８／９６），麻雀３０．５６％（１１／３６）；另外在１９８５年疫病普查时采集并保存的鸭、鹅血清中也查到了ＤＥＳ－７６抗体，阳性率分别为鸭４３．３０％（４２／９７），鹅２６．４０％（２９／１１０）。     

对我国发展循环经济的思考

从20世纪80年代开始,我国用短短的20多年走完了发达国家上百年的历程。发展规模之大、速度之快世所罕见。但是,我们在发展中走的仍是传统发展之路,能源、资源消耗大,经济、社会效益低,特别是生态环境破坏严重、代价高昂。有关专家提出,靠传统的发展模式解决不了经济发展中面临的资源生产率问题,必须树立科学发展观,坚定地实施可持续发展战略,走循环经济发展之路。本文着力探讨解决经济增长与资源和生态环境之间的矛盾的出路———发展循环经济,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

公益诉讼制度初探

近年来,随着公民法律意识与权利意识地加强,各地不断爆出不计个人得失为公共利益而提起诉讼的普通公民,但他们的起诉无一例外都是被驳回。这是因为我国现行的诉讼制度在确定诉讼当事人时,对原告采用的是“适格说”,即原告必须是与本案有直接利害关系的公民、法人和其他组织,也就是说,原告必须是为了维护自身的合法权利提起诉讼。对于为了维护国家和社会公共利益而提起诉讼,它的主体在我国只能是人民检察院,即由检察院代表国家提起,而目前,检察院只有权对刑事案件提起公诉,对民事、行政案件只有检察监督权而无起诉权。这说明我国的诉讼制度还有待完善,而完善的途径之一就是引入公益诉讼制度。     

法人被判徒刑一例

<正> 在美国佛吉尼亚州的一位联邦法官罗拔·杜马尔先生于1988年8月31日科处阿里根奈装瓶公司不同寻常的刑罚时说:"监狱并不是由四座石壁造成的"。这位法官因被告人公司参与实施一项划一定价的阴谋计划而判处该公司罚金1,000,000美元并科该公司有期徒刑三年。把一家公司投入监狱在人们的心目中还是判无前例的。上述定罪科刑判决是在美国司法     

Corporate crime: State-owned enterprises in China

Conclusion A decade ago, the Chinese leadership frankly acknowledged that the model of a fully planned economy, with its system of state-owned and state-run enterprises, was what Lenin had called a bureaucratic dream. 86 Today, state-owned enterprises are enjoying far more freedom to operate, and the state is trying to control them with more law and fewer plans. The use of criminal law to confront corporate crime is part of the effort to import advanced management methods from the West. Nonetheless, in the context of state ownership and Party leadership, the appropriateness of this approach is questionable.The Company Law is a new instrument to bring about fundamental changes in China's system of business organizations. These changes will help determine the scope and limits of criminal law, as applied to corporate enterprises, in the next decade. In this context, I would suggest replacing the concept ofdanwei crime with the concept of corporate or company (gongsi) crime; distinguishing thosefaren that can independently bear criminal liability from those that cannot; and clearly defining the elements of corporate offenses. Corporate criminal liability is a concept applicable when the corporation not only commits the crime but also has the legal capacity to be liable in its own right. Individual liability is still the sole principle applicable to a government agency, even if the crime is collectively committed.Given the historic context of China's socioeconomic reform, criminal law reform can advance only gradually. To insure that Western concepts fit the Chinese setting, lawmakers must make certain that every new criminal statute or regulation is enforceable even where enterprises remain closely interconnected with the state and decision-makers in publicly owned enterprises are mainly appointees of the state.I gratefully acknowledge the invitation of Daniel Prefontaine, Director of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and of the Hon. Josiah Wood of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, to present an earlier version of this essay at the eighth international conference of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, Hong Kong, December 4–8, 1994. Thanks are also due to Madeleine Sann, Director of Publication,Criminal Law Forum, for her excellent editorial comments.Postgraduate Diploma of Legal Studies, ECIPSL 1984, LL.M., Shanghai Academy of Social Science 1985; Ph.D. candidate, Simon Fraser University.     

关于治安拘留与罚款执行中相关问题的思考

治安拘留与罚款是治安管理处罚中经常适用的两种处罚方式,如何执行该两种处罚,已成为当前公安工作的一个重大问题。为了确保拘留与罚款的执行,应当深刻理会有关法律和司法解释的规定精神,充分考虑被处罚对象的实际情况,尊重和保护被处罚对象应当享有的权利,同时对有关法律、规章进行修改。